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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The response of evidential breath alcohol testing instruments with subjects exposed to organic solvents and gases. III. White spirit exposure during domestic painting.

The concentration of white spirit vapour in the breathing zone of a volunteer engaged in domestic painting activities has been investigated. Air was continuously sampled and analysed using an infra-red gas analyser (Miran) during painting experiments. Both indoor and outdoor painting tasks were undertaken using commercial paints in a wide variety of situations. For each task the time weighted average (TWA) exposure has been determined. In no case did the TWA exposure exceed the Occupational Exposure Limit-Long Term Exposure Limit (OEL-LTEL) of 100 ppm. The results have been used to discuss the significance of previous studies in which volunteers were exposed to white spirit vapour in an exposure chamber to test for possible interference in breath alcohol testing.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1974

Biochemical and toxicological response of infant baboons to lead driers in paint.

In an effort to define the toxicology and disposition of lead compounds that presently exist in paint (i.e., organic driers), a controlled dose feeding study was initiated early this year with the use of 28 infant baboons as experimental animals. The infant baboon, established as a metabolic model for a child ingesting lead, will be used to determine the adequacy of present as well as recently recommended limitations for lead in paint to assure protection from this potential source of lead exposure. To accomplish this goal, research has been designed to determine basic dose-response relationships in animals ingesting constant daily doses of a dried paint, a lead octoate drier, and lead acetate. Doses for these compounds have been chosen to cover a broad range of concentrations including that recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics from the maximum daily permissible lead ingestion, and associated estimates of paint intake by children with pica. PARAMETERS OF METABOLIC RESPONSE FOR EACH LEAD COMPOUND, INCLUDE: general clinical surveillance, lead concentrations in blood, urine and feces, erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and free erythrocytic porphyrin. The response of several of these measures of lead exposure as a function of time will be discussed for each compound at the several dose levels administered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

The link between composition and balance in masterworks vs. paintings of lower artistic quality.

In painting, composition is commonly defined as the two-dimensional arrangement of elements within the canvas. Each element is considered to have a perceptual weight. The arrangement of these weighted elements determines how balanced a painting is. It has been suggested that due to superior composition, masterworks may be more balanced than works of lower artistic quality. We tested this hypothesis by instructing our participants to rate masterworks and selections of lower artistic quality on balance. This hypothesis was not supported. Second, it has been suggested that rearranging elements within a painting may have a more detrimental effect on composition (and by extension balance) in masterworks than in selections of lower artistic quality. This view associates works of higher artistic quality with visual rightness, thereby predicting that compositional change would be more likely to cause deviations from a visually right state in masterworks. We tested this hypothesis by displacing an element within each painting to a different location, and measuring the effect on balance. In accordance with recent findings in the literature, we also took into account the severity of the compositional alterations. The results demonstrated that compositional alteration affected balance ratings equally across masterworks and selections of lower artistic quality. These results demonstrate that, although balance is a function of compositional structure, balance on its own is not sufficient to distinguish between works of varying artistic quality. To the extent that balance is considered a function of composition, the results suggest that masterworks are distinguished from works of lower artistic quality for reasons other than solely composition.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Analyzing radiation-induced complex chromosome rearrangements by combinatorial painting.

Cornforth, M. N. Analyzing Radiation-Induced Complex Chromosome Rearrangements by Combinatorial Painting. Radiat. Res. 155, 643-659 (2001). Prior to the advent of whole-chromosome painting, it was universally assumed that virtually all radiation-induced exchanges represented a simple rejoining between pairs of chromosome breaks. It is now known that a substantial proportion of such exchanges are actually complex, meaning that they involve the interaction of three (or more) breaks distributed among two (or more) chromosomes. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the implications of aberration analysis using whole-chromosome painting, with emphasis given to newer combinatorial painting schemes that allow for the unambiguous identification of all homologous chromosome pairs. Such analysis requires reconsideration of how resulting information is to be handled for the purposes of tabulating and communicating raw data, quantifying aberration yields, and presenting experimental results in a cogent manner. Facilitating these objectives requires the introduction of certain concepts and terminologies that have no counterpart in conventional cytogenetic analyses.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Differences in reactions to paintings by male and female college students.

