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Results for “PARASYMPATHOLYTICS”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Incontinence surgery in females with motor urge incontinence.

Forty-one consecutive female patients were operated on despite the finding of motor urge incontinence; they were reinvestigated six months to two years after operation. Seventeen of the patients had associated symptomatic genital prolapse and were operated without previous pharmacological treatment. The remaining 24 patients were resistant to parasympatholytic treatment. The method of operation was based on vaginal examination and evaluation of bladder suspension defect at voiding-cystourethrography. Cure and improvement rate was 73 per cent. Cystometry was normalized in 30 per cent of all patients and in 45 per cent of patients with preoperative detrusor instability on provocation only. Disappearance of detrusor instability as well as normalization of a bladder suspension defect was associated with a good result. Motor urge incontinence should not contraindicate incontinence surgery on females selected and treated as in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Augmentation ileo-cystoplasty in women with disabling urge incontinence].

The results after "clam"-augmentation cystoplasty are assessed in 11 consecutively operated women aged 35-78. All were suffering from severe urgency. Eight were urge-incontinent and six of these stress-incontinent as well. Nine patients had been operated before with a total of 14 operations. Bladder distension and parasympatholytic medication had been tried in two and seven instances respectively. One patient died of a pulmonary embolism three weeks postoperatively. Follow-up ranged from 12-52 months, mean 29 months. Eight (80% (44-97)%) of the remaining 10 patients were cured with respect to urgency. One patient was improved, and one unchanged. Three (60% (15-95)%) out of five previously stress-incontinent patients were dry, one was improved and one unchanged in spite of a subsequent stamey urethrosuspension. Eight patients (80% (44-97)%) had spontaneous micturition, one used self-catheterisation once daily and one patient was retained on an indwelling catheter. It is concluded that augmentation cystoplasty is a procedure of considerable value in patients with disabling non-neurogenic urgency, where conservative therapy and previous surgery has failed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Management of patients with acute asthma: what do we know? What do we need to know?

Management of patients with acute, severe asthma mandates the use of comprehensive monitoring and aggressive therapeutic drug regimens. Global clinical and objective assessment criteria can help determine the severity of the acute episode and will also help determine optimal management protocols. The response to aggressive therapy, rather than the initial severity of the attack, predicts outcome. Beta 2 sympathomimetic agents are the treatment of choice for acute asthmatic episodes. Aminophylline and parasympatholytic agents may be useful adjuvants, but more data are needed before firm conclusions can be reached regarding risk-benefit ratios. The optimal timing of steroid therapy is not yet known, but even this form of treatment is slow in producing results.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Transportation-related disease or motion sickness].

The manifestations of motion sickness result from neurovegetative effects linked to a change in the data used by the equilibration function in spatial integration. The syndrome is an adaptation to a physical environment that is different from that in which we live. Although each type of situation involves manifestations with a certain specificity, there is a general table of cinetoses. For the person who must face an environment at risk (usually for professional reasons), it is necessary to obtain active and voluntary adaptation by repeated exposure to the triggering conditions. The occasional traveler can use preventive or curative drugs which usually associate parasympatholytic agents and amphetamines. Despite the association of the latter, the risk of lowered attention level is large enough to preclude this type of treatment in anyone assuming responsibility in transportation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Cardiovascular effects of atropine on acupuncture, needling with electrostimulation, at Tsu San Li (St-36) in dogs.

Acupuncture, needling with electrostimulation, at Tsu San Li (St-36) produced (1) significant decrease in cardiac output, (2) decrease in stroke volume, (3) increase in total peripheral resistance, and (4) minimal changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and central venous pressure in dogs under halothane anesthesia. Atropine given alone and given before acupuncture at Tsu San Li (St-36) produced (1) early significant increase in cardiac output, (2) early significant increase in heart rate, (3) increase in mean arterial pressure, (4) decrease in total peripheral resistance, and (5) minimal changes in stroke volume, pulse pressure, and central venous pressure in anesthetized dogs. It was concluded that the effects of acupuncture at Tsu San Li (St-36) were parasympathomimetic-like and that these effects could be blocked by atropine, a parasympatholytic drug.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1996

[Sleep modifies anticholinergic mydriasis].

