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PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiopathogenic importance of human herpes viruses type 6, 7 and 8 in manifestations of certain skin diseases].

INTRODUCTION: In the past few years new human herpes viruses (HHV): HHV-6, -7 and -8 have been discovered. According to the most recent literature, they might have an important role in etiopathogenesis of some dermatological diseases. HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6: HHV-6 was isolated in 1984 from peripheral blood lymphocytes of AIDS patients and patients with different lymphoproliferative diseases. Up to now, two variants of this virus have been identified, A and B, which differ in genetic, biological and immunological characteristics. The etiological importance of variant A, has not yet been clarified, while variant B is considered to be the major cause of many diseases, such as exanthema subitum in infants. In many cases primary infection is associated with elevated temperature, without rash. HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 7: HHV-7 was isolated in 1990 from activated peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of healthy persons. The virus is ubiquitous and more than 80% of babies and infants are affected. Presence of DNA sequences of this virus in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, skin and plasma of pityriasis rosea patients, points to possible connection between this illness and HHV-7 infection. HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8: HHV-8 was first identified in tissue samples of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS in 1994. DNA virus sequences were also isolated in HIV negative persons with Kaposis's sarcoma. Presence of virus can be established in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, endothelial cells that cover vascular spaces and spindle cells within skin changes. Modes of transmission are still not clarified. However, HHV-8 was identified in some other dermatological diseases as well.

Exanthema Subitum↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and histologic features of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in children.

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) is commonly thought of as a disease of young adults, yet we identified five cases, involving patients who were 3, 5, 6, 8, and 11 years of age, among 13,000 consecutive specimens submitted to a general dermatopathology laboratory during a 15-week period. The clinical and histologic features of PLEVA in our cases were similar to those reported for adults, except that no lesions were observed on the scalp or mucous membranes of children. A high index of suspicion and biopsy specimens of suspected lesions are often needed to differentiate PLEVA from other papular and crusted eruptions seen in the pediatric age group. These include reactions to arthropods, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, varicella, and erythema multiforme. Histologically, papular eczema and pityriasis rosea may be misdiagnosed as PLEVA.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Papulosquamous diseases.

The papulosquamous diseases have certain common morphologic appearances which may at times lead to confusion in diagnosis. They do not have any common etiologic factor. The most common diseases in this category are psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, and secondary syphilis. Exfoliative erythroderma is included here since it rarely may be a complication of a pre-existing papulosquamous disease such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and lichen planus.

Dermatitis, Exfoliative↗
PubMed1978

[Serum IgE in skin diseases of children (author's transl)].

Using the paper-radioimmunosorbens test (PRIST) normal values were obtained from 200 non-allergic children. The IgE level was aged-dependent, in part with significant differences between various age groups. These normal values were compared with those in children with seborrhoeic dermitis, constitutional neurodermatitis, parasitoses, urticaria, Quincke oedema, Schönlein-Henoch purpura, pityriasis rosea, multiform exudative erythema, erythema nodosum and infantile papular acrodermatitis. Half-life of IgE in neonates was 16.2 hours.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1982

Histopathologic diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and its clinical correlation.

To assess the specificity of the histopathologic features in the diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA), we reviewed the clinical manifestations and courses of 42 patients for whom this diagnosis was suggested in the pathology report. The histologic diagnosis of PLEVA was clinically substantiated in 16 of these 42 cases. Of the 26 cases in which PLEVA was erroneously diagnosed histologically, the correct clinical diagnosis was suggested before biopsies were done in 21 instances. In the five remaining cases, both the prebiopsy clinical diagnosis and the pathologic diagnosis proved to be incorrect. Pityriasis rosea, insect bites, and eczematous dermatitis accounted for the majority of the cases that histologically mimicked PLEVA. The constellation of histologic findings described in PLEVA (presence of intraepidermal lymphocytes and erythrocytes, dermal hemorrhage, and so-called lymphocytic vasculitis) is not specific and may be seen in a variety of dermatologic disorders.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Naturally occurring T lymphocytotoxic antibody in viral and related skin diseases.

The naturally occurring T lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients with viral and related skin diseases were investigated and compared with those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The incidences of T lymphocytotoxic antibodies in exanthema suspected of viral infection, infectious mononucleosis, rubella and pityriasis rosea were 28%, 44%, 8% and 28% respectively. Sera from patients with herpes zoster and erythema infectiosum did not show positivity. Incidence in SLE sera as positive control was 82%. The T lymphocytotoxic antibodies detected in skin diseases were similar in nature to those of SLE patients, but were transient and lower in titer than those of SLE.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Anxiety and skin diseases.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a relationship exists between anxiety and skin diseases. It was hypothesized that subjects wtih different dermatoses would have different anxiety levels. Subjects with the following skin diseases were compared: atopic dermatitis, cystic acne, noncystic acne, tinea versicolor, and pityriasis rosea. Anxiety levels were measured by use of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The STAI consists of two twenty-item self-report rating scales for two types of anxiety: A-State anxiety, which is transitory or situational, and A-Trait anxiety, which is chronic or an enduring personality trait. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the aforementioned groups in both A-State and A-Trait anxiety, with the mean elevations highest in the subjects with disfiguring acne (cystic) and intolerably prurific eczema (atopic dermatitis).