38 male and 55 female college students rated digitized color facsimiles of 40 paintings that varied in artistic period (Renaissance, Rococo, Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, 20th Century) and subject matter (portrait, landscape, still life, behavior depiction) on 12 7-point semantic differential scales, e.g., simple-complex. Women judged the content of Rococo and Impressionist paintings as more pleasing than did men and Impressionist paintings evoked greater feelings of pleasure and relaxation among women than among men. In addition, paintings that depicted behaviors evoked more pleasure and alertness among women than among men. The results were interpreted in terms of underlying differences between men and women in perceptual style and emotional sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Temporary health effects from exposure to water-borne paints.

Temporary health effects of exposure to experimental paints were studied. Ten painters feeling nuisance from water-borne paints and eight painters not feeling such nuisance applied eight experimental water-borne paints according to normal work routines. The effects were a decrease in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and peak expiratory flow, an increase in urine excretion, and a decrease in urine density. A small, but statistically highly significant, increase in the mean volume of erythrocytes was observed. The effects were similar in the two groups, but the "nuisance group" reacted with a larger urine excretion and a larger increase in the mean volume of erythrocytes. The effects did not influence physical work capacity. The effects on the lungs and urinary excretion were probably not associated with the organic solvents or ammonia in the paints. Instead, they were probably due to derivatives of isothiazolinone. This assumption needs verification.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Integrative painting therapy. A therapeutic concept for psychiatric inpatients at the University clinic in Graz].

Integrative painting therapy is a therapeutic concept for the treatment of psychiatric patients. It combines medical and therapeutic treatment strategies. The painting group is the main component of this type of therapy. Its focus is to capture psychodynamic processes by means of "inner pictures". The creative process of painting causes these pictures to become visible; the pictures are then worked upon. Interpreted in accordance with specific rules, the pictures reflect the psychopathology of different psychiatric disorders as well as their development throughout the therapeutic process. The pictures also serve as a starting point for group, single or family therapy. The patients quickly gain access to their emotions and become aware of conflicts which form the basis of their psychodynamics. Their progress through therapy becomes apparent and can be documented by means of the pictures. The structured course of the painting sessions provides additional information. The integration of various aspects, e.g. the phenomenology of the pictures, statements of patients about their pictures, or the behaviour of the patients within the group, serve to increase our fund of diagnostic information. Major aspects of this therapeutic concept are the development of teamwork and the establishment of close contact within the team. This makes it possible to apply different concepts within the program, in accordance with the needs of each patient. The integration of different approaches of treatment promotes the development of a therapeutic environment that supports forces of self-healing and growth in specific stages of therapy.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of dermal exposure during airless spray painting using a quantitative visualisation technique.

The range of dermal exposure to non-volatile compounds during spray painting was studied in a semi-experimental study involving three enterprises and 12 painters. A fluorescent tracer was added to the paint and deposition of the tracer on clothing and uncovered parts of the skin was assessed using video imaging and processing techniques. A container (volume 36 m(3)) was sprayed with a colourless laquer (varnish) containing 66.7 mg/l fluorescent whitening agent. All painters sprayed the outside of the container. Nine painters repeated the painting a second time and five also sprayed the inside of the container. The painters wore white Tyvek coveralls, but no gloves. Duration of spraying the outside ranged from 4 to 21 min with a mean of 10 min and the amount of paint sprayed ranged from 3.0 to 12.8 l (mean 6.6 l). The mass of tracer deposited on the coverall ranged from 2.2 to 471 microg (90th percentile 256 microg), whereas, mass deposited on skin (i.e. the hands, wrists, and face) ranged from 0.01 to 52 microg tracer (90th percentile 20 microg). The quantity of tracer on the coverall was three times higher after spraying the inside of the container compared to spraying the outside, whereas the quantity on the skin was similar in both cases. On average 10% of the surface area of the coverall and skin was exposed during spraying the outside. Exposures, expressed in units of mass per area exposed were slightly higher for skin compared to coverall. In this study, deposited mass of tracer was correlated with an alternative exposure metric, i.e. surface area exposed multiplied by the duration of exposure, which has been proposed as a surrogate for uptake. Using a quantitative fluorescent tracer technique, it could be demonstrated that body parts which showed the lowest mass of tracer had the highest exposure as mass per surface area. Compared to other techniques which only determine mass, the ability to identify and quantify the actual surface area exposed is a clear advantage of the quantitative fluorescent tracer technique.

