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PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal washing cytology. Uses and diagnostic criteria in gynecologic neoplasms.

Review of a 20-month experience with 241 peritoneal washes performed on 191 patients showed that the use of these specimens has expanded greatly. Of the 19 patients with neoplastic cells in their peritoneal washing cytology specimens, 12 had primary ovarian neoplasms, 4 had primary uterine cervical neoplasms, 2 had primary endometrial neoplasms, and 1 had mammary carcinoma metastatic to the ovary. Gynecologic oncologists at this institution are now routinely obtaining peritoneal washing cytology specimens whenever there is intraabdominal surgery on patients known to have or suspected of having a pelvic neoplasm. The following criteria were found to be essential to the accurate evaluation of these specimens: (1) cells considered to be malignant should be present both singly and in groups and should be malignant by the usual cytologic criteria, (2) the patients must have or be known to have had a neoplasm whose cells are similar to those in the washing specimen, and (3) the cells considered to be neoplastic must be different from and not confused with reactive mesothelial cells. The last criterion is important because the peritoneal lavage traumatically removes mesothelium, which can appear atypical. These criteria make the cytologic interpretation of most peritoneal washing specimens straightforward; interesting diagnostic problems occur, however, including the evaluation of neoplasms of borderline malignancy, those "spilled" during surgery and second neoplasms found by peritoneal washing cytology.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed2001

Second neoplasms in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has been associated with a high incidence of other skin tumors and hematological malignancies. The purpose of this study was to analyze data from the Israel Cancer Registry regarding the incidence of second neoplasms in patients with MCC and their impact on survival. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients in whom MCC was diagnosed between 1983 and 1999 were included. Data were collected on age, gender and ethnic origin, dates of diagnosis of MCC and any other neoplasm, and date and cause of death, if applicable. Comparison of MCC-specific survival, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method, between patients with no other neoplasm and those with second primary tumors was performed by log rank test. Age-specific standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated using 5751 age- and ethnic-matched malignant melanoma patients as a control group. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (25%) had a second neoplasm before, concomitant with, or after the diagnosis of MCC; 2 of them also had a third primary tumor. The SIR was 2.8 (95% CI; range, 1.38-4.22), significantly higher than the control group. Almost half the tumors were squamous cell carcinomas, either skin or head and neck, and most of the remainder were hematological malignancies or breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas. On univariate analysis, the presence of another neoplasm, regardless of its chronology, was associated with higher MCC-specific mortality (65% vs. 40% for patients with MCC only; P = 0.022). Analysis of only those patients in whom a second neoplasm developed during follow-up after treatment for MCC yielded an estimated actuarial risk of developing a second primary of 2.1% for each year of observation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of second neoplasms, including noncutaneous solid tumors, in patients with MCC. The presence of these neoplasms, whether they appear before, after, or simultaneously with MCC, is associated with a higher MCC-specific mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Long-term risk of malignant neoplasm associated with gestational glucose intolerance.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes mellitus and cancer risk. However to the author's knowledge, no data regarding the risk of cancer associated with subclinical impaired glucose tolerance have been published to date. An association between various types of cancer and any continuum of risk across the spectrum of glucose tolerance may be important in determining the nature of the association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of malignancy. METHODS: The current study was conducted to examine the long-term risk of malignant neoplasms associated with maternal glucose intolerance. A 20-year follow-up study of a cohort of women who had previously taken part in a study in 1980 that investigated maternal glucose metabolism and fetal outcome was performed. Gestational glucose metabolism, smoking behavior, and weight and height measured at the time of index pregnancy, as well as weight, height, and smoking behavior assessed by questionnaire in 1999, were examined. The main endpoint of the study was hospital admission with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm as ascertained by linkage data. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 753 women living in Grampian (4.5%) were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm; of these, 18 cases were malignant neoplasms of the breast. After adjustment for known risk factors, both malignant neoplasm and malignant neoplasm of the breast were found to be significantly associated with gestational glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical glucose intolerance during pregnancy was found to be associated with a dose-related increase in the risk of malignant neoplasm, particularly malignant neoplasm of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Operative resection of primary carcinoid neoplasms in patients with liver metastases yields significantly better survival.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there is a benefit to resection of primary gastrointestinal carcinoid neoplasm with hepatic metastases. We investigated whether primary tumor resection in this setting led to a significant difference in outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with abdominal carcinoid neoplasms between 1995 and 2006 was performed. Data collected on patients with proven carcinoid liver metastases at initial diagnosis included whether the primary neoplasm was resected, time to progression of liver metastases, and status at last follow-up. Progression-free survival and survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan-Meier and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: There were 84 patients, 60 of whom had their primary neoplasm resected. The resected group had a greater median progression-free survival of 56 months, compared with 25 months for the primary nonresected group (P < .001). Median survival time for the resected group was longer at 159 months, compared with 47 months for the nonresected group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Resection of the primary neoplasm is associated with better progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with abdominal carcinoid neoplasms. Therefore, localization and resection of the primary neoplasm should be considered, even among patients in whom the primary neoplasm is asymptomatic.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: a series of 256 patients in Mexico City and Monterrey. Is air pollution the missing link?

