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PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of Pasteurella anatipestifer: an approach to its classification.

Moraxella spp., Pasteurella spp., and strains of P. anatipestifer were tested for biochemical reactions, growth temperature, viability, antibacterial sensitivity, and DNA base composition. P. anatipestifer was viable for shorter periods at 37 C, showed high resistance to polymyxin B and kanamycin, and had lower base composition than reported for Moraxella and Pasteurella spp. Because of these conditions, P. anatipestifer should be excluded from the genera Pasteurella and Moraxella.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Isolation of a Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage].

Lysogenesis testing of 84 Pasteurella multocida strains resulted in detection of one lysogenic strain from which phage B225 was isolated. B225 lysed only one Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from cattle. The Pasteurella phage, when examined by electron microscopy, showed a hexagonal head and a non-contractile, Flexible tail, It could be attached, consequently, to Group B according to Bradley (1967).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new selective enrichment procedure for isolating Pasteurella multocida from avian and environmental samples.

A selective enrichment procedure, using two new selective media, was developed to isolate Pasteurella multocida from wild birds and environmental samples. These media were developed by testing 15 selective agents with six isolates of P. multocida from wild avian origin and seven other bacteria representing genera frequently found in environmental and avian samples. The resulting media--Pasteurella multocida selective enrichment broth and Pasteurella multocida selective agar--consisted of a blood agar medium at pH 10 containing gentamicin, potassium tellurite, and amphotericin B. Media were tested to determine: 1) selectivity when attempting isolation from pond water and avian carcasses, 2) sensitivity for detection of low numbers of P. multocida from pure and mixed cultures, 3) host range specificity of the media, and 4) performance compared with standard blood agar. With the new selective enrichment procedure, P. multocida was isolated from inoculated (60 organisms/ml) pond water 84% of the time, whereas when standard blood agar was used, the recovery rate was 0%.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Antagonistic action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relation to Pasteurella multocida strains].

Studied was the antagonistic action of 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward 48 strains of Pasteurella multocida. Use was made of the method of the delayed antagonism after Fredericq. Ps. aeruginosa organisms were found to manifest a strongly expressed antagonistic activity as regards P. multocida. All Pasteurella strains proved highly sensitive, and showed a zone of inhibited growth sizing from 20 to 70 mm. The antibiotic substance produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms was yielded better on solid nutrient media than in liquid ones. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains manifested bactericidal and not bacteriostatic action upon the studied strains of Pasteurella multocida.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1998

Rapid spread of a unique strain of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 among transported calves.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate and mode of infectious spread of Pasteurella haemolytica among calves maintained under typical conditions during collection, transport, and the first month of feeding. ANIMALS: 101 two- to five-month-old Angus-crossbred calves. PROCEDURE: Samples obtained from cattle prior to and after they were transported to a feedlot were used for isolation and characterization of P haemolytica. Samples were also obtained from additional calves, some of which were sick, and these calves were then commingled with the transported calves for 3 days. A strain of P haemolytica that contains a rare deletion of the 4.2-kilobase streptomycin- and sulfonamide-resistance plasmid was inoculated into both palatine tonsils of 12 calves. Nasal secretions were aspirated from the ventral nasal meatus. Tonsillar wash specimens were procured. Pasteurella haemolytica organisms were quantitatively cultured and identified on the basis of colony morphology and response to specific antisera. Plasmids were isolated by an alkaline lysis procedure and identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: A single plasmid profile was observed from P haemolytica isolated from samples obtained prior to shipment. Commingled calves were shedding P haemolytica containing each known plasmid profile. After shipment, samples contained P haemolytica isolates with each known plasmid profile. The plasmid profile of the unique P haemolytica isolate was recovered from all 12 inoculated calves and 10 other calves. Some calves simultaneously shed P haemolytica isolates with differing plasmid profiles. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 was horizontally transmitted among calves within days of commingling, which continued after calves were transported to a feedlot.

Animals↗
PubMed1957

Effect of pituitary adrenocorticotropic and growth hormones on the resistance of rats infected with Pasteurella pestis.