Air Movements↗
PubMed2000

Trompe l'oeil painting for the scientific illustrator.

Trompe l'oeil is a French term meaning fool-the-eye. When this concept is applied to the art of painting, the painted objects must look as convincingly real as do the actual objects. With the scientific illustrator having a background of rendering concepts which are realistic and accurate, he or she should have no trouble moving into the trompe l'oeil fine art field. The author lists the necessary aspects of why a trompe l'oeil painting is different from a realistic scientific illustration, a still life, or a landscape painting.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1975

Hazardous substances. Determination of pentachlorophenol in toy paints.

A simple procedure is described for the routine determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in various types of toy paints. PCP can be determined in water colors, body colors, showcard paints, gouache paints, and colored inks. PCP is extracted from the sample with acetone, followed by quantitative gas chromatographic analysis of the concentrated acetone extract on stainless steel columns containing 15% Carbo-wax 20M on 60-80 mesh Chromosorb P (AW). As little as 1 ppm PCP can be determined with recoveries ranging from 50 to 100%, depending on the type of paint. The presence of PCP in samples is confirmed by thin layer chromatography, using dansyl chloride as a fluorescent labeling compound. By this method as little as 4 ppm can be determined. The results of PCP determinations in 65 commerical samples are presented.

Absorption↗
PubMed2001

[Paintings and their progress by psychiatric inpatients within the concept of integrative art therapy].

Integrative painting therapy is a therapeutic concept for the treatment of psychiatric patients. It combines medical and therapeutic treatment strategies. The drawing and painting group takes the central part of this type of therapy. Its main focus is to capture psychodynamic processes with "inner pictures". Due to the creative process of painting the psychodynamic process becomes visible and can subsequently be worked on. According to specific rules the pictures reflect the psychopathology of different psychiatric disorders as well as their development throughout the therapeutic process. The pictures also serve as a starting point for group-, single and family therapy. The patients quickly gain access to their emotions and realize possible conflicts, which form the basis of their psychodynamics. Progress throughout therapy becomes visible and can be documented with the pictures. The structured course of the painting sessions provides additional information. The integration of various aspects helps expand our diagnostic frame.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Microdissection and chromosome painting of plant B chromosomes.

Plant chromosome microdissection techniques together with different isolation and amplification methods of microisolated DNA are described. Such isolated DNA was used to 'chromosome paint' B chromosomes of the dicot Brachycome dichromosomatica and the monocot Secale cereale. It is demonstrated that the specific painting of the described chromosomes was possible because of enrichment for chromosome-specific repetitive sequences, rather than the chromosome specific low- and single-copy sequences which are responsible for the painting of mammalian chromosomes. The feasibility of 'chromosome painting' of standard chromosomes in plant species with relatively small or large genomes is discussed.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed2002

[Comparative chromosome painting shows the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) has a highly conserved karyotype].

We have established a comparative chromosome map between red panda (Ailurus fulgens, 2n = 36) and dog by chromosome painting with biotin-labelled chromosome-specific probes of the dog. Dog probes specific for the 38 automates delineated 71 homologous segments in the metaphase chromosomes of red panda. Of the 38 autosomal paints, 18 probes each delineated one homologous segment in red panda genome, while the other 20 ones each detected two to five homologous segments. The dog X chromosome-specific paint delineated the whole X chromosome of the red panda. The results indicate that at least 28 fissions (breaks), 49 fusions and 4 inversions were needed to "convert" the dog karyotype to that of the red panda, suggesting that extensive chromosome rearrangements differentiate the karyotypes of red panda and dog. Based on the established comparative chromosome homologies of dog and domestic cat, we could infer that there were 26 segments of conserved synteny between red panda and domestic cat. Comparative analysis of the distribution patterns of conserved segments defined by dog paints in red panda and domestic cat genomes revealed at least 2 cryptic inversions in two large chromosomal regions of conserved synteny between red panda and domestic cat. The karyotype of red panda shows high degree of homology with that of domestic cat.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Airborne contact allergy provoked by kathon in water-based plastic paint].

