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PubMed2000

Low prevalence of psychoses among the Hutterites, an isolated religious community.

OBJECTIVE: The authors estimated the prevalence of psychoses among the Hutterites in Manitoba, Canada, who lived in 102 communal farms or colonies. The study stemmed from an earlier epidemiological survey of North American Hutterite colonies (1950-1953), in which a low prevalence of psychoses was documented. METHOD: Psychiatrically ill individuals identified during the previous survey were rediagnosed with DSM-IV criteria. A current provincial health insurance claims database was queried anonymously for the period June 1992-May 1997, and the prevalence rate of disease among Hutterites, identified by distinctive surnames and unique postal addresses, was compared with the rate in the entire population of the province of Manitoba and in a comparison group of persons with Hutterite surnames but with addresses outside the Hutterite colonies. RESULTS: The annual prevalence of schizophrenia among the communal Hutterites, estimated from the database search by using ICD-9 criteria, was consistent with the prevalence found in the prior epidemiological survey (annual mean of 1.2/1,000 population, compared with 1.3/1,000 in the prior survey). The database search yielded a significantly lower prevalence for schizophrenia and other functional psychoses among communal Hutterites as well as among the comparison group, compared to the total Manitoba population. There was also lower prevalence for affective psychoses and adjustment reaction disorders among the communal Hutterites, compared to the total Manitoba population. Rates for neurotic disorders were elevated both among the communal Hutterites and the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of specific psychoses was reduced among the Hutterites, although neurotic disorders were more prevalent. These findings suggest some specificity, although possible artifacts such as ascertainment bias must be considered. Further research is needed to examine genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to reduced prevalence of specific psychoses among the Hutterites.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1996

[Difficult patients in the sleep laboratory--nCPAP therapy in psychiatric patients with sleep apnea disorders].

160 unselected patients under suspicion of sleep apnea were examined polysomnographically, 26 patients (16%) had relevant psychic disorders, which were classified according to ICD-10 by the psychiatric consultant. Affective-depressive disorders (n = 12) and neurotic disorders (n = 11) were diagnosed. Depression in 3 patients was primarily diagnosed in the sleep laboratory. A proper anamnesis can supply the doctor with helpful hints for psychic disorders. These disorders can complicate or prevent the diagnosis and therapy in the sleep laboratory.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of stress and personality structure on the onset and severity of the clinical picture of psoriasis].

On a sample of 38 psoriatic patients we tried to determine the relationship between neurotic disorders (operationalized MMPI) and the number and hazardous effects of stressful events on the one hand and the severity of the clinical picture and the time of the onset of psoriasis on the other. In our sample neurotic disorders are much commoner than in the general population indicating that they might represent one of the most significant factor of etiology, complications and prevention. The last hypothesis is based on the results showing that neurotic psoriatics develop psoriasis significantly later than non-neurotics. We haven't attained a profile of a typical neurotic person because neurotic disorders are manifested through different symptoms. The average number of stressful events was found significantly higher in more severe forms of psoriasis compared to the milder forms. Finally, a remark has been made about benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of psoriasis and the inclusion of psychotherapy in the treatment of psoriatic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Treatment of neurotic sleep disorders with the use of V. E. Frank's logotherapy].

