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PubMed1976

[Possible use of growth regulators for plant processes in selected grain pod-vegetables].

The cultivation of beans and peas as grain legumes in large-scale production requires plants with a high yield and suitable for machine harvesting. Growth regulators for plant processes can also be applied to achieve these properties. The effect on the yield by growth regulators, as demonstrated in pot and field trials, seems to enable their application in an established intensive cultivation of beans and peas. Prior to this, however, it has to be demonstrated that these positive effects of growth regulator application can reproduced economically in different locations and with different species.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

The risk of hospitalization and near-fatal and fatal asthma in relation to the perception of dyspnea.

BACKGROUND: A life-threatening asthma attack is still of major concern. One of the main goals in treating patients with asthma is identification of the patients at risk of having these attacks. It has been shown that patients who have a near-fatal asthma attack have a blunted perception of dyspnea (POD). The purpose of this study is to measure the POD in patients with asthma, and to relate POD to life-threatening attacks within a 24-month follow-up period. METHODS: The POD was scored using the Borg scale during breathing against a progressive load at 1-min intervals, in order to achieve mouth pressure up to 30 cm H(2)O, in 113 consecutive asthmatic patients with stable asthma attending an outpatient clinic. All patients were invited to regular follow-up every 3 months for up to 24 months, and all hospitalizations and near-fatal and fatal asthma attacks were recorded. The prebronchodilator morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), daily regular treatment, and beta(2)-agonist consumption were recorded in a diary card for the first 4 weeks. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (15%) had high POD compared to the normal subjects, 67 patients (59%) had POD within the normal range, and 29 patients (26%) had lower-than-normal POD. In the patients with low POD, there was a tendency for higher age, higher female/male ratio, and a longer duration of disease. The rate of severe asthma was higher in the low-POD group than in the normal-POD group, but did not differ from the rate in the high-POD group. The mean daily beta(2)-agonist consumption in the patients with low POD was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than in the patients with high POD, although the mean PEFR was lower in the low-POD group. During the 2 years of follow-up, the patients in the low-POD group had statistically significantly more emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, near-fatal asthma attacks, and deaths compared to the normal-POD and high-POD groups. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 26% of the referral subjects with asthma had low POD when compared to healthy matched subjects. Patients with low POD had statistically significantly more ED visits, hospitalizations, near-fatal asthma attacks, and deaths during the follow-up period. Reduced POD may predispose patients to a life-threatening attack.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Podocyte injury predicts prognosis in patients with iga nephropathy using a small amount of renal biopsy tissue.

To predict the progression in patients with IgA nephropathy, we analyzed glomerular lesions except for sclerosis, adhesion and/or crescents in 34 patients with this disease by morphometric analysis. Levels of urinary protein excretion (UP), creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum creatinine (sCr) and mean blood pressure (MBP) at the time of renal biopsy were used as the clinical parameters. The slope of 1/sCr was also used as a prognostic parameter. Renal specimens were obtained by echo-guided biopsy. In PAS-stained light microscopic renal sections, three mid sections of open glomeruli were selected and photographed. Stereologic estimation was performed as follows: absolute values of glomerular volume (V(G)), glomerular surface area (S(G)), podocyte and nonpodocyte cell number per glomerulus (N(G(pod)) and N(G(Non-pod))), glomerular surface area covered by one podocyte S(G)/N(G(pod))) and glomerular volume occupied by one nonpodocyte cell (V(G)/N(G(Non-pod))). There was a significant correlation between the levels of UP and the change of podocyte injury parameters (N(G(pod)) and S(G)/N(G(pod))) or N(G(Non-pod)). N(G(pod)) was negatively but S(G)/N(G(pod)) and N(G(Non-pod)) were positively correlated with UP. S(G)/N(G(pod)) or N(G(Non-pod)) was correlated with MBP. N(G(pod)), S(G)/N(G(pod)), N(G(Non-pod)), UP or MBP was significantly correlated with the slope of 1/sCr. High specificity was observed for N(G(pod)), S(G)/N(G(pod)) and MBP. High sensitivity was also observed for N(G(Non-pod)) and UP. It appears that podocyte injury might provide additional prognostic information in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prospective double-arm study of fibrinolysis in surgical patients.