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1957

A query.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human herpesvirus 7.

Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant complications. The latter two may warrant antiviral intervention, in vitro studies have shown that HHV-7 is susceptible to several nucleoside phosphonate compounds. In vitro, the virus has approximately a 5 day growth cycle in cultured lymphocytes; in vivo, latency is established in peripheral blood T-cells and a persistent infection is established in salivary gland tissue from which infectious virus is constitutively shed in saliva. The HHV-7 genome is approximately 145 kb and encodes at least 84 different proteins. Studies characterising HHV-7 gene products and the required interactions between viral and cellular genes necessary for virus replication, persistence and latency are in their infancy. HHV-7 infection has a variety of effects on host cells including upregulation of interleukin 15 and down-modulation of the cell surface molecule CD4; the latter serves as the cellular membrane receptor for HHV-7. Since HIV also infects T-cells via the CD4 molecule, the interactions of these viruses within T-cells during the course of AIDS are important areas of investigation.

Herpesviridae Infections↗
PubMed1986

The increasing role of Microsporum canis in the variety of dermatophytic manifestations reported from Israel.

During a period of 8 years 300 cases of dermatophytoses involving both hairy areas and the glabrous skin were found to be caused by M. canis. There was scalp involvement in 60%, including 8 infants and 27 adults; most of the adults presented Kerion-like lesions and presented various clinical aspects such as seborrhea capitis, folliculitis and discoid lupus erythematosus. In the 21 patients showing invasion of the beard the clinical manifestations included superficial erythemato-squamous patches with hyperemic slightly elevated margins, folliculitis or abscess-like lesions and Kerion-like lesions. Among the lesions found on the glabrous skin there were unusual aspects of tinea faciei in 19 adults, mimicking lymphocytic infiltration, granuloma faciale or discoid lupus erythematosus. Some of the cases of tinea corporis found in 70 patients also had lesions simulating various other dermatological entities, including erythema multiforme, psoriasiform eruption, pityriasis rosea and seborrheic dermatitis. The hands were invaded in 5 adults patients, with involvement of the finger nails in one. Repeated mycologic examinations were necessary to establish the true etiology in many of these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Oral antibiotics with antiinflammatory/ immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of various dermatoses].

A range of antibiotics has been shown to modify host functions apart from the antimicrobial potency. They may directly influence phagocyte and lymphocyte function, as well as chemotaxis. Effects on the generation and release of various cytokines involved in the inflammatory process have been studied both in vivo and in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated in detail. It is suggested that antibiotics can exert immunopharmacological effects on the basis of structure-activity relationships independent of their antibacterial activity. We present a collection of clinical studies and case reports dealing with the potential benefits of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of selected dermatoses which have primarily been classified as non-infectious. Generally accepted treatments such as dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis or chloroquine in lupus erythematosus have not been considered. Based on existing clinical trials with a higher number of cases the following antibiotics have been shown to be effective: erythromycin in bullous pemphigoid and pityriasis rosea as well as tetracyclines in pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. However, most reports have to be viewed critically due to the uncontrolled study design, particularly in dermatoses with a tendency to spontaneous resolution. Despite this lack of evidence-based data, it is important for the clinician to know about the potential use of antibiotics for various skin disorders as a primary treatment option or steroid-sparing therapeutic adjunct. In clinical practice the use of antibiotics depends on various factors including the severity of the disease, the patient's age, contraindications to conventional therapeutic regiments and economic considerations.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Primary care physicians' errors in handling cutaneous disorders. A prospective survey.

This study analyzes the errors made by primary care physicians in handling skin disorders in patients seen prospectively over a 20-month period in a dermatologic practice. There were 319 errors in 260 patients. Eighty-eight percent of the errors were in diagnosis. There was a striking tendency to overdiagnose infectious dermatoses such as bacterial pyodermas, superficial mycoses, scabies, and herpes simplex and to underdiagnose inflammatory dermatoses such as contact dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, and psoriasis. In 218 cases (68%) the error probably could have been prevented if the following diagnostic criteria were considered mandatory: positive culture or potassium hydroxide preparation for dermatophytosis or candidiasis, positive Tzanck smear or viral culture for herpes simplex, zoster, or varicella, and demonstration of ectoparasite for scabies. These findings have implications for the medical education of primary care physicians and for the practitioner who handles cutaneous disorders.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed2002

Human herpesviruses 6 and 7.

Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 are newly discovered viruses that belong to the genus Roseolavirus within the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. These ubiquitous viruses may cause primary or chronic persistent infection or remain in a state of latency for many years, until a decrease in the immunologic state of the host leads to reactivation of infection. Several diseases have been linked with HHV-6 and HHV-7. In the dermatologic arena, a definite association has been proven only for HHV-6 and exanthema subitum (roseola infantum), whereas the role of HHV-7 in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea remains a matter of debate.

