SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERSONALITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Personality research: components of variance attributable to the person and the situation.

Studies involving personality and situational variables were surveyed. Studies permitting determination of main effects and interactions involving these variables have increased since 1950. In one comparison, situational main effects were significant in 65.5% of the cases, whereas the figure was 31% for individual difference variables and 59.9% for interactions. In another comparison, 35% of situational main effects accounted for more than 10% of the variance, compared with 29% for personality indexes; 19% of the situational variable effects accounted for more than 20% of the variance, compared with 14% of the personality main effects. Low percentages of variance were accounted for by all variables investigated: situational, personality, demographic, and interactions among these variables.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗

PubMed1993

Day persons, night persons, and variability in hypnotic susceptibility.

Day persons (those most alert during daytime hours) and night persons participated in 2 experiments to examine within-subject variability of scores over time on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A, and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C. Regardless of scale used, day persons exhibited peak susceptibility at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.; for night persons, peak susceptibility was found at 1 p.m. and between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Furthermore, 2 peaks of temperature increase (1 p.m. and 6 p.m.) appeared to be associated with peaks in hypnotic susceptibility. However, such was shown to be associated with periods of food intake rather than with increases in hypnotic susceptibility. Results are examined with respect to methodological concerns and the potential existence of ultradian rhythms for hypnotic responsiveness.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Personality, chronic medical morbidity, and health-related quality of life among older persons.

This article examines the main and moderating effects of 3 personality characteristics on the association between chronic medical morbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a large (N = 5,279) community-based older sample. Reasonably high unique contributions of neuroticism, mastery, and self-efficacy to HRQL were found. The additional amounts of variance explained beyond and above medical morbidity and age vary from about 4% (bodily pain) to above 30% (mental health). Little empirical evidence was found for the moderating effects of personality. In conclusion, personality characteristics such as neuroticism, mastery, and self-efficacy influence the reported levels of HRQL. The extent to which this is due to an influence of personality on true versus perceived levels of HRQL is unclear.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed2004

e-Perceptions: personality impressions based on personal websites.

This research examined the accuracy of personality impressions based on personal websites, a rapidly growing medium for self-expression, where identity claims are predominant. Eighty-nine websites were viewed by 11 observers, who rated the website authors' personalities. The ratings were compared with an accuracy criterion (self- and informant reports) and with the authors' ideal-self ratings. The websites elicited high levels of observer consensus and accuracy, and observers' impressions were somewhat enhanced for Extraversion and Agreeableness. The accuracy correlations were comparable in magnitude to those found in other contexts of interpersonal perception and generally stronger than those found in zero-acquaintance contexts. These findings suggest that identity claims are used to convey valid information about personality.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Personality correlates of employees' personal use of work computers.

The advent of the desktop computer has allowed organizations to help their employees become faster and more productive workers. Some employees, however, use their work computers in unproductive ways as well, such as sending personal email and playing computer games. We call this Personal Use of Work Computers (PUWC). Using a work computer for personal reasons deviates from many organizations' norms. In the current study, we surveyed employees at an educational institution and asked them to report how they use their computers at work. These respondents also answered questions related to their sensation seeking, impulsiveness, conscientiousness, and job satisfaction as well as demographic information. We found that people who use their computers in unproductive ways tend to be men, younger, more impulsive, and less conscientious. We also found that those who use their computers for riskier PUWC behaviors (like viewing sexual content) tended to have sensation seeking personalities.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The politics of mixing older persons and younger persons with disabilities in Federally assisted housing.

Beginning in the late 1980s, government-assisted housing for elderly persons, a popular and successful housing type, began to experience an in-movement of younger persons with disabilities. Advocates for the elderly population expressed alarm about the negative consequences for elderly persons of such "mixing" and of the turnover of this housing to other groups. Based on interviews with key participants and an analysis of documents, this article uses interest group theory and a model of agenda setting to explain why "mixing populations" attained prominence on the Federal housing agenda, the different perspectives of advocates for elderly individuals and younger persons with disabilities concerning the issue, and the implications of the conflict for housing policy and interest group politics.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: can the Five-Factor Model adequately represent psychopathy?