Air pollution is a serious health problem in major cities in Mexico. The concentrations of monitored criteria pollutants have been above the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the last decade. To determine whether the number of primary malignant nasal and paranasal neoplasms has increased, we surveyed 256 such cases admitted to a major adult oncology hospital located in metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) for the period from 1976-1997 and to a tertiary hospital in Monterrey, an industrial city, for the period from 1993-1998. The clinical histories and histopathologic material were reviewed, and a brief clinical summary was written for each case. In the MMC hospital the number of newly diagnosed nasal and paranasal neoplasms per year for the period from 1976-1986 averaged 5.1, whereas for the next 11 years it increased to 12.5. The maximal increase was observed in 1995-1997, with an average of 20.3 new cases per year (P = 0.0006). The predominant neoplasms in these series were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, Schneiderian carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the Monterrey hospital a 2-fold increase in the numbers of newly diagnosed nasal and paranasal neoplasms was recorded between 1993 and 1998. The predominant MMC neoplasm in this series, namely nasal T-cell/natural killer cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is potentially Epstein-Barr virus related. Nasal and paranasal malignant neoplasms are generally rare. Environmental causative factors include exposure in industries such as nickel refining, leather, and wood furniture manufacturing. Although epidemiologic studies have not addressed the relationship between outdoor air pollution and sinonasal malignant neoplasms, there is strong evidence for the nasal and paranasal carcinogenic effect of occupational aerosol complex chemical mixtures. General practitioners and ear, nose, and throat physicians working in highly polluted cities should be aware of the clinical presentations of these patients. Identification of this apparent increase in sinonasal malignant neoplasms in two urban Mexican polluted cities warrants further mechanistic and epidemiologic studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Prospective preoperative determination of mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Optimal management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms includes identification and resection of mucinous neoplasms. This study was performed to assess the accuracy of preoperative variables in determining a mucinous lesion. METHODS: Patients referred for a cystic neoplasm were prospectively assessed by presenting symptoms, blinded radiologic review, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided cyst aspirate analysis. Patients who were symptomatic, or had aspirate findings of a mucinous neoplasm were resected. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients were enrolled over a 22-month period ending in December 2001. There were 56 (64%) women and 31 (36%) men, with a mean age of 63 (27-86) years. Thirty-five (40%) patients were resected including 24 (69%) women and 11 (31%) men with a mean age of 58 years. Twenty-eight (80%) patients who had resection were symptomatic. Specimen histology included 18 (51%) mucinous neoplasms, 8 (23%) serous neoplasms, 4 (11%) ductal or neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 3 (9%) pseudocysts. The positive predictive value (PPV) for cyst-aspirate extracellular mucin (83%) was significant in predicting a mucinous neoplasm (P =.009). No other aspirate variables (amylase, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA15-3, viscosity), or patient characteristics were predictive of final histology. Diagnostic agreement between all 3 radiologists was 8% (P =.98). At a median follow-up of 12 months, no patients who were observed required resection. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms can be selectively treated on the basis of symptoms and cyst-aspirate mucin analysis. Symptomatic and mucin containing lesions should be resected.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2005

Secondary neoplasms after radiotherapy for a childhood solid tumor.

