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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The diagnostic efficacy of mammography and palpation in early detection of breast cancer.

The diagnostic efficacy of mammography and physical examination, separately and considered together, are evaluated in 912 cases of breast cancer detected at the Center for Social Diseases of the Florence District, where there is a mass-screening program (110 cases) and a diagnostic service for self-referred women (810 cases). The overall sensitivity of the 2 methods increases with age; the trends of diagnostic efficacies of mammography and palpation according to age are similar, except in the 40-44 year age group, in which physical examination has a lower percentage of false-negative cases. In the screening group, there is a greater proportion of nonpalpable cancers and mammography has a larger diagnostic efficacy except in the 40-44 year age group. These results agree with the better sensitivity of mammography in smaller lesion (TI) and with the larger proportion of noninterpretable mammographies in younger women, because of the density of mammalian glands.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The teaching/learning process in uterine palpation and measurement: the effect of practice].

The present study related to the teaching-learning process concerning the uterine measurement and palpation technique, it was intended to analyze the influence practice had on the Undergraduation Nursing students' skills acquired knowledge by the use of that technique. Applying a standard instrument previously developed for this study, the students' evaluation was carried out in two phases. The results showed a significant improvement in the students' performance skills and descriptive knowledge. Thus, this study was able to stress the importance of practice for the motor-perceptive skills in the teaching-learning process.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1981

Accuracy in preoperative estimation of prostatic size. A comparative evaluation of rectal palpation, intravenous pyelography, urethral closure pressure profile recording and cystourethroscopy.

In a prospective study of 75 patients with prostatic hypertrophy a comparison was undertaken of the accuracy in estimates of operative prostatic weight from conventional preoperative investigations. Estimates from rectal digital palpation alone and from intravenous pyelography (prostatic impression, elevation of the bladder base as well as the configuration of distal ureters) were without significant correlation to operative weights, and were not found useful for preoperative estimation of prostatic size. Prostatic length in urethral closure pressure profile measurements as well as the distance from bladder neck to verumontanum and the weight estimated at cystourethroscopy were statistically significantly correlated to operative weights with a coefficient of correlation in the order of 0.5 and were judged useful, although not very precise in the clinical work.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: comparison between thyroid palpation and ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the thyroid and compare our results with direct palpation versus ultrasound scanning (USS) in an area of endemic goiter in Italy. METHODS: We considered all patients submitted to ultrasound-guided FNAB of thyroid nodules during a 10-month period at our outpatient clinic and analyzed the following: (1) clinical data (number of nodules and identification of the nodule for FNAB); (2) USS data (number of nodules and identification of the nodule for FNAB on the basis of hypoechoic pattern + blurred perinodal halo + microcalcifications or intranodal color Doppler signal indicative of blood flow); (3) cytologic specimens, categorized as suspicious, malignant, negative, or nondiagnostic; and (4) histologic final report of the cytologically positive nodules. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 348 female and 72 male patients who underwent FNAB of the thyroid at our institution. Among the 140 patients with no palpable thyroid nodules, USS showed that 106 had a single nodule and 34 had multinodular goiters. Among the 182 patients with a single palpable thyroid nodule, USS revealed that 138 had a single nodule, 42 had a multinodular goiter, and 2 had lobe enlargement without detectable nodules. All 98 patients with multinodular palpable goiter had a similar pattern on USS. Of the 420 cytologic specimens, 46(11.0%) were positive for thyroid cancer, 313 (74.5%)were negative, and 61 (14.5%) were nondiagnostic. Histologic malignant growth was confirmed in 27 cytologically positive nodules. Of these histologically malignant nodules, 12 (45%) were nonpalpable, 9 (33%) were single palpable nodules, and 6 (22%) were from a nodule with a suspicious ultrasound pattern within a multinodular goiter. CONCLUSION: Manually guided FNAB is not feasible in nonpalpable nodules and not accurate in a multinodular goiter. Both situations are clinical challenges, and USS should be performed for accurate FNAB under these circumstances. Because 52% of histologically malignant nodules in our study were found only with the aid of ultrasound-guided FNAB, this procedure should be used where multinodular goiter is endemic. Our overall rate of nondiagnostic specimens was comparable to that reported in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early detection of canine hip dysplasia: comparison of two palpation and five radiographic methods.

