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PubMed2004

[Ehrlichiosis--a disease rarely recognized in Poland].

Ehrlichioses constitute a group of acute zoonoses caused by the infection with the microorganisms belonging to the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and Neorickettsia (Rickettsiaceae). Presence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) caused by infection with Anaplasma phagocytophila (A. phagocytophila) and transmitted by Ixodes ricinus tick has been confirmed in Poland. All the cases described so far were noted in the area of endemic prevalence of Lyme borreliosis (north-east of Poland). Lack of characteristic symptoms makes the diagnosis of HGE difficult. It should be suspected in patients exposed to tick bites during the preceding few weeks, in whom acute, febrile illness accompanied by leucopenia and thrombocytopenia develops. The course of infection may be serious, or even life-threatening, in patients more than 40 years old; consequences of co-infection with A. phagocytophila and other tick-borne pathogens remain not well known. There is probably no risk of the development of chronic HGE. As specific diagnostic methods are not widely accessible in Poland, empirical therapy with doxycycline may be of benefit in suspected HGE cases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

[Hemophilia and other inherited blood coagulation disorders in Poland].

The aim of the study was to analyze the data on 3224 patients with inherited blood coagulation disorders registered in Poland till December 1st, 2003. In 2269 registered hemophilia patients, 1953 were hemophilia A, and 316 were hemophilia B. Hemophilia A occurs in 1512 families, and hemophilia B in 240 families. Severe hemophilia constitutes the majority of hemophilia A and B cases (59.7% and 56.6% respectively). About 50% of the hemophiliacs have no history of bleeding diathesis in the family. The mean age of hemophilia A patients is 30.9 years, and that of hemophilia B patients--29.2 years. Prevalence of hemophilia in Poland is approximately 1:12 300 inhabitants. Hemophilia A has been diagnosed in 60.6% of all patients with inherited blood coagulation disorders registered in Poland, von Willebrand disease-- in 21.9%, hemophilia B-- in 9.8% and factor VII deficiency-- in 3.3%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Epidemiology of rotaviral infections among children in Poland].

In Poland there is no obligation of reporting and registration of the rotaviral infections in children. Therefore, data concerning number and incidence of rotaviral infections is unknown. Most of works devoted to rotaviral infections describes clinical course. In many works, Polish authors carry out the analysis of per cent participation of rotaviral infections in global number of children hospitalized due to diarrhea in Poland. The rotaviral part of diarrhea is 20%-80% of all diarrheas in Polish children. Mostly, rotaviral diarrheas take 40% to more than 50% of all diarrheas in children. Rotavirus is also accountable for rising of nosocomial infections. Summarizing, there is conclusion, that is necessary to implement the registration of rotaviral infections in Poland.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Decreasing trend of cardiovascular mortality in Poland in the years 1980-2001].

In Poland, mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been systematically decreasing since 1990. The apparent change has been subject to a number of investigations during the last decade. The potential explanatory factors include favorable effects of socio-political and economic changes in Poland, decrease in the occurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, modification of diet and lifestyle, as well as advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in their acute, life-threatening stages. Hypothesis regarding a beneficial evolution of the occurrence of risk factors is not universally accepted. The lack of convincing explanation of the trend justified a revision of the mortality pattern, including analysis of the specific components of the overall category of CVD. The findings showed that during the period in question (1990-2001) some important specific mortality rates have increased and not decreased. The change was particularly apparent in terms of ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Assessment of available data reveals also a decrease in mortality rates due to hypertension and due to diseases of arteries. The results of analysis suggest a caution in exploring and interpreting of overall trend in cardiovascular mortality in Poland, during the last decade. Beneficial changes appear to be less promising when the mortality profile is examined via the contribution of specific diseases, components of the overall category of CVD, especially ischeamic heart disease and the stroke. The findings justify further exploration, involving also a potential effect of diagnostic shift in classification of causes of death.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2005

[Rabies in Poland in 2003].