This study was conducted to determine the outcome of patients who develop a second neoplasm after radiotherapy (RT) for a childhood solid tumor. From 1956 to 1998, 429 children with a malignant solid tumor were treated at a single radiation oncology facility. The medical records and radiotherapy charts were reviewed to determine if the patient developed a secondary neoplasm after treatment for malignancy. Twenty-three (5.4%) patients developed a secondary neoplasm. There were 12 males and 11 females with a median age at RT of 6.6 years (range, 2 months to 20 years). There were 14 malignant neoplasms in 13 (3.0%) and 14 benign neoplasms in 11 patients (2.6%). The types of initial solid tumors treated with RT were Ewing sarcoma in 6, Wilms tumor in 6, medulloblastoma in 5, neuroblastoma in 3, and other in 3. Median RT dose was 45 Gy (range, 12.3 to 60 Gy) using 4 MV in 9, 1.25 MV in 8, 250 KV in 4, and 6 MV photons in 1 patient. One child was treated using 15-MeV electrons. Fourteen had chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 23.2 years (range, 5.3 to 44.4 years). For the 14 malignant neoplasms, the median time interval from initial tumor to second malignancy was 10.1 years. The 14 second malignant neoplasms (SMN) were osteosarcoma in 3, breast carcinoma in 2, melanoma in 2, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 1, dermatofibrosarcoma in 1, leiomyosarcoma in 1, mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 1, colon cancer in 1, chronic myelogenous leukemia in 1, and basal cell carcinoma in 1. Ten of the 14 SMN (71%) were at the edge or inside the RT field. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rate after diagnosis of an SMN was 69.2%; it was 70% for children with a SMN at the edge or inside the RT field and 66.7% for those outside of the RT field. The 14 benign neoplasms appeared at a median time of 16.9 years and included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 3, osteochondroma in 3, thyroid adenoma in 1, duodenal adenoma in 1, lipoma in 1, cherry angioma in 1, uterine leiomyoma in 1, ovarian cystadenofibroma in 1, and giant cell tumor in 1. Only 5 (36%) of the 14 benign tumors occurred in the RT field, with osteochondroma being the most common. Of 189 deaths occurring in 429 patients, only 3 (1.6%) were secondary to radiation-induced malignancy. Not all SMN in children receiving RT occur in the irradiated field. More than two-thirds of children with a radiation-induced malignancy are alive 10 years after the diagnosis of a SMN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Malignant neoplasms associated with seborrheic keratoses. An analysis of 54 cases.

The association of malignant neoplasms arising contiguous with or adjacent to seborrheic keratoses has been previously documented. In this study a retrospective analysis was performed to further characterize these combined neoplasms. A total of 54 examples of malignant neoplasms in conjunction with seborrheic keratoses were found, of which 43 were basal cell carcinomas, six were Bowen's disease, three were keratoacanthomas, and two were malignant melanomas. The average age of the patients was over 65 years. Men were affected more frequently then women. The posterior thorax was the most common site for malignant neoplasms associated with seborrheic keratoses. The superficial type of basal cell carcinoma was the most common type of basal cell carcinoma found in this association. All subtypes of seborrheic keratosis may be found together with malignant neoplasms. We believe the appellation collision tumor is not valid because it is unknown whether the association of seborrheic keratoses with malignant neoplasms is a random event or whether there is, in fact, a pathogenic relationship in the development of two distinctive neoplasms together. Therefore, the term compound tumor is proposed to designate the finding of two distinctive neoplasms either directly contiguous with each other or immediately adjacent to each other.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Renal neoplasms in adult survivors of childhood Wilms tumor.