Herpesviridae Infections↗
PubMed2001

Skin diseases associated with human herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8 infection.

Relatively recently, the discovery and analysis of three new human herpesviruses, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as HHV-8, has contributed greatly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of several common dermatoses. HHV-6 and HHV-7 are closely related beta-herpesviruses that have been linked with roseola (mostly HHV-6), severe drug eruptions (HHV-6), and pityriasis rosea (mostly HHV-7). KSHV is a gamma-herpesvirus that is now believed to be the long sought after etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma. The evidence for these skin disease associations and key findings from recent basic science investigations on viral pathogenesis are discussed in this review. In addition, possible therapeutic implications of these research studies are explored.

Herpesvirus 6, Human↗
PubMed2003

Guttate morphoea in human T-cell lymphoma/lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection.

A 62-year-old Japanese man presented with multiple small atrophic macules on the trunk and extremities. The lesions were discrete, oval in shape and enclosed by lilac ring. They were distributed in a Christmas tree distribution, reminiscent of pityriasis rosea. Skin biopsy showed increased collagen fibres in the dermis and invading subcutaneous tissue. The clinico-pathological features were consistent with guttate morphoea, a rare variant of localized scleroderma. Serological tests revealed a positive reaction to human T-cell lymphoma/lymphotropic virus type-1 infection.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1998

Drugs causing fixed eruptions: a study of 450 cases.

BACKGROUND: Drug eruptions are among the most common cutaneous disorders encountered by the dermatologist. Some drug eruptions, although trivial, may cause cosmetic embarrassment and fixed drug eruption (FDE) is one of them. The diagnostic hallmark is its recurrence at previously affected sites. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 450 FDE patients to determine the causative drugs. RESULTS: The ratio of men to women was 1:1.1. The main presentation of FDE was circular hyperpigmented lesion. Less commonly FDE presented as: nonpigmenting erythema, urticaria, dermatitis, periorbital or generalized hypermelanosis. Occasionally FDE mimicked lichen planus, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, paronychia, cheilitis, psoriasis, housewife's dermatitis, melasma, lichen planus actinicus, discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema annulare centrifugum, pemphigus vulgaris, chilblains, pityriasis rosea and vulval or perianal hypermelanosis. Cotrimoxazole was the most common cause of FDE. Other drugs incriminated were tetracycline, metamizole, phenylbutazone, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, mefenamic acid, metronidazole, tinidazole, chlormezanone, amoxycillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, belladonna, griseofulvin, phenobarbitone, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, ibuprofen, diflunisal, pyrantel pamoate, clindamycin, allopurinol, orphenadrine, and albendazole. CONCLUSIONS: Cotrimoxazole was the most common cause of FDE, whereas FDE with diclofenac sodium, pyrantel pamoate, clindamycin, and albendazole were reported for the first time. FDE may have multiform presentations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective survey of pediatric dermatology clinic patients in Kuwait: an analysis of 10,000 cases.

Skin diseases are common in children. However, only a very few prospective epidemiologic surveys are available in the literature. The present survey was directed at determining the spectrum and pattern of skin diseases of children in Kuwait. A total of 10,000 consecutive new patients were studied; 96% were children of Arab descent. A female preponderance (52%) was observed, and infants constituted the largest group within the patient population (28.7%). A total of 162 dermatoses were recorded. Atopic dermatitis was the most prevalent dermatosis (31.3%), followed by viral warts (13.1%), alopecia areata (6.7%), pityriasis alba (5.25%), psoriasis (4%), and diaper dermatitis (4%). Atopic dermatitis was the most frequently seen dermatosis in children of all age groups, whereas, viral warts were more prevalent in school-age children. The prevalence of alopecia areata and psoriasis was higher than reported earlier in other ethnic groups. A female preponderance was seen in children with alopecia areata, psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, contact dermatitis, and pityriasis rosea. Dermatitis, superficial cutaneous infections, and nevi/nevoid disorders were the important groups studied.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1992

Annular psoriasiform eruption with lymphocytic infiltration of the epidermis: a variant of acute psoriasis?

Disseminated annular psoriasiform lesions developed over a period of 2 months in a 48-year-old man with no preceding psoriatic history of drug intake, being accompanied by general dullness and arthralgia. Etretinate was effective for both skin eruption and arthralgia; only the latter recurred on its cessation 5 months later. However, histologic features examined by serial sections totally lacked those of pustular psoriasis; there were no neutrophils in the epidermis where massive T lymphocyte infiltration existed instead, in a fashion similar to that of early psoriatic lesions. We differentiated this peculiar annular psoriasiform eruption from the annular erythematous lesions noted in pityriasis rosea, erythema annulare centrifugum, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome and erythema chronicum migrans. It is our speculation that this dermatosis represents a variant of acute psoriasis, rather than annular pustular psoriasis. The histopathologic and immunohistologic findings suggest ongoing cellular immune responses in these lesions where some unknown inhibitory mechanisms might be operative against further production of neutrophil chemotactic factors that usually takes place in psoriatic lesions.

Acute Disease↗