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Results for “NEMATODE INFECTIONS”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Preliminary study of nematode infections of cattle in the six provinces of Thailand in the dry season.

Fecal nematode egg counts and serum pepsinogen concentrations of cattle were determined in six Provinces of the northern (Chiangrai and Lampang), north-eastern (Khonkaen, Mahasarakham and Nakhonratchasima) and eastern (Chonburi) parts of Thailand in the dry season. Nematode eggs were detected in 82% of animals examined. Serum pepsinogen concentrations ranged from 78 to 2,951 (mean 934) mU tyrosine. Animals in Chonburi Province had higher mean values for both egg counts and serum pepsinogen concentrations than animals in the other Provinces. Two calves in Khonkaen and Mahasarakham Provinces were found to be heavily infected with Strongyloides papillosus, with 10,840 and 9,593 eggs/g feces. The source and route of S. papillosus infections remained unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The microbial environment and intestinal nematode infections of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in laboratory mice.

The difficulty of establishing primary infections of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (= Nematospiroides dubius) in ASH/CSI mice in the Laboratory Animal House at Royal Holloway and Bedford New College during a recent autumn and spring period was associated with a syndrome of worm distortion, together with zero or low worm establishment and reduced fecundity (eggs/female worm). The eggs produced were non-viable and the egg capsule comprised a rumpled lipid and ruptured chitin layer. The egg size and peaks of egg production were also reduced and the total egg output ceased entirely by day 28 post-infection in male mice. The syndrome was repeated when control LACA mice harbouring 'normal' infections of H. polygyrus were housed on the same source of peat bedding material as the ASH/CSI mice. An increase in H. polygyrus egg production in ASH/CSI mice, removed from the peat or treated with 0.04% oxytetracycline hydrochloride suggested that the cause of the syndrome was microbial in origin. A microbiological assay of the peat, which was the common denominator of all syndrome infections, revealed an abundance of chitinase secreting species of bacteria (Bacillaceae). Bacterial chitinase was therefore likely to rupture the chitin layer of the egg capsule producing nonviable eggs and either abnormal or no larvae. Preliminary in vitro studies using chitinase from Streptomyces griseus indicated that the hatching success of eggs of H. polygyrus was reduced as the concentration of chitinase increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Nematode infection enhances survival of activated T cells by modulating accessory cell function.

The type of immune response generated following exposure to Ag depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the Ag, the type of adjuvant used, the site of antigenic entry, and the immune status of the host. We have previously shown that infection of rodents with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) shifts the development of type 1 allo-specific responses toward type 2 immunity, suggesting nematode modulation of T cell activation. In this report we explore the immunomodulatory effects of Nb on T cell activation. We found that spleen cells from Nb-infected mice exhibited dramatically increased proliferation in response to Con A and anti-CD3. This hyperproliferation could be transferred in vitro to naive splenocytes by coculture with mitomycin C-treated cells from Nb-infected animals. The transfer was mediated by non-T accessory cells and supernatants derived from Con A-activated non-T cells, suggesting the involvement of a soluble factor secreted by accessory cells. The accessory cells secreted high levels of IL-6, and anti-IL-6 treatment abrogated the supernatant-induced hyperproliferation, thus confirming that IL-6 was mediating the effect. Further, spleen cells from Nb-infected mice were more resistant to activation-induced cell death (AICD) following mitogenic stimulation. Reduced AICD was also transferable and IL-6 dependent. Thus, the hyperproliferation was in part due to enhanced activated T cell survival. These phenomena mediated by accessory cells may contribute to the powerful polyclonal activation of type 2 immunity caused by nematode infection.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1996

Neural integration of jejunal motility and ion transport in nematode-infected ferrets.