PURPOSE: Survivors of childhood Wilms tumor have been followed by large collaborative studies for approximately 31 years. In this time a number of second malignant neoplasms have been documented in these Wilms tumor survivors and they are at higher risk for such development compared with the general population. To our knowledge no renal neoplasms have been previously reported in patients successfully treated for Wilms tumor in childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 4 adults in whom Wilms tumor was treated in childhood by radical nephrectomy and adjuvant therapy and who presented to our institution with complex cystic or solid renal masses in the contralateral kidney. Parameters, including patient age at Wilms tumor diagnosis, Wilms tumor treatment modalities, age at second malignant neoplasm presentation and resected renal lesion pathology were outlined. A thorough literature review was performed to identify the development of renal malignancies as second malignant neoplasms in survivors of Wilms tumor in childhood. RESULTS: The International Society of Pediatric Oncology and National Wilms Tumor Study have followed patients treated for Wilms tumor for no greater than 31 years. Renal neoplasms, including 2 renal cell carcinomas, 1 oncocytoma and 1 atypical cyst, in the solitary remaining kidney of relatively young adults 34 to 50 years old who were treated for Wilms tumor greater than 31 years ago were successfully treated with partial nephrectomy at our institution. Neither the International Society of Pediatric Oncology nor National Wilms Tumor Study has identified renal cell carcinoma as a second malignant neoplasm in patients successfully treated for Wilms tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that relatively young adults with a history of childhood treatment for Wilms tumor may be at increased risk for renal neoplasms at ages not yet achieved by those enrolled in large multicenter trials. This possibility should be considered when planning the long-term followup of these patients. The potential to develop this type of second malignant neoplasm again raises the clinical issue of performing a primary nephron sparing procedure in children presenting with Wilms tumor.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic↗
PubMed2001

Value of topoisomerase II alpha, MIB-1, p53, E-cadherin, retinoblastoma gene protein product, and HER-2/neu immunohistochemical expression for the prediction of biologic behavior in adrenocortical neoplasms.

Prediction of biologic behavior in adrenocortical neoplasms is difficult because of the lack of availability of reliable clinical, biochemical, and pathologic prognostic markers. Reliable objective markers predictive of clinical outcome in adrenocortical neoplasms are needed to assign optimal treatment of potentially malignant tumors. In the current article, the authors evaluated a set of molecular markers (topoisomerase II alpha (Topo II alpha), MIB-1, p53, human epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), retinoblastoma gene protein product, and HER-2/neu) and correlated their expression with histologic diagnosis and clinical outcome. Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue blocks from 30 cases of adrenocortical neoplasms (15 benign and 15 malignant) were obtained from the surgical pathology archives at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center (Salt Lake City, UT) and the Medical College of Wisconsin (Milwaukee, WI). Age, gender, recurrence, tumor size and weight, hemorrhage, necrosis, pleomorphism, mitotic count, capsular and lymphovascular invasion, hyaline globules, intranuclear inclusions, and immunohistochemical expression of Topo II alpha, p53, MIB-1, E-cadherin, retinoblastoma gene protein product, and HER-2/neu were studied. Clinical data were obtained from the clinical charts, or communication with the treating physician, or both. Adrenocortical neoplasms with hemorrhage, necrosis, large size (>5 cm), weight more than 100 g, nuclear pleomorphism, lymphovascular invasion, and brisk mitotic rate (more than 5 per 30 high-power fields) were more likely to behave in a malignant fashion (P approximately 0.001-0.009). The difference in proliferation indices in benign and malignant neoplasms was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The difference in p53 staining in benign and malignant neoplasms also was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Higher p53 labeling index (>20%) was present in 73% (11/15) of malignant lesions but was found in only 1 of 15 (6.6%) benign lesions. The difference in retinoblastoma staining between benign and malignant neoplasms was statistically significant (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in staining pattern of E-cadherin expression between benign and malignant lesions. HER-2/neu overexpression was not observed in any of the benign or malignant adrenocortical neoplasms.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Loss of Stk11/Lkb1 expression in pancreatic and biliary neoplasms.