Hip joint laxity was evaluated in four breeds (i.e., greyhound, Labrador retriever, Irish setter, hound mixed-breed) of puppies (n=32) by Ortolani's and Bardens' maneuvers, by subjective assessment of radiographs (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals [OFA] method), and by four radiographic measurement indices. Puppies were studied at four, six-to-10, 16-to-18, and 52 weeks of age. The purpose of this study was to compare palpation and radiographic methods of hip laxity detection in puppies for predicting the development of degenerative joint disease (DJD) by one year of age. Twenty-seven (42%) hips developed DJD. Ortolani's method was not a reliable predictor of hip dysplasia at six-to-10 weeks; it was significantly predictive at 16-to-18 weeks but had a high incidence of false negatives. Bardens' and subjective (OFA) assessment methods were not reliable at six-to-10 or 16-to-18 weeks. Radiographic measurements taken with femurs in a neutral position and hips distracted (distraction index [DI] and Norberg angle) and measurements taken with femurs extended in OFA position (Norberg angle) of six- to 10-week-old puppies accurately predicted DJD occurrence by one year of age (p less than 0.01). Distraction index measurement (PennHIP method) was the most accurate in predicting the development of DJD (p less than 0.001). Distraction index radiography in puppies six-to-10 and 16-to-18 weeks of age was the most reliable predictor of hip dysplasia. Norberg angle measurement was more reliable during hip distraction than when hips were measured in the OFA position in 16- to 18-week-old puppies, but had similar reliability in six- to 10-week-old puppies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Accuracy of precordial palpation for detecting increased left ventricular volume.

Objective data on the reliability of precordial palpation in detecting left ventricular enlargement are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated 41 patients by physical examination and two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the relation between the location of the apex and left ventricular end-diastolic volume. An apical impulse lateral to the mid-clavicular line or greater than 10 cm from the mid-sternal line was sensitive but not specific as an indicator of left ventricular enlargement. In patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, an apical diameter greater than 3 cm in the left lateral decubitus was sensitive (92%) and specific (91%) for an enlarged left ventricle. The positive and negative predictive values were 86% and 95% respectively. Therefore, the location of the apical impulse in relation to the mid-clavicular line or the mid-sternal line is not a reliable indicator of increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume. However, an apical impulse greater than 3 cm may be an accurate indicator of left ventricular enlargement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pulse palpation on cardiac arrhythmia in coronary care patients.

In a study of 62 coronary care patients, 31 of whom exhibited types of cardiac arrhythmia, the frequency of ectopic beats changed significantly when a nurse palpated the pulse. This finding suggests that autonomic responses to human contact can significantly alter the rate of ectopic impulse generation. These findings further suggest that studies of cardiac arrhythmia should attend to the nature of the social field in which data are collected.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Physical diagnosis--percussion and palpation of liver].

Percussion and palpation of the liver can produce useful information regarding size, consistency and the surface of the lower liver edge. However, the accuracy of the physical examination of the liver is limited, especially concerning the predictive value of the absence at physical examination of hepatomegaly (> or = 15 cm liver width in the right midclavicular line) for the absence of a truly enlarged liver. Also, the inter-observer variability may be considerable. These limitations of the test may be partly due to a number of pitfalls and misconceptions concerning physical examination of the liver.

Hepatomegaly↗
PubMed1991

[Manual palpation of the uterine scar following vaginal delivery in previous cesarean section--is it really necessary?].

85 vaginal deliveries following a previous cesarean section were registered during a period of 10 years. After 43 deliveries a palpation of the uterine scar had been carried out. In 42 cases the observation of clinical progress and of the laboratory parameters was preferred. An uterine rupture did not occur. This appears to justify the more expectant attitude in controlling the uterine status after vaginal deliveries following a previous cesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Remarks on the psychological and cultural problems encountered in self-palpation for the early diagnosis of breast neoplasms].

It remains quite difficult, both psychologically and culturally, to perform and to correctly perform self-palpation of the breast. The present work attempts to investigate the causes of these difficulties and to identify the education needed to create a harmonious relationship with one's own body. This relationship is based essentially on representations of the structure and image of the body. The results of a survey conducted among the student midwives at the Isernia School of Obstetrics are also reported and reveal a widespread desire to delegate responsibility for the problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Intra- and interobserver reliability of passive motion palpation of the lumbar spine.