V. E. Frankl's logotherapy is a useful method of treatment in the psychotherapy of neuroses. Its systematic approach to reorientation, the assistance it provides is adopting an optimistic outlook on life, and its dynamic character and comparative limitation in time make it ideal for outpatient therapy. Patients easily adopt its two recommendations, the "paradoxical intention" and "dereflection", and these have a capacity for overcoming symptoms. This frees the patient sufficiently to make it possible for him to deal with the causes of his crisis. Through analyzing his conflict with the environment he can arrive at a new synthesis and find a meaningful philosophy of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Psychiatric morbidity in cohabitants of community-dwelling elderly depressives.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of living with a depressed elderly individual on the mental health of the cohabitant carer. METHOD: Case-control study comparing rates of psychiatric morbidity in cohabitants of depressed versus well elderly. SETTING: Community sample. PARTICIPANTS: 44 couples, one partner with AGECAT depression, and 44 couples, one partner diagnosed well by AGECAT. Cohabitants were matched for gender, age and physical health status. All subjects were aged 65 years and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Odds ratio of case or subcase depression and/or neurotic disorder in cohabitants of depressed elderly. RESULTS: 28/44 (64%) cohabitants of depressed subjects were cases (N = 9) or subcases (N = 19) of depression, neurotic disorder or both, compared to 13/44 (29%) cases (N = 1) or subcases (N = 12) in cohabitants of well subjects (OR = 6.33, 95% CI (1.7-18.3), p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study reveals high levels of psychiatric morbidity, primarily depression and anxiety symptoms, in the cohabitants of depressed community-dwelling elderly. This suggest that living with a depressed elderly person may have an adverse effect on the mental health of the cohabitant. Increased recognition of the potential psychiatric morbidity in this group is needed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood migraine in Nigeria. II: Psychosocial aspects.

The Social class of 298 children with migraine, together with the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among them was studied, as part of a Community-based survey of childhood migraine in Enugu. A significantly greater proportion of the children belonged to the uppermost social classes. Also, a higher incidence of neurotic disorders occurred among the migraineurs than among age and sex-matched controls. Behavioural disorder was not significantly influenced by social class. With regard to intelligence, the migraineurs were not intellectually superior to the controls and none of them was mentally retarded.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis and comparative evaluations of the costs of supports and treatments of schizophrenia, affective psychosis, paranoia and neurosis].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to show, trough the calculation of the direct costs of supports and treatments actually provided by a NHS Mental Health Department, the presence of associations between four diagnostic groups (schizophrenia, affective psychosis, paranoia and neurotic disorders) and their overall and items (community care, rehabilitation facilities and in-patients services) costs. SETTING: Mental Health Department and CSM "Scalo" (NHS Mental Centre), AUSL "Città di Bologna", Emilia-Romagna Region. DESIGN: Yearly direct costs were calculated for a sample (n = 75) of all patients (N = 745) who during 365 days had more than four contacts with CSM and also for four randomised diagnostic groups (n = 30 per group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We calculated unit costs of 15 types of services provided by CSM, selected according to the yearly number of services provided and the time spent by each health professional, and the in patient-cost per all days spent in a public or private sector hospital for psychiatric care. RESULTS: The statistic analysis, performed with the help of the Kruskal-Wallis test, showed significantly higher overall costs for the schizophrenic patients than the sample-group and the neurotic disorders-group; besides a significant difference in the item costs for rehabilitation facilities was found between the schizophrenic group and the paranoia, neurotic disorders groups and the sample one, whereas no significant differences in costs of inpatients services and drugs administration were tested between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study allow to demonstrate that there are cost differences between the diagnosis (direct costs are highest for schizophrenic patients and lowest for those with neurotic disorders) and that the costs evaluation can be used to ensure appropriate provisions to Mental Health Department for support and treatment of a wide range of psychiatric disorders.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMed1997

Psychiatric disorder in young adults in Jamaica.

INTRODUCTION: Much research into psychiatric disorder in Jamaica has investigated psychotic illness but studies of neurotic disorders are lacking. This study investigated psychiatric disorder in a group of mainly urban, lower social class, young adults who had been regular clinic attenders as a physically healthy control group in a cohort study of sickle cell disease. METHOD: The study was cross-sectional in design. Subjects, 44 male and 45 female, were aged 18 to 20 years at the time of the study. The Psychiatric Assessment Schedule was used to determine psychiatric disorder at Index of Definition level 5. RESULTS: All subjects approached participated. Rates of psychiatric disorder were 6 (14%) in the male group and 16 (36%) in the female group. There were no psychotic disorders. In the group as a whole, psychiatric disorder was associated with female gender, unemployment, difficulties with social adjustment and number of episodes of physical illness in the 6 months prior to interview. Variables associated with psychiatric distress amongst males included not having a steady relationship, unemployment, criminal activity and difficulties with social adjustment. Variables associated with psychiatric distress amongst females included lack of domestic amenities, not having a mother at home, lack of education, unemployment and social adjustment difficulties. CONCLUSION: Rates of psychiatric disorder were higher than expected, especially for women. Larger studies are indicated to investigate the prevalence of neurotic disorders amongst young people in Jamaica, compared to similar groups in other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Tattooing and self-mutilation of the skin in neurotic character disorder].