We have documented previously somatic mutations of STK11/LKB11, the gene responsible for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), in a small proportion of sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and biliary adenocarcinomas. In this report, we characterize the expression of Stk11, the protein product of the STK11 gene, in a larger series of pancreatic and biliary neoplasms. First, the specificity of the Stk11 antibody was established in 23 neoplasms (22 IPMNs and 1 biliary adenocarcinoma) with known STK11 gene status. Complete absence of labeling was seen in the neoplastic cells of 3 of the 3 (100%) cases with previously documented biallelic inactivation of the STK11 gene, whereas 16 of the 20 (80%) IPMNs, presumably with at least one wild-type STK11 gene, retained Stk11 expression in the neoplastic cells. The marked decrease or absence of Stk11 expression in four neoplasms with wild-type STK11 suggests that additional mechanisms may account for the lack of Stk11 expression. Subsequently, to further evaluate Stk11 expression in pancreatic and biliary neoplasms, tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from a series of nearly 100 ductal adenocarcinomas and biliary neoplasms. Stk11 expression was lost in 4 of the 56 (7%) pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 1 of the 38 (2.6%) biliary cancers by immunohistochemistry; the absence of labeling was confirmed by repeated immunohistochemical labeling of complete tissue sections for the same cases. Thus, Stk11 expression is abrogated in a small proportion of pancreatic and biliary neoplasms. The inactivation of Stk11 in 27% (6/22) of IPMNs versus 7% (4/56) of pancreatic adenocarcinomas suggests genetic disparities in the pathogenesis of these closely related neoplasms. Immunohistochemical analysis for Stk11 expression may be a valid surrogate for genetic analysis of STK11 gene mutations in cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activities in canine malignant mammary neoplasms with and without osseous transformation.

BACKGROUND: Increased serum activity of total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) has been found in dogs with mammary neoplasms, especially malignant mixed tumors. We hypothesized that the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), a specific indicator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, may contribute to increased TALP in dogs with mammary neoplasms with osseous transformation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare serum TALP, BALP, and other ALP isoenzyme activities in dogs with mammary malignant neoplasms with and without osseous transformation. METHODS: Twenty-one female dogs with malignant mammary neoplasms were compared with 21 clinically healthy, age-matched female control dogs. Physical, clinicopathologic (including preprandial and postprandial serum bile acids, ACTH stimulation, and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests), radiographic, and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on all dogs with tumors to assess coexisting conditions. On the basis of histologic examination of excised tumors, dogs were further classified as having epithelial (n = 11) or mesenchymal/mixed (epithelial-mesenchymal) (n = 10) neoplasms, the latter of which had histologic and radiologic evidence of bone formation. Serum TALP, BALP, liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP), and corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (CALP) activities were measured using biochemical methods. RESULTS: Dogs with malignant mammary tumors had significantly higher (P < .05) median serum TALP (170 U/L), BALP (59 U/L), LALP (49 U/L), and CALP (24 U/L) activities, compared with control dogs (81, 32, 37, and 5 U/L, respectively). Significantly higher activities of BALP and LALP were found in dogs with epithelial neoplasms; whereas, only CALP activity was higher in dogs with mesenchymal/mixed neoplasms. There was no significant difference in TALP or isoenzyme activitities between epithelial and mesenchymal/mixed groups. CONCLUSION: BALP activity is increased in some dogs with malignant mammary tumors but does not account for the increase in TALP in dogs with neoplasms that have osseous transformation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Perforated colorectal neoplasms: correlation of clinical, contrast enema, and CT examinations.

Results of clinical, contrast enema (CE), and computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 39 patients with perforated colorectal neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty patients were toxemic at initial presentation, but in only four patients was the diagnosis of perforated colorectal neoplasm initially suspected clinically. CE study was performed in 22 patients and enabled the diagnosis of perforated neoplasm in 11 cases, neoplasm alone in eight, and neither neoplasm nor perforation in three. CT was performed in 38 patients and enabled the diagnosis of perforated neoplasm in 36; pericolic phlegmon but no mass lesion was evident in two. In 16 patients, CT also demonstrated metastatic disease. Because of its reliability in establishing the diagnosis and staging the extent of the inflammatory and neoplastic disease, CT is indicated in cases of suspected or proved perforated colorectal neoplasm and in cases in which CE study findings are indeterminate or suggestive of perforated neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

A morphologic and immunocytochemical study of hepatic neoplasms in cats.