In sleep, the eyelids are closed and the pupils narrow. The pupil width indicates alertness and, if it is narrow, sleepiness. The deeper the sleep, the narrower the pupil: miosis during drowsiness, sleep, sedation and general anesthesia relies on reduced inhibition of the oculomotor nucleus and, even more, on reduced sympathetic tone (it is as sympatholysis that accounts for the miosis exerted by the famous "cocktail lytique" onto an iris whose sphincter is weakened from briskly elevated IOP in angle-closure glaucoma). For whatever reason a lack of sympathetic tone occurs, a poor response to anticholinergic mydriatics will be the consequence. This communication is concerned with children who received tropicamide, cyclopentolate or atropine for diagnostic pupil dilation and cycloplegia but, during subsequent sleep, exhibited an unsatisfactory mydriatic response that could be overcome by additional administration of phenylephrine. Thus, parasympatholytic mydriasis can be proven to be a function of the sympathetic tone. The pupil shrinks during deep sleep even after atropine. If the conditions of deep sleep, sedation or general anesthesia are present and mydriasis needs to be maintained, an additional administration of a sympathomimetic compound is mandatory.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1977

Intrapartum fetal cardiac arrest. A preliminary observation.

In 13 patients, episodes of transient fetal cardiac arrest were observed in a group of 594 extensively monitored labors during a given 3-year period. The number of episodes per patient ranged from one to six, with a maximal duration of cardiac arrest (R-R interval) being 5.2 seconds. All of the patients responded to changing maternal position or termination of pregnancy except 1. This patient received Atropine as a premedication for cesarean section. The parasympatholytic properties of Atropine minimized the severity of cardiac arrest. The effect of cardiac arrest on fetuses is not clearly shown in these preliminary observations. The prompt elimination of cardiac arrest is thought to be imperative in reducing perinatal loss. Cardiac arrest is though to be an extensive form of severe variable deceleration. The hypothesis is made that these fetuses had an unbalanced autonomic nervous system and/or an overwhelming vagal tone. If these signs are detected early by fetal monitoring, attention should be paid to the possibility of cardiac arrest.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2000

Drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children (other than desmopressin and tricyclics).

BACKGROUND: Enuresis (bedwetting) is a socially unacceptable and stressful condition which affects around 15-20% of five year olds, and up to 2% of young adults. Although there is a high rate of spontaneous remission, the social, emotional and psychological costs to the children can be great. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of drugs other than desmopressin and tricyclics on nocturnal enuresis in children, and to compare them with other interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE to June 1997; AMED; ASSIA; BIDS; BIOSIS Previews (1985-1996); CINAHL; DHSS Data; EMBASE (1974 to June 1997); PsycLIT and SIGLE. Organisations, manufacturers, researchers and health professionals concerned with enuresis were contacted for information. The reference sections of obtained studies were also checked for further trials. Date of the most recent search: July 1997. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials of drugs (excluding desmopressin or tricyclics) for nocturnal enuresis in children were included in the review. Trials were eligible for inclusion if: children were randomised to receive drugs compared with placebo, other drugs or other conservative interventions for nocturnal bedwetting; participants with organic causes for their bedwetting were excluded; and baseline assessments of the level of bedwetting were provided. Trials focused solely on daytime wetting were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the eligible trials, and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: None of the drugs (phenmetrazine, amphetamine sulphate/ephedrine + atropine, furosemide (sic) or chlorprotixine) were better than placebo during treatment. The numbers were too small to draw reliable conclusions, and none are used in current practice in the UK. Imipramine (a tricyclic) was better than each of the three drugs with which it was compared (meprobamate, ephedrine sulphate and furosemide) even though the numbers were small. Alarm treatment was better than drugs in one small trial. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There was not enough evidence to suggest that the included drugs reduced bedwetting. There was limited evidence to suggest that imipramine and alarms were better, and in other reviews, desmopressin, tricyclics and alarm interventions have tentatively been shown to be effective.

Child↗