In Poland 399 cases of animal rabies were reported in 2003. Mass oral vaccination of wild animals against rabies, which was introduced in 1993, seems to show a positive impact on the epizootic situation of rabies in Poland. In 2003 we observed about three-fold decrease in number of animal rabies cases. The outbreak of animal rabies, which started in 2001 in Wielkopolskie voivodeship, was still present. About 42% of rabies cases were reported from this province. Moreover sources of wild and domestic animal rabies are present in the north-east, east, and south-east of the country. Out of 7 155 persons vaccinated in Poland against rabies, 519 (7%) were bitten by or had contact with a rabid animal. Main reason for vaccination against rabies was exposure to an animal category C--rabies not excluded (5 790 cases, 81%) or category D--animals healthy at the moment of an exposition (846 cases, 12%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Date-rape drugs scene in Poland.

Since the beginnings of twenty-first century in Poland increasing number of reports about the drug-facilitated sexual assaults have been observed. Many drugs have been identified as so-called "date-rape drugs", because of their pharmacological properties, especially inducing amnesia. These drugs are used for the purpose of "drugging" unsuspected victims and than raping them. In a typical scenario, the perpetrator surreptitiously adds "date-rape drug" to the alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage of an unsuspecting person, who is subsequently sexually assaulted while under the influence of this substance. Many victims do not report the incident until several days after the event or even do not report it at all. They report the incident so late after the events because they often have problems with remember the course of incident. It causes that victim is not reliable witness for justice. Detection of "date-rape drugs" in biological fluids is unequivocal evidence of perpetration. Analysis of biological fluids collected from victims of rapes for presence of drugs was rare in Poland up to now. The aim of this study is to show the use of "date-rape drugs" in Poland. Materials for this study were from the routine casework elaborated at the Institute of Forensic Research in Kraków. APCI-LC-MS methods were applied for screening of biological fluids (blood and/or urine) for amphetamine and its 6 analogues, for 12 substances from benzodiazepine group and for quantification of the detected drugs. HPLC-DAD was used as a screening method for wide range of medicinal drugs, and NCI-GC-MS methods for determination of ketamine and tetrahydrocannabinols (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 9THC) and its metabolite (11-nor-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THCCOOH). In 2000-2004, the biological fluids taken from 33 persons, both sexually assaulted or perpetrators were analysed. In 2000 and 2002 not any case of this type was registered, in 2001 only two cases were recorded. After 2003 significant increase in the number of these cases was observed. Eleven and twenty cases involving "date-rape drugs" were submitted to the Institute in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The most common substances detected in analysed materials were amphetamine (in concentrations ranged from 10 to 85 ng/ml) and 9THC (0.36-1.4 ng/ml). Alcohol (0.27-2.3% per hundred), MDMA (8-201 ng/ml), benzodiazepines (oxazepam, nordazepam, estazolam), propranolol and lidocaine were also found in blood and urine specimens.

Amphetamine-Related Disorders↗
PubMed2005

[Susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from samples of clinical material in Poland in 1998 to selected chemotherapeutics and antibiotics--the analysis of the questionnaire findings. I. Susceptibility of staphylococci].

The work has been undertaken in order to attain detailed information on the antibiotic sensitivity of the identified microorganisms from different clinical material derived from inpatients, outpatients and healthy people, on various regions of Poland in 1998. Approprite questionnaires (cards) were sent to each sanitary-epidemiological stations throughout Poland. Received 28619 cards, from 44 Public Health Service laboratories, allowed to create a computerized data base in Department of Bacteriology in National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw. Staphylococci were the most frequent etiologic pathogen isolated from the clinical material--24,7%. Among them, there were: S. aureus--75,8%, S. epidermidis--9,7%, unidentified coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS)--9,2% and S. saprophyticus--5,1%. 71,6% of staphylococci strains derived from non-hospital material and 26,7% from hospital material. Staphylococci strains isolated from inpatients specimens were more resistant to antibiotics than those from outpatients specimens. The highest resistance, among both hospital and non-hospital strains, was exhibited to penicillin (70-100%) and tetracycline (approximately 50%); the lowest to: glycopeptides, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. Staphylococci isolated from various clinical specimens differed in their antibiotic resistance. The percentages of coagulase-negative staphylococci strains resistant to the antibiotics used were higher than of S. aureus strains. On the average 34% of S. aureus strains were methicillin-resistant (MRSA); but depending on specimens were isolated from, it ranged from 24% of MRSA strains for ear and nose swabs to 70% of MRSA strains for feaces samples. Among MRSA strains the percentage of resistance to other antibiotics was a few time higher than among MSSA strains. The territorial distribution of staphylococci strains resistance to various antibiotics in Poland is not uniform.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Environmental dependence of cigarette smoking among adolescents of upper-secondary schools in Poland in 2005. Initial results].