A retrospective study was done of 47 neoplasms of the hepatic and biliary systems from 47 cats brought to The Animal Medical Center over a period of 10 years (1980 to 1989). Histologic examination of specimens taken at necropsy revealed that 87% (41/47) of the hepatic neoplasms were epithelial and 13% (6/47) were nonepithelial. Of the epithelial tumors, 25/47 (53%) were of intrahepatic bile duct origin, 9/47 (19%) were of hepatocellular origin, 5/47 (11%) involved the extrahepatic bile ducts, and 2/47 (4%) were adenocarcinomas of the gall bladder. Of the nonepithelial neoplasms, hemangiosarcomas were more common, 5/47 (11%), than leiomyosarcomas, 1/47 (2%). Multiple liver lobes were involved in 21/34 (62%) of the epithelial and all six of the nonepithelial intrahepatic neoplasms. Most of the bile duct adenocarcinomas (6/9) were predominantly characterized by acinar structures with mucin production, diffuse necrosis, and little desmoplasia. The hepatocellular carcinomas were characterized by three patterns-trabecular (five tumors), pseudoglandular pattern (two tumors), and anaplastic (one tumor). The hepatic carcinoid was characterized by various-sized groups of acinar and rosettelike structures, some with lumens, separated by thin fibrovascular stroma. The extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas (4/4) were acinopapillary with moderate desmosplasia, whereas the adenocarcinomas of the gall bladder had elongated tubular structures lined by anaplastic cells and a severe desmoplastic reaction. The neuroendocrine carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, the hemangiosarcomas, and the leiomyosarcoma had morphologic features characteristic of these neoplasms. Two of the 16 (13%) bile duct adenomas had anaplastic and precancerous changes. Residual benign components were seen in 10/15 (67%) of the biliary adenocarcinomas, 4/9 (44%) of the intrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas, and all of the extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas and gall bladder adenocarcinomas. Results of immunohistochemical studies of the biliary neoplasms were similar to those described in studies of biliary neoplasms in human beings. Results of this study revealed that the frequency of different types of hepatic neoplasms in cats varied from that seen in dogs and human beings, but the morphologic features were comparable.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Sex steroid hormone receptors in human skin appendage and its neoplasms.

Sex steroids have been postulated to influence pathophysiology of human skin through various skin appendages. The presence of sex steroid receptors has been also reported in adnexal tumors but its details still remained unknown. Therefore, in this study, we immunolocalized sex steroid receptor protein (estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ERbeta, progesterone receptor (PR)A, PRB and androgen receptor (AR)) in 23 cases of non-pathological skin (male: 10, female: 13) and in 50 cases of skin adnexal tumors (male 24, female 26; 38 benign and 12 malignant). ERalpha immunoreactivity was detected exclusively in basal cells of sebaceous glands of non-pathological skin. AR and PRB immunoreactivity was detected in both differentiated and basal cells of sebaceous gland. AR and ERbeta immunoreactivity was also detected in sebaceous and eccrine sweat glands but not in outer root sheath of hair follicles. In sebaceous gland neoplasms, the number of ERalpha positive cases was significantly lower in skin appendage neoplasms than non-pathological skin. ERbeta immunoreactivity was not detected in any of sebaceous gland neoplasms examined. There were no significant differences in PRA, PRB and AR immunoreactivity between non-pathological sebaceous gland and its neoplasm. In sweat gland neoplasms, the number of AR positive cases was significantly lower in benign neoplasms than their non-pathological counterpart. Therefore sex steroids are considered to play important roles in regulation of non-pathological skin appendage function and pathogenesis and/or development of its neoplasm. In addition, the status of the great majority of sex steroid hormone receptors was maintained throughout the process of neoplastic transformation of skin appendages, except for AR and ERalpha in sweat and sebaceous gland neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neoplasms associated with esophageal epidermoid carcinoma].