The present study examined Widiger and Lynam's (1998) hypothesis that psychopathy can be represented using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Participants in the study consisted of 481 21-22-year-old men and women who are part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Psychopathy was assessed by the degree of similarity between an individual's NEO-PI-R and an expert-generated FFM psychopathy prototype. The expert-based prototype supported the account of Widiger and Lynam (1998), as did the correlations between the NEO-PI-R Psychopathy Resemblance Index (PRI) and the individual personality dimensions. The PRI was also related in predicted ways to measures of antisocial behavior, drug use, and psychopathology. The results support the contention that psychopathy can be understood as an extreme variant of common dimensions of personality, and underscore the utility of a dimensional model of personality disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Towards finding the person in the data of personality.

This article is based on an address given on the occasion of receiving the 2000 Henry A. Murray award. The article presents a glimpse of my life story in personality and contributions to the field. These are placed in the context of observations about the recent history and sociology of the field. I outline some perspectives on the data that are collected and missing in personality research as well as the analyses that are conducted and those that are not conducted. These considerations identify both some persisting limitations in personality research and alternative analytic approaches that may prove useful in framing and answering new questions. Of particular promise are intensive studies that allow researchers to maintain a clear focus on the individual person.

Affect↗

PubMed1992

Psychodiagnosis of personality structure: psychotic personality organization.

Recent developments in Rorschach psychology, including nomothetic approaches focused on scores, ratios, and indices and idiographic approaches focused on content emerging from psychoanalytic theory, offer the Rorschach clinician a rich and potent interpretive methodology. This article examines the structural diagnosis of personality organization with a focus on psychotic personality structure. Rorschach approaches to the differential diagnosis of psychotic personality organization are presented. The Rorschach is viewed as indispensible in the differential diagnosis of personality organization, especially in the so-called "borderline" cases.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Exploring issues of personality measurement and structure through the development of a short form of the Eysenck Personality Profiler .

In this article, we develop a revised short form of the original Eysenck Personality Profiler (EPP; H. J. Eysenck & Wilson, 1991). In addition, we address topics of broad theoretical importance such as the recurrent empirical finding of correlations between conceptually orthogonal personality dimensions and the possibility that gender differences in these dimensions are partly spurious. In Study 1 (N = 227), we demonstrate that the existing short form of the EPP (EPP-SF; H. J. Eysenck, Wilson, & Jackson, 1996) provides a poor fit to the data and we develop a revised well-fitting version. In Study 2, we retest this version on an independent new sample (N = 3,374) where it is again found to fit the data well. We show that most of the structural and measurement parameters of the revised EPP-SF are invariant across genders. Structured means analysis indicated a significant gender difference in Psychoticism, with men scoring higher than women, but no differences in Extraversion or Neuroticism. Our discussion focuses on issues concerning personality measurement and structure, including an examination of the role of confirmatory factor analysis in personality research.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Utilization of medical resources in persons with DSM-III personality disorders in a community sample.

A community survey of 401 randomly selected subjects yielded 249 responders, of which twenty-six had DSM-III criteria personality disorders (PDs), and 167 had no personality disorder traits (controls). More PDs than controls were medically hospitalized during the last year (38% vs 17%, p = .006). A number of significant associations was found between the number of DSM-III personality trait questions answered in a positive fashion and medical utilization. These associations varied by gender. Most striking was the .50 correlation for females between flamboyant personality disorder scores and visits to the family doctor for mental health reasons.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Correlates of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Scales with selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scales.

The pattern of correlations between selected MMPI scales and the scales of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire were examined in a convenience sample of 88 patients who had received both tests. Time between tests (usually less than one year) did not affect the correlations, but MMPI response-set variables (L, F, K, F-K) did. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire harm avoidance scale and subscales had many correlates on the MMPI. The Novelty seeking scale and subscales showed a number of moderate correlations with a smaller number of MMPI scales; these correlations did not significantly exceed the correlations with MMPI response-set variables. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire reward dependence scale and subscales had few, if any, significant MMPI correlates. It was also noted that no Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire scales were related to MMPI repression factor scores.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Relationships of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire to mood and personality measures for depressed patients.

The relationships of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire dimensions to mood and to the Eysenck personality dimensions and Barratt's impulsivity scores are presented. Some aspects of temperament appear to be mood related, but most are not. Correlations with the other personality measures were largely as predicted. However, Exploratory Excitability correlated negatively with Harm Avoidance rather than with Novelty Seeking. Factor analysis supported this relationship. Reward Dependence was weakly represented by the other personality measures and may be tapping unique behaviours.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Investigation of the concurrent validity of a new personality inventory: construction of a new personality inventory by means of factor analysis based on promax rotation (II)].