We describe two cases of airborne contact allergy to plastic paint containing Kathon. Two women with known kathon allergy, aged 33 and 50 years, developed severe dermatitis and systemic reactions after painting their homes with water-based plastic paint with Kathon as preservative. Both required treatment with systemic steroids. On return to their homes, the symptoms immediately recurred, and they were forced to stay away for several weeks afterwards. Patients allergic to Kathon should be informed of the risk of airborne contact allergy when exposed to paints preserved with Kathon.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The human in the art: Henrik Have's painting for a medical thesis].

A painting made by the Danish painter and author Henrik Have (born 1946) illustrates the front page of Jette E. Kristiansen's medical thesis The Antimicrobial Activity of Psychotherapeutic Drugs and Stereo-isomeric Analogues (1990). The painting illustrates beautifully that art and science can go hand in hand. Even very complicated chemical, pharmacological and microbiological questions can be expressed by means of colours and by means of symbols used in everyday life, such as a spiral (DNA), or a pair of hands expressing working together. Prayers, wishes and the most difficult questions in receptor stereo-chemistry in eucaryotic and procaryotic cell-systems are illustrated in this painting. Synthetic chemistry and pharmacology are linked in the development of the synthetic dyes. The chemical colours are often the same in dyes and drugs. The red colour in the pharmacology is associated with the antibiotic drugs as sulfonamides as well as with the staining of Gram-negative bacteria. The yellow colour is associated with the antibiotic drugs, quinolones and the Ziehl-Neelsen staining for tubercle bacillii. The blue colour is associated with the psychoactive drugs, phenotiazines, as well as with methylenblue staining and the staining of Gram-positive bacteria. These association and symbols have been used in this painting.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Effect of ULV malathion on automotive paint finishes.

The relationship between malathion droplet size (VMD) and degree of damage to 1990, 1K and 2K General Motors paint standards was investigated in the laboratory and field. Laboratory tests indicated a positive correlation between malathion droplet VMD and damage spot size. Laboratory settling chamber tests revealed that size-thresholds of droplets too small to cause visible damage averaged 8 and 11 mu on washed 1K and 2K paints, respectively. Field tests indicated malathion caused no visible damage to 1K or 2K paint panels under routine operating conditions, although droplet sizes (VMD) sampled on the automobile surface averaged 10.2 +/- 4.5 and 11.7 +/- 5.7 mu. Microscopic damage was found on paint panels placed on the hood, roof, trunk and doors of the automobile when parked parallel or perpendicular to the course of the spray truck and when driven through the spray of a stationary spray truck.

Automobiles↗
PubMed2005

The conditions and perception of work during painting behind screening.

OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to reveal whether airborne solvent concentrations during painting behind screening are comparable to solvent concentrations during painting indoors, what factors potentially influence work conditions during painting behind screens, both positively and negatively, and what can be done to eliminate the disadvantages of screening. METHODS: Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC), climate, light, and noise were made at three sites during 1 day each. VOC were measured at another 10 sites, again during 1 day each. Questionnaires were sent to painters working in 305 firms. RESULTS: The results of the first series of measurements (exposure to VOC) ranged from 3.4 to 22.9 mg/m3 with a geometric mean of 11.7 and a geometric standard deviation of 2.1. This range was less than the level expected in well-ventilated rooms. In the second series of measurements, with a few exceptions, the concentrations of the individual compounds were below 1 mg/m3. In both series, the exposure index was generally < or = 0.05. The advantages of working behind screening were more certainty of work during the winter months, better temperature conditions, better quality of work, less draft, and less temperature fluctuation. CONCLUSIONS: Painting behind screening, as studied in this project, results in low exposure to VOC when compared with indoor situations. The main factors that need to be improved are temperature, lighting, view from the workplace, and ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Alkyd paint for scientific and medical illustration.

Within the past decade, alkyd paint was introduced as one of the leading contenders for a new color painting medium. The paint has been proven to be durable and to blend as easily as oil. Because of the ideal drying time for easy blending and because of its durability and versatility, alkyd paint is an excellent choice for medical and biological illustrators.

Medical Illustration↗