Jejunal motility measured manometrically and coupled fluctuations in electrogenic ion transport measured as transmural potential differences (PD) were simultaneously studied in ferrets infected with enteric stages of the parasitic nematode, Trichinella spiralis. Vagotomy in uninfected ferrets abolished jejunal motility clusters and associated PD oscillations. Conversely, in infected ferrets on days 8-12 postinfection (PI), vagotomy did not abolish jejunal motility and PD. Calculated motility indexes (MI) indicated that postvagotomy MI decreased to 12% of prevagotomy MI in uninfected ferrets, whereas, in T.spiralis-infected ferrets, postvagotomy MI declined only to 48% of prevagotomy MI. Atropine abolished all vagotomy-resistant residual jejunal motility clusters and PD oscillations in T. spiralis-infected ferrets. Decreased intestinal content of substance P (27% of control) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (41% of control) and increased myeloperoxidase activity (262% of control) were detected in T. spiralis-infected ferrets. Our results suggest that integrated neural control of muscular and epithelial effectors in the small bowel is altered by nematode-induced inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Target chemotherapy of intestinal nematode infection in area with low endemicity].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the control measures for intestinal nematodiasis in endemic area with low prevalence and intensity of infection. METHODS: Target chemotherapy was carried out in high-risk population based on the epidemiological characteristics such as age and clinical findings. Albendazole and mebendazole were administered each 200 mg once daily every year for 3 or 5 years. Saturated brine floatation and Kato-Katz thick smear techniques were used for stool examination to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred residents from each of the three investigation villages were selected for target chemotherapy once a year for three years. The prevalence of intestinal nematodes decreased from 6.2% in 1995 to 5.4% in 1996 and 3.2% in 1997, and remained at 2.3% after three years in 2000. One control village where only primary school students were treated once a year for 5 years, the prevalence of Ascaris and Trichuris infection also decreased from 1.4% and 4.2% in 1995 to 0.9% and 1.4% in 2000, respectively. The target chemotherapy on the predisposed population to hookworm infection showed that the prevalence in the population above 41 years old was declined from 19.4% to 10.9%. CONCLUSION: The target chemotherapy is an economical and effective approach for the control of intestinal nematode infection in endemic area with low prevalence and intensity of infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of anthelmintic treatment of dairy cattle on milk production related to some parameters estimating nematode infection.

On 31 farms, blood samples were taken from adult dairy cattle in September 1985, when pastured, and in November-December 1985, when stabled, to assess serum pepsinogen levels and level of nematode antibody titres. Faecal samples taken in September were examined to establish the presence of parasites by means of egg counts and larval identification. During the stabling period, dry cows were either treated with ivermectin or with a placebo in alternate sequence of expected calving date. As a result, 285 cows were treated with ivermectin while 242 cows served as controls. Anthelmintic treatment resulted in a significant increase in the 305-day milk production of 205.1 kg (P less than 0.01). Fat and protein percentages were not significantly influenced by anthelmintic treatment. There was a significant between-herd variation in nematode antibody titres and in pepsinogen values. The mean herd milk-production response to treatment correlated positively with the mean herd Ostertagia antibody titre measured in September 1985 (r = 0.364, P less than 0.05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Intestinal nematode infections in Turkish military dogs with special reference to Toxocara canis.

The prevalence and potential zoonotic risk factors of intestinal nematodes of military working dogs, which are used for different military purposes, were assessed. Faecal samples from 352 defined-breed Turkish military dogs were investigated and 107 (30.4%) dogs were found to be infected with one or two nematode species. The following nematodes, with their respective prevalences, were diagnosed in the faecal samples: Toxascaris leonina (21.8%), Toxocara canis (13.3%), Trichuris vulpis (2.9%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (1.2%). Toxocara canis infections were more frequently seen in puppies (0-6 months old). The prevalence of T. canis was significantly higher in male than in female dogs and also higher in dogs which were exercised daily than in those without exercise. The highest prevalence was found in Belgian malinois breed dogs. Toxocara canis infections were not influenced by the floor type of the kennels (i.e. concrete or soil floor). There was no difference in the occurrence of T. canis infection when the last anthelmintic treatment was carried out less or more than 3 months prior to sampling. It is suggested that T. canis infected military dogs would be a threat not only for dog trainers but also for military personnel, notably during national and international operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of fenbendazole-medicated feed blocks against gastrointestinal nematode infections in calves.

An anthelmintic trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of fenbendazole (FBZ) incorporated into two types of feed blocks given daily for 3 or 10 days to calves naturally parasitized with gastrointestinal nematodes. Each treated calf consumed 5 mg of FBZ/kg of body weight. The FBZ was greater than 99% effective in removing adults of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, O lyrata, Cooperia punctata, C pectinata, C onchophora, Trichostrongylus axei, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Fenbendazole was also greater than 99% effective against immature nematodes recovered from the small intestine, which were thought to be mainly Cooperia spp. Efficacy was similar for FBZ in each of the two types of feed block carriers and for the 3- and 10-day regimens. Calves readily consumed feed blocks containing FBZ and did not have adverse reactions to FBZ.

Animal Feed↗