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PubMed1981

Capacities for integration, Oedipal ambivalence, and imaginary companions.

The phenomenon of imaginary companions in early childhood has been approached from the standpoint of capacities for ego integration. A limited review of the literature has been presented, along with a brief discussion of the development of synthetic functions and the growth of an integrated personality structure. The fantasy of an imaginary playmate has been examined as representing latent deficiencies in ego integration that become manifest with the rise of Oedipal conflicts. The case study of Susan was chosen to illustrate this process. The differential course of this stage of development for boys and girls is thought to require differential degrees of synthesis, and is presented as an explanation for the recurrent empirical finding that imaginary companions occur more frequently among female children. The ambivalence created in the child's relationship with the mother has been explored as a critical facet of this process, and the relationship of these early difficulties with integration to later psychopathology has been briefly addressed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

A guide to differentiated developmental diagnosis with a case demonstrating its use.

The great influx of children needing assessment has presented all diagnosticians with a large body of patients whose conflicts are relatively unfamiliar ones. These children do not fit into the expectable pattern of normal development, nor is an adult-oriented frame of reference of much help in understanding them. What seems needed is a schema in which the developmental deficiencies of these children are related to their present functioning. This paper introduces a guide covering five aspects of development. The guide gives descriptions of normal functioning at ages 0 to 1 1/2, 1 1/2 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 10, and also shows the persistence of this functioning as it is reflected in the attitudes, feelings, and behavior of primary school children. A case illustration is presented that demonstrates the use of the guide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Self psychology as an avenue to pre-oedipal experience.

Currently much attention is being devoted to narcissism and self psychology. The work of Kohut and his followers has allowed previously maligned aspects of personality such as narcissism to be viewed as part of the normal developmental process of achieving self. Self psychology has gained the attention of psychotherapists previously not enamored with classical psychoanalysis. The author views self psychology as a new twist in a highly viable tradition that has opened the doors to psychotherapeutic intervention in some of the more difficult aspects of personality development. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate the interplay of psychosexual development and the development of self, the application of self psychology to the treatment of psychosomatic disorders, and the similarity of narcissistic and co-dependent issues. The vignettes reflect difficulties not only seen in those often referred to as mentally ill, but also in those characterized as the "worried well." Dyer warns that not responding to the suffering of the "worried-well" may be one of the great unmet health needs of our time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

From benign mirror to demon lover: an object relations view of compulsion versus desire.

This article addresses the terrifying power of the father as a dynamic force within the psyche of the female. Its particular focus is on how the psychodynamic form of father internalization within the female effects her creative process and her creative work. Two cases vignettes of female writers are used to illustrate the interaction of traumatizing parental behavior and the daughter's incestuous desire on promoting compulsions and inhibitions in creative work. Writing blocks will be seen as a symptom of trauma and psychic conflict that has taken place in the oedipal and post oedipal years, as opposed to the creative compulsions that result from primal stage preoedipal trauma.

Compulsive Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Father and daughter: historical identification, present attachments and the question of passionate involvement.

An extended case description is used to illustrate and explore the notion that some children can identify with parental historical experiences as a defense against oedipal passions and mature involvement. Emphasis is placed on the nature and sequelae of a father-daughter relationship, as a function of the father's Holocaust experiences where he passed as a Christian and his post Holocaust experiences with a daughter born to him after the war. The value of adding analytic group therapy to individual analytic work is also discussed in terms of its significance as a potential activator of otherwise latent material that may lay dormant in the dyadic setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The formation and development of individual and ethnic identity: insights from psychiatry and psychoanalytic theory.

This paper describes the concept of identity formation, examining the historical development of identity, particularly ethnic identity. The author distinguishes the normative developmental achievement of self and group identity with pathological identity diffusion due to an earlier attachment disorder. The clinical case of a young male's experience of his Persian family's immigration to a new host country details the challenges encountered in ethnic identity formation and its interference in consolidating this ongoing process. The complicated task of self identity formation during this phase of development in the face of parental unresolved and ambivalent attitudes toward their own sense of threatened self and group identity diffusion is discussed. Parental intrapsychic conflict combined with environmental conflict such as racism, prejudice, and more recent paranoia toward Middle Eastern immigrant families interferes further with the normal identity formation process. The paper elaborates the compromised bicultural identity of a youngster who struggles through his developmental life phases.

Child↗