The influence of highly purified pituitary adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and growth (somatotropic, STH) hormones on resistance of normal, young adult rats infected with Pasteurella pestis organisms (EV 76) has been studied. The daily dosage of ACTH was 0.1 mg. (25 I.U per mg.) and that of STH was 1.0 mg. When these hormones were administered for 3 days prior to infection (1 LD(50)) and for 4 days thereafter, ACTH treatment resulted in a significant depression of resistance (p = < 0.001). The simultaneous administration of STH not only resulted in a definite counteraction of the depression (p = < 0.001), but resistance was increased to a level significantly above that of the non-hormone treated controls (p = < 0.001). Treatment with STH alone also showed a significantly higher protection when compared to the same controls (p = < 0.05). The results of experiments in which the challenge dose was 1 LD(50) suggested that greater alterations in resistance, whether it be a depression or enhancement, could be obtained by continuing hormone treatment after challenge instead of discontinuing on the day prior to challenge. When animals were treated with a relatively high daily dose (1.0 mg.) of ACTH and challenged with only (1/4) of an LD(50) of organisms, the majority of animals died within 4 to 7 days, whereas either the ACTH treatment or the bacterial dose alone resulted in no deaths. If the hormones were administered for 2 weeks prior to challenge with a high, toxic dose of organisms (4 LD(50)), and discontinued thereafter, there were significant differences in mortality in the various groups during the first 24 hours post challenge. The ACTH treated group showed a marked drop in resistance (p = < 0.001). STH, when given alone, exercised a significant protection (p = < 0.02), and in combination with ACTH, effectively counteracted the depression of resistance to acute, toxic deaths induced by the latter hormone (p = < 0.001). In this particular experiment, practically all animals died within 4 to 5 days, owing to the high challenge dose; the few survivors were in the group that had been pretreated with growth hormone. The maximal loss in body weight following an LD(50) challenge dose occurred by the 3rd day post challenge in all groups except in the ACTH-treated animals. At this time the LD(50) control group had lost an average of 14 gm. per rat, the STH group only 3 gm. per rat, whereas the group receiving both hormones lost an average of 7.5 gm. per rat. The ACTH-treated animals showed the greatest weight loss on the 4th day. Thus, under the conditions of the experiment, the beneficial effect of STH on the maintenance of body weight was demonstrated during the period of acute infection. The peak incidence of death in controls or hormone-treated animals following infection with 1 LD(50) of living organisms occurred on the 4th to 5th day post challenge; the earliest deaths occurred on the 3rd day, while the latest occurred on the 7th day. The peak incidence of death after the 4 LD(50) challenge dose occurred earlier, falling on the 2nd to 3rd day. Death was always accompanied by the characteristic gross pathology which results from infection with Pasteurella pestis organisms, particularly in the animals which succumbed after the 3rd day. Bacterial cultures usually revealed the presence of numerous Pasteurella pestis organisms in the spleen and heart blood at the time of death.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1971

Growth of male-specific bacteriophage in Pasteurella harboring F-genotes derived from Escherichia coli.

When either the F' lac or the F'Cm plasmid was transferred from Escherichia coli into Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis, the P. pseudotuberculosis (F') strains isolated formed plaques with both ribonucleic acid (RNA)-containing and deoxyribonucleic acid-containing male-specific phages. In contrast, strains of P. pestis harboring E. coli (F') plasmids did not form plaques with male-specific phages, although such strains permitted limited multiplication of phage MS2. The adsorption and burst size of MS2 were approximately the same in both species of Pasteurella, but the per cent of adsorbed MS2 that produced infective centers was much lower in P. pestis than it was in P. pseudotuberculosis. By use of a sib-selection technique of P. pestis (F') cells, we isolated a single clone that could form MS2 plaques. (32)P-labeled MS2 adsorbed equally to and its RNA penetrated equally into both the typical MS2-nonpermissive P. pestis cells and the MS2-permissive P. pestis cells. No host modification occurred after growth of MS2 in Pasteurella. Our data suggest that typical strains of P. pestis inhibit the intracellular development of phage MS2.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1999

Reduced serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and cholesteryl ester concentration in calves experimentally inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1.

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), the enzyme responsible for esterification of cholesterol in plasma, is reported to be implicated in the regulation of inflammation in laboratory animals. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible relevance of LCAT in the pathogenesis of calf pneumonia induced by inoculations of Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1 into the calf lung. Serum LCAT activity was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in calves inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica. The concentration of cholesteryl esters (CE), the product of the LCAT reaction, was also decreased in the inoculated group. Decreases in LCAT activity and the CE concentration were similarly observed in calves in which bovine herpes virus-1 was inoculated. In both bacteria- and virus-inoculated calves, CE concentrations in the high-density lipoprotein fractions were distinctly decreased, whereas those in the low-density lipoprotein fractions were practically unaltered. The acute-phase proteins haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were detected in sera from the bacteria- and virus-inoculated calves; however, the two acute-phase proteins were also found in sera from the control calves. These results suggest that decreases in LCAT activity and the CE concentration are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia induced by inoculation of calves with Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1, and also that the change in the LCAT system is more intimately related to the occurrence of calf pneumonia than the induction of acute-phase proteins such as haptoglobin.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Decreased apolipoprotein C-III concentration in the high-density lipoprotein fraction from calves inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1.

Lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations are known to be altered during the acute-phase response. We have previously shown that the serum activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and concentration of cholesteryl esters, both constituents of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, are reduced in calves inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1, the two major pathogens for calf pneumonia. The concentration of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), a low molecular mass protein component distributed mainly in the HDL fraction, was therefore examined in bacteria- and virus-inoculated calves. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that it was decreased by inoculations of Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1. The decrease was detected as early as 1 day after inoculation in both groups. A decreased serum apoC-III concentration was also observed by immunoblot analysis. It was detected in the HDL fractions from the bacteria- and virus-inoculated calves, and HDL apoC-III concentrations in the inoculated calves were decreased compared with controls. These results, coupled with the previous findings on LCAT activity and the cholesteryl ester concentration, indicate that a decreased HDL concentration is one of the early events occurring during the acute-phase response evoked by infections with Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

In vivo effect of Pasteurella haemolytica infection on bovine neutrophil morphology.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether characteristic changes in neutrophil morphology caused in vitro by Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (LKT) can be observed in vivo by electron microscopic examination of infected tissue chamber fluids and pneumonic lungs. ANIMALS: 7 mixed-breed beef calves. PROCEDURE: Tissue chambers were implanted subcutaneously in 3 calves and were inoculated with P haemolytica or phosphate-buffered saline solution. Chamber fluid samples, obtained at 8 and 32 hours after inoculation, were examined, using electron microscopy. Experimental pneumonia was induced in an additional 4 calves by transthoracic inoculation with P haemolytica. These calves were euthanatized at 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after inoculation and lung sections were examined, using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: On examination, using transmission electron microscopy, neutrophils in lung sections and tissue chamber fluids had cytoplasmic and nuclear changes indicative of irreversible cell injury, including cell swelling, loss of plasma membrane ruffling, mitochondrial swelling, autolytic vacuolation, disruption of plasma membrane, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis. On examination, using scanning electron microscopy, leukocytes obtained from tissue chambers did not have their typical convoluted surfaces, but appeared rounded and swollen or shrunken with pitted surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Pasteurella haemolytica-induced changes in neutrophil morphology in vivo were similar to those previously induced by in vitro exposure of neutrophils to LKT. Changes were suggestive of injury initiated by damage to the plasma membrane, which is consistent with the mechanism of action of pore-forming cytolysins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pasteurella haemolytica LKT appears to be an important virulence factor in vivo; a fact that should be addressed in the development of vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Serum-free culture of Pasteurella haemolytica optimized for leukotoxin production.

OBJECTIVE: To screen supernatants of Pasteurella haemolytica cultures grown in 4 serum-free culture media for maximal leukotoxin (LKT) production and minimal protein concentration as an optimal source of LKT for purification. SAMPLE POPULATION: One strain of P haemolytica biotype A serotype 1 originally isolated from the pneumonic lung of a calf. PROCEDURE: Pasteurella haemolytica was grown in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth, yeast-tryptone broth, RPMI-1640 medium, and McCoy's modified 5A medium. Culture biomass and protein concentration, LKT activity, and LKT concentration in culture supernatants were measured. Effects of media pH and supplementation with metal cations and glucose on growth rate of P haemolytica and culture supernatant parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Pasteurella haemolytica cultivated in BHI broth or RPMI-1640 medium containing 0.1 M phosphate (pH 6.8) produced the highest concentrations of LKT. Supplementation of RPMI-1640 medium with 0.36 mM FeCl3 or 1.0 mM MgSO4 further increased specific activity of LKT in culture supernatant, but addition of 1% glucose did not enhance LKT production. Leukotoxin production in MgSO4-supplemented RPMI-1640 medium was comparable to that in serum protein-supplemented medium. CONCLUSIONS: Although BHI broth was superior to RPMI-1640 medium for P haemolytica growth and LKT production, the higher protein concentration and lower LKT specific activity made BHI broth a less desirable medium, compared with RPMI-1640 medium. Growth rate and LKT production with minimal protein content was optimal in pH 6.8 phosphate-buffered MgSO4-supplemented RPMI-1640 medium. This medium can serve as a source of culture supernatant for purification of LKT.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Passive protection of mice with antiserum to neuraminidase from Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3.

Antiserum to a partially purified neuraminidase from Pasteurella multocida, type A:3, was adsorbed with protease-digested P. multocida type 3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to remove LPS immunoreactivity. The LPS-adsorbed antineuraminidase caused a 77% reduction in the neuraminidase activity of homologous P. multocida in an in vitro enzyme neutralization test. All 14 mice passively immunized with the adsorbed antineuraminidase were protected against challenge infection with homologous P. multocida in a mouse protection test. Ten out of 14 mice in one group that received antisera containing antibodies to both neuraminidase and LPS were protected. In contrast, only 1 out of 14 mice that were immunized with pre-immune serum survived the challenge. These results suggest that antiserum to P. multocida neuraminidase was, at least partly, responsible for the protection observed in this study. Neuraminidase may be one of the immunogenic protective proteins present in aqueous extracts of Pasteurella multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Puerperal Pasteurella multocida septicemia.