Self-tattooing is a form of self-mutilation and may sometimes come close to an 'artefact'. Self-tattooing as an action of autoaggressive self-mutilation or self-destruction is not always necessarily psychotic in nature; it may also be found in patients in whom a depressive personality structure is accompanied by strong masochistic tendencies at a neurotic level. The masochistic excess expresses subconscious guilt and aggression as well as a primitive sense of autonomy. Close collaboration between dermatologist, psychiatrist and psychotherapist is necessary to provide an effective treatment for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inpatient sociodemographic and diagnostic study from a psychiatric hospital in Libya.

Sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of 1009 patients admitted to the Psychiatry Hospital, Benghazi (Libya) in one calendar year are reported. Five hundred and four (50%) were 'first admission' cases. There were an average of 2.05 admissions for each 'readmission' case. Eighty nine percent of patients were of Libyan origin, of whom 62% were males; 66% were between 15-34 years of age, 37% were married, 28% were unemployed and 16% were in military service. ICD-9 schizophrenic psychosis was the commonest diagnosis (39%), followed by affective psychosis (17%), neurotic disorders (12%), organic psychosis (8%) and acute psychosis (7%). Neurotic depression was the commonest type of neurotic disorder and antisocial personality was the commonest among personality disorders. Relationship of sociodemographic variables with major diagnostic categories was studied in Libyan patients. Sociodemographic profiles of 'first admission' and 'readmission' cases of Libyan origin were also compared. These findings are discussed in relation to the sociocultural context.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults living in institutions.

This paper presents prevalence data from the 1994 OPCS survey of psychiatric morbidity among adults permanently resident in institutions catering for people with mental health problems in Great Britain. It describes briefly the survey methods used, and how diagnoses of psychiatric morbidity were derived. Its main aim is to show the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in different types of institutional settings. Residents were eligible for the survey if they were aged 16 to 64 at the date of sampling and were permanently resident at the establishment. Residents were defined as permanently resident if they had been living in the sampled establishment for six months or more, or had no other permanent address, or were likely to stay in the establishment for the foreseeable future. In 1994, about 33,200 adults aged 16 to 64 were permanently resident in accommodation for people with mental health problems. About a third of residents were in NHS hospitals, while about two-thirds were in residential care facilities. About two-thirds of adults interviewed suffered from schizophrenia, delusional and schizoaffective disorders. About 8% suffered from neurotic disorders and 8% suffered from affective psychoses (mainly bipolar affective disorder). The prevalence of schizophrenia, delusional, and schizoaffective disorders was higher in hospitals than in residential care, while the prevalence of neurotic and related disorders was higher in residential accommodation. The prevalence of schizophrenia, delusional, and schizoaffective disorders was higher in NHS psychiatric hospitals and general hospital units than in private hospitals, clinics or nursing homes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Somatic neurosis in middle-aged Hindu women.

Somatization in neurotic disorders was noted as a significant complication in their classification. Besides being an aspect of other neurotic disorders somatization becomes primary and chronic neurotic problem running true to type for several years in some patients. Recent evidence indicated that the syndrome "Somatic Neurosis" occurs not only in Muslim women but in middled-aged women of other communities too. A group of 20 middle-aged women with somatic neurosis were compared with an equal number of age-matched Neurotic Depressive patients. The former had significantly lower scores on Hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression and higher scores on the Intrafamily Interpersonal Trust Scale. The groups, however, did not differ on Srole's Anomia scale scores. It was argued that the good expressed interpersonal trust with specified family members in contrast to the high anomia indexes, a particular dynamic in the family. The study points to the need for further study of this condition.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The correlation of stress and neurosis vulnerability in the structure of nonspecific resistance to extreme factors in intact and pregnant rats].