Sixty student volunteers were assessed for fixation in the lumbar spine using a passive motion palpation protocol. Subjects were examined in random order by two experienced chiropractors. Every subject was evaluated twice by each examiner. Fixations were judged present or absent for each of five lumbar motion segments. Moderate test-retest agreement beyond chance was noted at L1/2, minimal reliability at L4/5, and no significant agreement within examiners was detected for mid-lumbar segments. Interexaminer agreement beyond chance was poor for all segments assessed. When segments were grouped regionally and re-evaluated, some increase in intrarater agreement was evident, especially at L4/5/S, but interrater agreement was still absent.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1989

Reliability of motion palpation procedures to detect sacroiliac joint fixations.

The purpose of this study was to assess the inter- and intraexaminer reliability of the Gillet-motion palpation procedure using 10 qualified chiropractors and 11 patients with a sacroiliac joint problem. Intraexaminer reliability was found to be statistically significant for all agreement scores investigated. Interexaminer reliability was found to be statistically significant for some of the agreement scores investigated but not for others. Severity of the low back problems did not seem to influence intra- or interexaminer agreement scores; however, chiropractor expertise did. High expertise was associated with lower intraexaminer agreement scores than low expertise. This finding is in contradiction with traditional beliefs and reported findings. The gait of the patient group was found to be significantly different from that of normal subjects as noted in an earlier report.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mammographic and palpation findings in the irradiated spared breast.

Between 1983 and 1987, 22 women underwent breast-preserving treatment for T1 (n = 19) or T2 (n = 3) cancer. Axillary surgery was performed in 17 patients and axillary node "sampling" in one patient, while 4 patients had no axillary surgery. Radiotherapy was begun no later than six weeks after operation. The patients had the first post-treatment follow-up examination at 1 month to 41 months after irradiation. Six of the patients had more than one follow-up examination. According to the length of the follow-up period, there were two different groups of patients. Fourteen patients had the first follow-up examination at 1 month to 10 months after completion of radiation treatment. Eleven breasts (79%) had solid consistency as well as radiological edema. Six of the breasts had signs of severe edema seen during the first 6 months. At the second or third examination, if made after 10 months, the signs of edema decreased or disappeared. Eight patients examined for the first time at 12 to 41 months after radiation treatment had no radiological signs of breast edema and only 3 of the breasts were solid. The present results suggest that post-treatment mammograms are not useful during the first 6 months after irradiation and that the value of palpation is limited to at least 10 months; in selected patients these periods can be considerably longer.

Breast↗
PubMed1986

[Additional images and subsequent palpation--indispensable conditions for efficient diagnosis using mammography].

As adjuvant to standard two-view mammography with craniocaudad and oblique projection additional mammographic views are required to definitely establish a diagnosis in about 30% of patients. These are further views of the entire breast in other planes, repetition of standard mammographic projections, special views of parts of the breast and of the axillary region and tangential spot films. In case of nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities additional views help to study the constancy of the findings (superimposition effect?), the diagnostic significance (occult carcinoma?, parenchymal asymmetry?, benign or malignant microcalcification?) and to determine the topographical position of the lesion. Not uncommonly palpatory findings can be picked up mammographically only by special views, often they require further views in other planes for better delineation of the lesion. The important correlation of palpatory and mammographic findings is frequently possibly only with tangential spot films. Only personal physical examination by the mammographist will ensure the appropriate use of additional mammographic views. This concomitant palpation should be carried out immediately before mammography and especially after completion of mammography while viewing the mammographic images. Additional mammographic views make it possible to improve the diagnostic accuracy of numerous malignant and benign lesions of the breast and of the axilla. Conclusive proof of the benignity of a lesion and thus prevention of an unnecessary biopsy is mostly only possible by means of additional special views. This includes superimposition effects, tumorlike asymmetry, lipomas, fibroadenolipomas and oil cysts all of which amount to 12% of all patients in our material.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Efficiency of palpation in clinical detection of breast cancer.

An annual clinical screening test for breast cancer must be simple, brief and efficient. The traditional physical examination of the breast is time-consuming, mainly because of the complicated maneuvers necessary to inspect for retraction. Palpation with the patient supine, however, can be performed quickly. Of 286 primary breast cancers 96% (275) were palpable as a lump, and this was the only clinical sign in 55%. Retraction was the sole clinical sign in only 1%. The combination of retraction and a solid lump is a very specific but not very sensitive test for breast cancer. Retraction in this series was not related to the size of the primary tumour but among the women with a cancerous breast lump was significantly more likely to be found in those over 44 years of age, being present in 52% of these women but only 10% of the younger women. Inspection of the breast can therefore safely be detected from screening breast examinations, whether performed by the physician or the patient.

Adult↗