INTRODUCTION: The esophageal epidermoid cancer has an important association with aerodigestive tract neoplasms and possibly share the same risk factors. Furthermore, other neoplasms can be associated with esophagus cancer. OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively the patients with esophageal epidermoid cancer (EEC) and associated neoplasms, treated by the Esophagus Stomach and Small Intestine Group of Surgery at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre from January 1988 to June 1995. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen (7.28%) of the 261 studied patients had associated neoplasms to the EEC. Ten patients presented synchronic tumours and 9 metachronic ones. The predominant sex was the masculine with 17 cases. The mean age was 62.52 years in the moment of the esophageal cancer diagnostic. RESULTS: The aerodigestive tumours, squamous carcinomas in totality, represented the predominant associated neoplasm histological type in 68.42% of the cases. The most frequent associated aerodigestive tumours site was the respiratory tract (53.8%), followed by the oral cavity and oropharynx (23%) and larynx (23%). In our sample, twelve patients were smokers and 9 were alcohol abusers. In relation to the EEC treatment, surgery was performed in 6 patients. The associated neoplasm was treated with radical surgery in 11 patients and radiotherapy in 5. Surprisingly 4 cases (21%) of gastric adenocarcinoma associated to the EEC were diagnosed, treated with radical surgery in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: The authors call attention to the importance of a criterial staging as well as the follow up in patients with EEC owing to the significant association with others neoplasms, principally with aerodigestive tumours, and discuss the common risk factors possibility: tobacco and alcohol use. Important association with gastric neoplasms were found in this casuistry.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Malignant neoplasms of external and middle ear].

INTRODUCTION: Neoplasms of external and middle ear are rare, which cause several problems in diagnosis and therapy. The purpose of the study was to analyze retrospectively patients with malignant neoplasms of the ear. METHODOLOGY: The study was carried out on 53 patients treated for malignant ear neoplasms in single institution during 25 years (1978-2002). RESULTS: The most frequent neoplasm was squamous cell carcinoma--36 cases (67.9%), then basal cell carcinoma--9 cases (16.9%). Neoplasm primarily involved auricle in 26 patients (49.1%), external auditory canal in 15 patients (28.3%) and middle ear in 12 patients (22.6%). They were classified according to Stell and McCormick (1985) as follows: stage I--29 tumours (54.7%), stage T2--15 tumours (28.3%), stage T3--9 tumours (17%). Facial nerve paresis occurred in 15 patients (28.3%). The most often treatment modality was surgery--32 persons (60.4%), then surgery followed by radiotherapy--17 persons (32.1%). The characteristics of neoplasms related to the site of location were described. The difficulties in precise histopathologic diagnosis and extent of disease were pointed out. RESULTS: Neoplasms of external and middle ear constitute a group of various histopathological and clinical tumours, which differ in diagnostic difficulties, treatment and prognosis. A diagnosis was often made in advanced stages of neoplasms, especially for middle ear tumours, that diminished a possibility of effective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas-indications for surgery.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serous cystic neoplasm is a rare pancreatic tumor. Almost all of these tumors are benign and only 9 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma have been reported. Although serous cystic neoplasm is typically a microcystic lesion, there is a wide range of cyst sizes from micro to macro and even unilocular cysts have been reported. Thus, the diagnosis is difficult and indications for surgery are controversial. We aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological and imaging features of serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. METHODOLOGY: We investigated 15 cases of resected and 6 cases of nonresected cases of serous cystic neoplasm, evaluating the symptoms, imaging findings, preoperative diagnosis, macroscopic morphology, microscopic findings, and results of follow-up. RESULTS: Imaging diagnosis of serous cystic neoplasm was not easy, because not so many tumors had the typical microcystic pattern. Most of the resected serous cystic neoplasms were non-microcystic or were small tumors, which could not be precisely evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Small serous cystic neoplasms, which can be diagnosed by imaging, do not need to be resected because serous cystadenocarcinoma is rare. Tumors of the pancreas that cannot be confirmed to be serous cystic neoplasm should be resected because of the possibility of pancreatic cancer, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, or mucinous cystadenoma with malignant potential.

Adult↗