BACKGROUND: During surgery, the balance between thrombosis and fibrinolysis is altered. Methods reported to increase fibrinolysis, such as compression devices, may reduce venous thrombosis. However, there are no prospective studies comparing methods and the effect on fibrinolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, general surgical patients were randomized to either sequential compression devices (Group 1) or subcutaneous heparin (Group 2), and fibrinolysis factors were measured in order to determine the effect on the fibrinolysis system. Blood samples were drawn at a similar time of the day with the tourniquet off. Specifically, t-PA antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and D-dimer were measured preoperatively (preop) and on Postoperative Days (POD) 1 and 7 by the ELISA method. Fibrinolysis factors were reported as the mean +/- SD and as percentage change from preoperative values. Noninvasive vascular studies were performed preop, and on POD 1, 7, and 30, by an examination of the infrainguinal venous system and external iliac veins in bilateral lower extremities. Nonambulatory patients were excluded from the study and DVT prophylaxis methods were initiated at surgery and used through POD 2. RESULTS: For the 136 patients in the study, there were no differences in clinical characteristics such as age, surgical time (all > 60 min), anesthesia type (general or spinal), type of surgical procedure, or other risk factors for DVT. Two DVTs occurred at POD 1 and 30 (both Group 2), and one pulmonary embolism in each group (POD 7 for Group 1; POD 1 for Group 2). For subjects without thrombosis, D-dimer changes were parallel for both groups, increasing through POD 7. Similarly, t-PA antigen levels rose from baseline on POD 1 in both groups, with a return toward baseline by POD 7. The PAI-1 levels increased on POD 1 in both groups, but severalfold more in Group 1 (compression devices). The elevation in PAI-1 decreased by 50% in Group 1 by POD 7, while values returned to normal in Group 2. These changes were not significant using the Mann-Whitney test. Only three patients had thrombotic episodes so that data on changes in fibrinolysis factors are difficult to compare with the larger group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a prospective, randomized comparison of fibrinolysis factors using sequential compression devices in comparison to low dose unfractionated heparin in general surgical patients, and comparing postoperative values to preop. Both groups showed an enhanced fibrinolysis by elevation in t-PA antigen and D-dimer on POD 1, as expected when fibrinolysis occurs. While PAI-1 and t-PA work in parallel, the marked elevation of PAI-1 on POD 1 (although only slightly above reference values) and continuing into POD 7 for subjects using compression devices requires further inquiry. The elevation of PAI-1 in the face of elevated t-PA and D-dimer has been reported, but the comparison between patients using sequential compression devices and mini-dose heparin has not been reported. The reason for the elevation requires additional study into other influences on the synthesis, secretion, and/or function of PAI-1 that do not affect t-PA.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Reactive hyperemia in skin after cardiopulmonary bypass.

OBJECTIVE: To study reactive hyperemia (RH) using a transcutaneous PO2/PCO2 combination electrode heated to 37 degrees C and tissue reflectance spectrophotometry in patients before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to determine whether microcirculatory function of skin is altered. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Anesthesiology and critical care unit of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients undergoing elective CPB under mild hypothermia. INTERVENTIONS: To produce RH, blood flow to the forearm was prevented by inflation of a cuff to 300 mmHg for an interval of 5 minutes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements were obtained on the day prior to surgery (DPS), on the day of surgery (DOS) rewarmed to 37 degrees C in the intensive care unit (ICU), and on the first (POD 1) and the third postoperative days (POD 3). The following parameters were recorded: preocclusive baseline cutaneous PO2, and PCO2 (B-PtcO2, B-PtcCO2), and microvascular hemoglobin saturation (B-HbO2); postischemic peak of PtcO2, PtcCO2, and HbO2; and 10 minutes after release of the cuff occlusion posthyperemic PtcO2, PtcCO2, and HbO2. B-PtcO2 was 3.5 +/- 1.2 mmHg on DPS, 2.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg on DOS, 1.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg on POD 1, and 3.5 +/- 3.5 mmHg on POD 3. B-PtcCO2 increased significantly from 40.1 +/- 2.5 mmHg to 52.2 +/- 2.0 mmHg on DOS (p = 0.01) and to 48.9 +/- 3.6 mmHg on POD 1 (p = 0.02). On POD 3, B-PtcCO2 was 40.6 +/- 2.6 mmHg. B-HbO2 declined from a preoperative value of 42.4% +/- 8.6% to 37.1% +/- 14.7% on DOS and further to 21.7% +/- 4.8% on POD 1, which was significantly different (p = 0.03). On POD 3, B-HbO2 still remained lower (30.7% +/- 6.2%) compared with the preoperative value. RH (deltaPtcO2, deltaHBO2) was quantified as the differences between peak PtcO2, HBO2 and B-PtcO2, B-HBO2. DeltaPtcO2 was 13.0 +/- 2.3 on DPS, 11.3 +/- 2.9 on DOS, 12.6 +/- 2.6 on POD 1, and 11.5 +/- 3.5 on POD 3. DeltaHBO2 was 42.0 +/- 5.6 on DPS, 40.0 +/- 7.1 on DOS, 49.9 +/- 2.5 on POD 1, and 52.9 +/- 6.4 on POD 3. The elimination rate of carbon dioxide from skin (ECO2) was calculated as difference between peak PtcCO2 and PtcCO2 after 3 minutes of reperfusion divided by the difference between peak PtcCO2 and B-PtcCO2. ECO2 was 1.0 +/- 0.2 kPa/min on DPS, 0.7 +/- 0.1 kPa/min on DOS, and 0.8 +/- 0.1 kPa/min on POD 1 and POD 3. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous microcirculation assessed by RH is well preserved during the immediate postoperative period in patients undergoing uncomplicated coronary artery surgery with CPB.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
PubMed1996