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the concurrent validity of a new type of personality inventory (NPI) which has been constructed by the present authors. For this purpose, we conducted three kinds of studies. The first one was to find the relationship of the 13 scales of the NPI with the 12 scales of YG personality inventory. Factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis were employed for the study. It was found that the NPI measured relatively wider area of personality traits as compared with the YG inventory. The second and the third studies were concerned with the concurrent validity of the NPI. The inventory was applied to both six hundred company workers and two hundred university students, and they were classified into adjusted and maladjusted groups respectively according to their responses to a questionnaire aimed at measuring the adaptability to jobs or to majors. Results showed that the 13 scales of the NPI had a strong predictive power in the sense of the concurrent validity. Further studies are needed in order to measure the predictive validity of all the scales of the present personality inventory.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1996

[A study on the concurrent validity of personality inventory from the view of the Five Factor Model concerning personality traits].

By using the Adjective Check List (ACL) in its Japanese version, the concurrent validity of a personality inventory is investigated through canonical correlation analysis and procrustes factor rotation from the view of the Five Factor Model concerning personality traits. After describing the objective of the present paper, the principles both of canonical correlation analysis and of incomplete orthogonal procrustes factor rotation to be used are explained. And, following the description concerning samples and data for analysis, the results both based on the scales and on the items of the personality inventory are presented. The important role of procrustes type of factor rotation in editing personality inventory is stressed before closing the discussion.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The personality of obese persons in psychological tests with special consideration on latent obesity].

The results of psychological tests of the obese are inconsistent and no characteristic personality structure of the obese can be deduced from them. Investigations in childhood obesity failed to establish a general psychogenetic model of obesity. Yet overweight and ideal weight-subjects differ in spontaneous eating behaviour. Appetite and satiety of obese subjects are controlled by external stimuli to a far greater extent than in nonobese. From a behavioural scientific viewpoint it is proposed that learning experiences during childhood socialisation generate the disposition for obesity which can manifest itself later, after interaction with a special environment. At this stage, however, individual reactions to starting overweight are insolved; this process is strongly influenced by individual personality structures: an inadequate conflict management favours obesity; by cognitive control normal weight can be preserved in spite of the acquired disposition for obesity. Taking these "latently obese" as an example the role of personality structure and wrong eating habits is discussed and related to possible therapeutic strategies. A model of the psychogenetic basis of obesity is proposed. In this model eating-related learning experience is attributed a primary role and individual personality structure a secondary role in the psychogenesis of obesity.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Guidelines for meeting the communication needs of persons with severe disabilities. National Joint Committee for the Communicative Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities.

In summary, the current best practices in the facilitation and enhancement of communication among persons with severe disabilities reflect six major tenets: (a) communication is social behavior; (b) effective communicative acts can be produced in a variety of modes; (c) appropriate communicative functions are those that are useful in enabling individuals with disabilities to participate productively in interactions with other people; (d) effective intervention must also include efforts to modify the physical and social elements of environments in ways that ensure that these environments will invite, accept, and respond to the communicative acts of persons with severe disabilities; (e) effective intervention must fully utilize the naturally occurring interactive contexts (e.g., educational, living, leisure, and work) that are experienced by persons with severe disabilities; and (f) service delivery must involve family members or guardians and professional and paraprofessional personnel. These six tenets have resulted in assessment, intervention, and service delivery models that offer maximum responsiveness to the need to establish communicative repertoires that will allow persons with severe disabilities to function effectively in least restrictive environments--in productive interactions with others.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association↗

PubMed1975

[Correlations of the Personal Sphere Model and Rorschach Projection tests. (A factorial examination of the validity of the Personal Sphere Model using the Rorschach Test)].

The most important results of the factor analysis of 11 variables of the Personal Sphere Model and 14 variables of the Rorschach-Test have shown in both tests common radicals appearing in the evaluation as well of the structure of personality as of the behaviour of man. Both tests emphasize the possibility of objectivating pathological traits of personality: the difference consisting in the fact, that this traits are coming out more distinctly in the Rorschach-Test, while in the Personal Sphere Model the psychodynamic factors of the ability of building object relationships of overcoming seperations are appearing more clearly. The most relevant conformity of both tests is the possibility of distinctly projecting the defense mechanism of aggression.

Aggression↗