This study was designed to evaluate the current smoking status among adolescents of upper-secondary schools in Poland and to examine potential relationships between environmental factors (place of living and school type) and current cigarette smoking, smoking experimentation and age of first cigarette. Questionnaire survey was conducted in February - March 2005 as a project: "Health perception, life satisfaction and health behavior of upper-secondary school pupils in Poland in psychosocial and economical determinants' context". The data was collected from representative sample of pupils in Poland (N=3123), Ist and IIIrd grade students at upper-secondary schools of different school types. Almost 3/4 adolescents had reported the attempts of smoking, 1/4 declared current smoking. The smoking prevalence among boys was higher than among girls, among older pupils (18 y.) than younger (16y.) and among students living in towns. Especially there was a significant difference of rate of smoking among young women from towns than from rural areas. Special risk group of cigarette smoking were pupils of basic vocational schools. Risk of current smoking was more than 4 times higher among them, than among pupils from general secondary schools. Strategies aimed at influencing smoking behavior need to be directed especially to basic vocational schools students and girls in towns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Beta-Thalassemia in Poland. I. Mediterranean mutations in beta-thalassemia].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the present investigation was to verify a common view that thalassemia in Poland is a very rare disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 600 patients (270 male and 330 female) aged 2-85 years with microcytosis and no evidence of iron deficiency were examined for beta-thalassemia. Hemoglobin A2 and hemoglobin F and bilirubin were evaluated. Patients with elevated A2 hemoglobin concentration were examined for 8 common Mediterranean mutations. RESULTS: Hemoglobin A2 was increased in 106 patients. In 48 patients there was also an elevation of hemoglobin F and in 42 - of serum bilirubin. 7 different mutations were detected in 46 heterozygous patients (numbers of patients with a particular mutation are in square brackPis): IVS1-6(T>C) [15], IVS2-745(C>G) [14], IVS2-1(G>A) [10], IVS1-1(G>A) [2], CD6-A [2], CD39(C>T) [2], IVS1-110(G>A) [1]. CONCLUSIONS: Frequencies of individual mutations in Poland were different from those encountered in Mediterranean and some Central European countries. Our data indicate that fl-thalassemia in Poland is not a rare disease and should be considered in differential diagnosis of hypochromic anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Latissimus dorsi transfer to restore thoracic malformation of Poland's syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the methods and points for attention of latissimus dorsi muscle flap transplantation to correct the thoracic malformation of Poland's syndrome. METHODS: From 1995 to 2003, 10 patients were diagnosed of Poland's syndrome with absence of pectoris major muscle in all patients. The latissimus dorsi muscle flap was exposed and transferred through a vertical lateral thoracic cut and a short cut beneath the axillary fold. Reconstruction of the anterior axillary wall is one of the major goals to be achieved in this operation. RESULTS: All of the latissimus dorsi muscle flaps survived. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved after 1-2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The latissimus dorsi muscle flap has a stable and reliable blood supply. It is an ideal muscle flap to restore the thoracic malformation of Poland's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Mumps--still actual epidemiological problem in Poland].

Mumps is a viral infection primarily affecting the salivary glands. Although disease is usually mild about 10-15% of patients can develop aseptic meningitis. Rare but more serious complication is encephalitis, which can result in death. Orchitis, pancreatitis, deafness are other complications of mumps. In the countries where there is no vaccination for mumps, its incidence remains high, usually >100 per 100,000 population with epidemic peaks every 2-5 years. Peak incidence is found among children 5-9 years of age. The mumps morbidity in Poland is in the range 50-560 per 100,000 population. Up to 2003, 107 countries reported using mumps vaccine in their national immunization programmes. Countries that have achieved high coverage have shown rapid decline in mumps morbidity (for a one-dose schedule > or = 80%, for two-dose schedule > or = 97%). This review analyses the clinical manifestation, epidemiology of mumps as well as immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of different types of mumps vaccines. It also provides information about epidemiological situation for mumps in Poland in the context of national mumps immunization programmme. There is low seroprevalence among the children population in Poland--up to 2003, about 75% children population in the 1 to 4 age group was seronegative for mumps. The childhood mumps vaccination should aim at an 80% coverage rate, or more. An insufficient childhood vaccination coverage may result in an epidemiological shift in the incidence of mumps to older age groups. If a large proportion of the population remains seronegative for mumps, vaccination of adults should be also considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[The epidemiological situation of cardiovascular diseases in the Lodz region compared to Poland at the beginning of the 21st century].

