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PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-aided periodontal disease diagnosis using computer vision.

Periodontal diseases are the major cause of tooth loss. The study of the evolution of these diseases is crucial to achieve adequate planning and treatment. Depth probing is essential to know the periodontal disease stage. In this paper we present a new system for Computer-Aided Periodontal Disease Diagnosis using computer vision. The system automates the depth probing and incorporates a colour camera fitted together with a plastic probe that automatically and exactly obtains the depth probing measure. The system has been tested by several periodontists and with 125 teeth of different patients. The differences between the values taken by the system and two periodontists have not been significant.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

Selective expansion of T cells in gingival lesions of patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.

Chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases are characterized by a cellular infiltrate and are similar in many respects to other chronic inflammatory diseases. While periodontopathic bacteria have been recognized as the principal causative agent and the immune response to these bacteria is thought to be responsible for the tissue destruction, the full aetiological spectrum is still incompletely understood. In addition to many cell types such as polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages, T cells have been implicated in pathogenesis and are considered to have regulatory roles in progression of the disease. Based on our recent studies demonstrating biased expression of several Vbeta families in periodontitis tissues, the aim of this study was to characterize further the T cells relevant to the disease process by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (RT-PCR-SSCP) and subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR beta-chain. In spite of the likely involvement of numerous bacteria, the present study has clearly shown the oligoclonality of infiltrating T cells in periodontitis lesions in contrast to low clonality of peripheral blood T cells as evidenced by the appearance of distinct bands in gingival tissue samples and smear pattern of peripheral blood on SSCP gels. These were confirmed by the DNA sequencing of the CDR3 of Vbeta16 of selected samples. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated amino acid motifs in the CDR3 region of the periodontitis lesion-derived sequences from each patient. The results indicate that gingival tissue-infiltrating T cells recognizing a limited number of antigens or epitopes are involved in the disease process.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Role of "diseased" root cementum in healing following treatment of periodontal disease. A clinical study.

This clinical trial was undertaken to examine whether root debridement in the treatment of periodontal disease must include the removal of the exposed cementum in order to achieve periodontal health. The study included 11 adult patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease. In a split-mouth design, the dentition of each patient was by random selection divided into test- and control quadrants comprising the incisors, canines and premolars. Following a baseline examination, all patients were given a case presentation and a detailed instruction in self-performed oral hygiene measures. The patients were then subjected to periodontal surgery. Following reverse bevel incisions, buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated and all granulation tissue was removed. In 2 jaw quadrants (control quadrants) in each patient, the denuded root surfaces were carefully scaled and planed in order to remove soft and hard deposits as well as all cementum, using hand instruments and flame-formed diamond stones. In the contralateral quadrants (test quadrants) the roots were not scaled and planed but soft microbial deposits were removed by polishing the root surfaces with the but soft microbial deposits were removed by polishing the root surfaces with the use of rubber cups, interdental rubber tips and a polishing paste. Calculus in the test quadrants was removed by the use of a curette, but precaution was taken to avoid the removal of cementum. The flaps were repositioned to their original level and sutured. The patients were following active treatment enrolled in a supervised maintenance care program including "professional tooth cleaning" once every 2 weeks for a 3-month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Characterization of patients presenting for treatment to a university refractory periodontal diseases unit: three case reports.

BACKGROUND: Of the many forms of periodontal disease, refractory periodontal diseases are the least characterized. They are defined as the continued degeneration of the periodontium despite adequate management. This has led to the suggestion that there may be a systemic component that is a contributing factor to the development of this condition. The objectives of this report were to follow the progression of clinical changes associated with periodontal disease over a number of years in this unique population and review various hematologic and microbiologic factors that may be contributing to the disease progression. METHODS: Three subjects were profiled. They were referred to the Refractory Periodontal Disease Unit at the University of Toronto by periodontists or general practitioners in the Southern Ontario region. Complete medical and dental histories were obtained along with baseline clinical measurements. Periodontal examinations were facilitated with the use of a computer-assisted periodontal probe. A microbiologic analysis using immunofluorescence techniques was able to detect Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and spirochetes. A hematologic analysis, including a complete blood count (CBC), immune profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin assay, was also performed. RESULTS: The clinical presentation revealed that patients receiving adequate maintenance therapy and with good to excellent oral hygiene demonstrated sites with continual loss of attachment. Few periodontal pathogens were detected. However, the most significant finding appeared to be the report elevated levels of CD8+ cells within this group of patients compared to normal laboratory ranges. CONCLUSIONS: This report is an attempt at characterizing a unique population within the periodontal realm. The long-term monitoring of these patients allowed for an assessment of factors that may be involved in the continued decline of the periodontal health of these patients. Based on the immune profile, it is possible that a hyperresponsive state may be the primary feature of this population. Future assessments, including full-mouth interleukin (IL)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels, may assist in characterizing this population further, with the goal of producing markers that will assist clinicians in predicting treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immunopathology of periodontal disease. I. Immunologic profiles in periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis.

Eleven patients with periodontitis, ten patients with juvenile periodontitis and ten control subjects were studied to compare systemic and local immunologic responses and various other blood parameters. A more intensified immunologic response was seen in juvenile periodontitis as compared to periodontitis or controls as evidenced by: (1) greater number of plasma cells and lymphocytes in biopsy specimens of involved gingiva stained by Harris hematoxylin and eosin; (2) significant decrease in serum C4 levels and slightly elevated serum IgG levels as determined by radial immunodiffusion; (3) marked increase of positive fluorescing cells in biopsy specimens stained with antihuman immunoglobulin conjugate and an increase in complement deposition in the same tissues as determined by immunofluorescence. No significant differences among the two groups of patients and control subjects were observed with respect to complete blood counts, coagulation studies, or blood glucose levels. These findings suggest that the immunologic responses in periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis are qualitatively similar, but that the intensity of the response is greater in juvenile periodontitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The treatment of periodontal diseases with the preparation Linco-HAP].

Hydroxyapatite paste with lincomycin (linco-HAP) was for the time used for the treatment of such a prevalent disease as periodontitis. A follow-up of 380 patients demonstrated a positive therapeutic effect of this complex expressed in reduction of the depth of periodontal pouches and inflammation arrest, thus appreciably shortening the treatment duration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current research in diagnostic methods for assessing periodontal disease.

The management of chronic periodontal disease is beset with a numbers of diagnostic as well as therapeutic problems. Assessment of periodontal disease progression has been made mainly based on the conventional methods such as clinical parameters and radiographic interpretation. A high level interest in the development of diagnostic tests capable of detecting factors associated with progressing periodontal disease has continued in the past years. Recent research has shown evidence that certain microbial species and specific genetic and related factors are some strong indicators of susceptibility to severe periodontitis. Here an attempt is made to review the current trends and diagnostic tests used to assess the disease activity and predict its progression.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed2000

The influence of psychological stress on periodontal disease.

This paper reviews studies that investigated the association between psychosocial stress and periodontal disease. The impact of stress on the immune system has been well established, and a possible influence on a chronic inflammatory disease like periodontitis appears probable. Yet, a direct association between periodontal disease and stress remains to be proven, which is partly due to lack of an adequate animal model and the difficulty in quantifying amount and duration of stress and the detrimental effects of inadequate coping with stress. Multiple variables affecting the severity of periodontal disease and the uncertainty about the individual onset of periodontal disease complicate the issue further. Nevertheless, more recent studies indicate that psychosocial stress represents a risk indicator for periodontal disease and should be addressed before and during treatment.

Animals↗