White male rats, intact and pregnant females were subjected for 3 days to deprivation of paradoxical sleep by the technique of Jouvet. The main resulting vectors of the extreme state outcome, i.e., lethality, susceptibility to stress, and neurotization, made it possible to establish corresponding levels of resistance. A relationship of each of the levels with the ability to form conditioned reflexes, initial functional interhemispheric asymmetry and behavioural status, expression of protective reactions and paradoxical sleep under conditions of an insoluble conflict situation was followed. High resistance of pregnant rats is considered to be associated with the formation of gestational ambilaterality of the brain of intact animals. Such an increase in resistance is selective as far as it concerns the organism of the pregnant and it does not ensure stability of the feto-maternal complex under extreme conditions. It was established that there was an inverse relationship between the expression of neurotic disorders of the higher nervous activity and vegeto-morphological features of acute stress. This gives reason to define more exactly the role of neurotic disorders in the pathogenesis of stress and mechanisms of resistance to extreme factors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between neurotic symptoms and neurotic diagnosis: a longitudinal study.

Symptoms of anxiety, panic, depression, hypochondriasis and phobias were recorded serially over a 2-year period in 78 psychiatric patients with depressive, anxiety and phobic neuroses. It was hypothesised that if there was a clear-cut relationship between symptom type and diagnosis the current classification of neurotic disorder would be supported. The results showed great temporal variability of anxiety and depressive symptoms. These symptoms were also poorly related to diagnosis. Phobic symptoms, however, were relatively consistent over time. The findings suggest that classifications of neurotic disorder based on presenting anxiety and depressive symptoms are unsatisfactory and that many patients could be classified as a single mixed disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: agreement on diagnosis comparing child and parent interviews.

Similar structured diagnostic interviews about the child were given by different interviewers to a cohort of 307 mother-child pairs. A diagnosis was made by computer on each interview, using specified criteria. Diagnoses on mother-child interviews were compared using the kappa statistic. Kappas of .30 or higher were found for the diagnosis of antisocial personality, conduct disorder, enuresis, mixed behavior-neurotic disorder, and possible depression. Comparisons were made for sex and age. Possible depression and enuresis were diagnosed reliably at all age levels and for both sexes. The limitations of the interview and diagnostic system used are discussed. The findings support the need for further efforts to develop diagnostic research interviews for use with children and adolescents.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Predictors of assaultiveness in latency age children.

The authors evaluated the presence of assaultive behavior in 103 children, aged 6-12 years, seen in the psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services of a municipal hospital. No racial or ethnic differences were found. Boys were significantly more assaultive than girls and used fire setting and hitting with objects more often. Inpatients were significantly more assaultive than outpatients. Children with conduct disorders, specific developmental disorders, and mental retardation were more assaultive than those with neurotic disorders. Multiple regression analysis showed that the child's past aggressive behavior, absence of anxiety and depression, and parental assaultive behavior were the best predictors of assaultive behavior.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1994

[Prognostic criteria of behavioral pain treatment in groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The effectiveness of behavior therapy programs for the treatment of pain of various origin can be regarded as proven. However, there is a general lack of information about prognostic and indication criteria. These questions were investigated by means of a controlled, cognitive-behavioral orientated clinical study on 79 patients with the certified diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. While our study was also able to prove short-term effectiveness for all patients, some exhibited regressive effects during the six-month follow-up period. A lack of regular practice and the presence of neurotic disorders were responsible for this instability. Patients who already have neurotic disorders prior to arthritis should accordingly be given more intensive psychotherapy. In this exceeding a standard-program psychotherapy can be dealt with the disease-related and other psychosocial problems and conflicts on an integrative basis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Chronic neurotic and depressive disorders as posttraumatic reactions in the Polish Siberians.

The study "Chronic depressive and neurotic disorders as posttraumatic reactions in the Polish Siberians" focuses on the effect of traumatic factors in the form of chronic distress on mental and physical state. Test results confirmed earlier clinical observations of depressive and neurotic disorders, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a reaction associated with an event a threat to life or to physical integrity, during with a person experience sever distress.

Adult↗