A case of Pasteurella multocida infection in a puerperal healthy young women is reported. The agent was isolated from vaginal discharge and blood cultures of the patient, and also from pets and poultry with which the patient was in contact. Although Pasteurella multocida septicemia is rare, awareness of this infection and adequate intensive antibiotic therapy may improve its prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pasteurella ureae meningitis as complication of skull fractures.

The case of a six-year-old boy who developed meningitis three months after a skull fracture is reported. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid yielded Pasteurella ureae. A two-week intravenous course of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resulted in full recovery. Two of the other four cases of Pasteurella ureae meningitis reported in the literature occurred after skull fractures, and one after intracranial surgery. The child described here is the youngest reported patient with meningitis due to this rare pathogen.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed2000

Lipase activity from strains of Pasteurella multocida.

Thirteen clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida from a variety of different animals and humans were examined for their ability to produce lipase. Lipase substrates used included Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 80, and Tween 85. Lipase activity was detected in the filtrates of organisms grown to the exponential phase in Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 defined media (RPMI-1640), but activity increased in the filtrates when the cultures were allowed to proceed to the stationary phase. All strains examined (except for serotype 2) showed lipase activity against at least one of the Tweens. Tween 40 was the best substrate to demonstrate lipase activity. Pasteurella multocida serotype 8 produced the most active lipase against Tween 40 (3,561.7 units of activity/microgram of protein). This activity continued to increase after P. multocida entered a stationary growth phase. P. multocida lipase activity was optimal at pH 8.0. Lipase activity of P. multocida serotype 8 was eluted from a Sepharose 2B column at several points, indicating that several lipases may be produced in vitro by this organism. These data demonstrate that clinical isolates of P. multocida produce lipase; therefore, this enzyme should be considered a potential virulence factors for this organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Pasteurella multocida meningitis in infancy - (a lick may be as bad as a bite).

UNLABELLED: Pasteurella multocida is the commonest cause of local infection after an animal bite, but is an unusual cause of meningitis. We report a case of P. multocida meningitis occurring in a 7-week-old infant which was contracted after non-traumatic contact with a household pet, that is, without any animal bite or scratch. The organism may be easily confused with more common Gram-negative pathogens. In this case, it was initially incorrectly diagnosed as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); a possibility which has important implications in the era of routine use of Hib vaccine in infant immunisation programs. CONCLUSION: Pasteurella multocida is an unusual, but serious cause of meningitis in infancy. It is potentially preventable by the avoidance of contact between young infants and the saliva of household pets, in particular by assiduous hand hygiene.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pasteurella multocida endocarditis: report of a case.

The present case involves a 48-year-old male patient who presented with Pasteurella multocida endocarditis associated with preexisting mitral valve stenosis. A mitral valve replacement was successfully performed after 3 weeks of intravenous infusion with antibiotics. Pasteurella multocida is a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. Therefore, people who have frequent contact with these animals should be examined periodically for signs of infection.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Effects of environmental temperature, relative humidity and vaccination on Pasteurella haemolytica in lungs of mice.

Groups of mice were kept in four combinations of environmental temperature (8 and 20 degrees C) and humidity [50 per cent and 90 per cent relative humidity (RH)]. The mice were anaesthetized and inoculated intranasally with Pasteurella haemolytica growing logarithmically. Groups of 11 mice were killed at 0.5 h intervals for 6 h after inoculation and the number of colony-forming-units (CFU) of Pasteurella haemolytica in the lungs was determined. The CFU in the lungs of mice were affected by a significant interaction of temperature, relative humidity and time after inoculation (P less than 0.01). From 0.05 to 5.0 h after inoculation, fewer CFU were found in the lungs of mice kept in 8 degrees C 50 per cent RH than in mice kept in 8 degrees C 90 per cent RH, 20 degrees C 50 per cent RH and 20 degrees C 90 per cent RH. In each environment, CFU in the lungs of mice increased from inoculation to approximately 3.5 h after inoculation and then decreased (P less than 0.01). In a similar experiment in an environment of approximately 20 degrees C and 50 per cent RH, there were significantly fewer CFU in the lungs of mice vaccinated intranasally 21 days earlier with live P. haemolytica than in the lungs of mice either vaccinated intranasally with formalized P. haemolytica or not vaccinated with P. haemolytica (P less than 0.01).

Animals↗