UNLABELLED: The paper aims at presenting selected elements of the epidemiological situation concerning cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the Lodz region compared to Poland. The analysis contained in our paper draws on the latest version of the WHO mortality database, data provided by the Ministry of Health, the Central Statistical Office and the database of the Lodz Regional Centre of Public Health. Mortality rates due to CVD were subject to direct standardisation in order to remove the bias stemming from different age structures of the compared populations. RESULTS: The population of the Lodz region is characterised by the highest feminisation rate as well as the strongest ageing process nation-wide. The standardised mortality rates due to CVD in 2002 in the Lodz region amounted to 455.76 per 100,000 in the general population, 450.70 among males, and 463.74 among females, whereas the respective indices for Poland were as follows: 442.82, 432.77, and 452.26. Furthermore, we present the data on death causes by ICD-10 groups and categories, with a particular attention paid to the coronary heart disease and the cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the epidemiological situation due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the Lodz region occupies an unfavourable position on the map depicting the health status of Poland. One of the relevant indicators is the highest mortality rate due to CVD across all Polish regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The rising incidence of type 1 diabetes in south-eastern Poland. A study of the 0-29 year-old age group, 1980-1999.

INTRODUCTION: Studies carried out over the last few years have provided information about the increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in different parts of the world including the European countries bordering Poland. THE AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes over the 20 years between 1980 and 1999 and to compare the incidence during the decades preceding and following the 1989 economic and political transformation in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The registration of type 1 diabetes among people aged 0-29 was drawn up according to the DERI recommendations using three data sources. We calculated the age-standardised incidence rates for five-year age groups and determined the long-term trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in south-eastern Poland. RESULTS: A significant growth in the incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed among people aged 0-29 in the Rzeszów Province in the period between 1980 and 1999. The mean age-standardised incidence rate was 6.1/100,000, and a statistically significant difference was noted between the 1980s and the 1990s (5.3 [95%CI 4.5-6.0] and 6.8 [95%CI 5.9-7.6]). The male incidence of 6.7 significantly exceeded that for females--5.5/100,000. There was also a higher incidence in the group aged 0-14 in comparison with the group aged 15-29 (6.4 and 5.8/100,000 respectively). The highest incidence was found in boys aged 10-14 (11.5/100,000) and a significantly rising trend was observed in children of 0-4 years old. CONCLUSIONS: The mean incidence of type 1 diabetes among the study population was low. Nevertheless, we demonstrated a significantly increasing trend in the incidence during the 20-year observation period. The incidence in the 1990s, both in general and for males, was significantly higher when compared to the 1980s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Capreolus capreolus and Ixodes ricinus as a reservoir of Bartonella in north-western Poland].

Capreolus capreolus and Ixodes ricinus as a reservoir of Bartonella in north-western Poland. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence Bartonella in Capreolus capreolus from north-western Poland forest. Supplementary, ticks infesting roe deer were also screened in order to ascertain their role as vectors and reservoirs of Bartonella. The samples of blood from 98 animals from north-western Poland were PCR-screened. Bartonella DNA was detected by using primers complementary to the intergenic spacer (ITS) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, which is used for identification of over a dozen species of this genus. Products of three different sizes were detected: 230 bp and 290 bp may represent two strains of B. capreoli, and 190 bp may be identify as B. bovis. All three amplicons were detected in blood, the 290 bp fragment from B. capreoli was present only in ticks, Ixodes ricinus. Generally, Bartonella infection in C. capreolus amounted to 21.4% of individuals, but was much higher during the autumn-winter seasons (62%), than in spring (4.3%). The results show that C. capreolus may be a reservoir for at least two species, i.e. B. capreoli and B. bovis, and probably do not cause persistent infection in roe deer. The high percentage of infested individuals during spring (84%) and infection detected in I. ricinus (5.2%) show that ticks are reservoir and vector of Bartonella.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Health promotion and health education with particular emphasis on bone diseases among rural population in Poland.

Osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis are the most common diseases of bone tissue affecting both rural and urban populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of education and requirement for health promotion within the scope of common diseases of the skeletal system among rural population in Poland. This was an exploratory study with a cross-sectional design performed between May 2004-September 2005 in rural areas of 16 Voivodeships (main provinces) of Poland. The study population comprised of 404 (62.9%) rural women and 238 (37.1%) rural men (total 642). All subjects were randomly sampled and recruited by personal contact in primary health care centres. Study data were obtained using a specially prepared questionnaire. The most commonly reported diseases were: arterial hypertension (26.1%), joint degenerative disease (24.6%) and osteoarthritis (14.7%). The occurrence of osteoarthritis and joint degenerative disease increased with age and was highest in the group aged over 50 (21% and 38.7% respectively). Osteoarthitis was more frequent in women compared to men (16% and 12.2% respectively). In most cases, the basic information about methods of prevention and treatment given by a General Practitioner or a specialist was characterized as "satisfactory" (73.6% and 62.9% respectively). The most popular prophylactic action performed in local communities was bone densitometry (14.1%), and the most important source of knowledge - TV and radio (65%). Populations living in rural areas have limited access to health education and health prophylaxis actions, irrespective of the geographical region of Poland. Inhabitants with secondary or higher education, as well as those with a higher household income, have better knowledge about skeletal system diseases compared to those with a lower educational level. The practical implications of this study suggest the necessity for paying more attention to etiology, symptoms and methods of prevention and treatment of bone diseases when attending to patients in specialist practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Acarine disease of bees (acariasis) in Poland during 1973 to 1975].

Acariasis is on the list B of the Office of International Epizootics. Epizootiological bulletins of the Veterinary Department in the Ministry of Agriculture of Poland were studied and occurrence of acariasis was noted. Acarine disease of bees during 1973 to 1975 in Poland was noted only in some voivodeships. Acariasis was diagnosed every year in voivodeships: Katowice, Kraków, Lublin, Opole, Wrocław and Zielona Góra (South Poland).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Assessment of mammographic units in Poland in the view of current requirements of radiation protection regulations].

The aim of mammography examination is to discover as soon as possible any structural changes in a breast tissue. Every X-ray examination exposure the patient to the radiation as it takes place in mamnography images might be a cause of cancer. In this publication the dynamics growth of mammnography units number in Poland in years 1995,1997 and 2002 has been analyzed. The distribution of mammography units in Poland has been examined. The places of mammography units exploitation in regard to the type of health service institution has been determined. In this publication the manufacturers and the age of mammography units as a prerequisite to determine whether the specified mammography unit complies with the actual requirements in radiation protection regulations have been taken into consideration. The mammography laboratory equipment for providing quality control and the method of developing X-ray films has been also analyzed. It has been ascertained that about 25 % of mammography units do not comply with current technical requirements and they should be withdrawn from exploitation. However, it should be pointed out that there were only 554 mammography units in Poland at the end of year 2002. Their unequal distribution do not provide satisfactory availability to examinations for patients. As a result of this, the principal method of withdrawing them from exploitation should be replacing the time-worn the X-ray apparatuses with the new ones.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed2006

[Tick-transmitted diseases which may threaten health of dogs in Poland].

Tick-borne dog infectious diseases constitute an emerging problem in veterinary medicine in recent years. The diseases recognized as characteristic for tropical and semi-tropical regions are diagnosed in dogs in countries with temperate climate including Poland. The major reason for such phenomenon is that Polish tourists increasingly travel with their dogs into subtropical and tropical areas of the world. Coming back to Poland, dogs often bring in non-native species of ticks as well as pathogens transmitted by them. Tick-borne diseases can result from infection with bacteria, viruses and parasitic protozoa. In this review we present most important tick-transmitted diseases which may occur in dogs in Poland.

Animals↗