Bacterial translocation in a large-animal model of small-bowel transplantation. Portal vs systemic venous drainage and the effect of tacrolimus immunosuppression.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether bacterial translocation is more prevalent after small-bowel transplantation with systemic venous drainage (SVD) vs portal venous drainage (PVD) and whether it is influenced by immunosuppression. DESIGN: We performed 15 small-bowel transplantations in pigs. Group 1 (n = 5) had SVD and no immunosuppression; group 2 (n = 6), PVD and no immunosuppression; and group 3 (n = 4), PVD and immunosuppression with tacrolimus and methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Portal and systemic blood, portal and mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver were cultured in donors and recipients on postoperative day 0 (POD 0) and in recipients on postoperative day 3 (POD 3). Jejunal and ileal contents were also sampled at these times. SUBJECTS: Outbred male Yorkshire-Landrace pigs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Blood and tissue bacterial cultures, (2) blood endotoxin levels, and (3) histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Cultures were positive for bacteria in 32% (16/50) of samples on POD 0 and 88% (22/25) on POD 3 in group 1, in 18% (11/60) of samples on POD 0 and 97% (29/30) on POD 3 in group 2, and in 8% (3/40) of samples on POD 0 and 95% (19/20) on POD 3 in group 3. Systemic blood cultures were positive for bacteria on POD 3 in 60% (3/5) of pigs in group 1, 83% (5/6) in group 2, and 100% (4/4) in group 3. Significantly more bacteria were present in the ileum than in the jejunum on POD 0 in group 2; this difference approached significance in groups 1 and 3. Bacterial numbers were identical in the ileum and jejunum by POD 3 in all groups. Circulating endotoxin levels were significantly elevated on POD 3 vs POD 0 only in group 1. Endotoxin levels were not significantly different between the SVD group (group 1) and either PVD group (groups 2 and 3). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial translocation is prevalent after small-bowel transplantation in pigs whether PVD or SVD is used. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus does not prevent bacterial translocation but may reduce systemic endotoxemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Normothermic transfer times up to 3 min will not precondition the isolated rat heart.

Isolated, perfused heart preparations suffer an inevitable peri-operative delay (POD) before retrograde perfusion restores coronary flow. By varying this ischaemic period we investigated the threshold of POD-induced inadvertent preconditioning (PC) in the rat heart. Hearts subjected to POD at 37 degrees C increasing from 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 up to 15 min prior to 20 min retrograde perfusion were further subjected to 30 min global, normothermic ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion (index I/R). The functional recovery was 32 +/- 4.1% in hearts subject to 1 min POD. After 3 min POD functional recovery started to improve and peaked at 10 min POD (78 +/- 7.1%, P < 0.001). At 4 degrees C functional recovery started to improve after 5 min POD and peaked at 10 min POD. To demonstrate that the POD-mediated protection was true PC, two conventional models of PC were established. In both models, hearts were retrogradely perfused within 1 min POD prior to a standard PC protocol (one episode of 10 min ischaemia, or four episodes of 5 min ischaemia). In the conventional PC models protection against the index I/R was abolished using 100 microM 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), the mitrochondrial KATP channel inhibitor. Likewise, 10 min POD-mediated recovery at 37 degrees C (70 +/- 3.2%) was reversed by 100 microM 5-HD perfusion (36 +/- 5.9%; NS v.s. 2 min POD). We conclude: (1) the threshold for PC is greater than 3 min at 37 degrees C and greater than 5 min at 4 degrees C: (2) blockade of the mitochondrial KATP channel abolishes protection in three models of PC in the rat heart, including prolonged POD.

Animals↗