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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Histology of nasal polyps of different etiology.

The aim of the present study is to elucidate the correlation between etiology and histology in nasal polyps with special regard to cystic fibrosis (CF). Nasal polyps from 15 children with CF and a control group of non-CF polyps from 15 adult patients were examined by light-microscopy. The histological evaluation was carried out on a blind basis in order to avoid bias. Among the parameters used, the tissue eosinophilia proved to be the most valuable factor in the differentiation between CF and non-CF polyps, as only few eosinophils were found in the CF-polyps. The polyp glands were few and generally pathological. Some characteristics abnormalities in the grandular morphology are apparently more common in CF polyps. It is concluded, that the histological examination of nasal polyps is of importance for the correct classification of the patient, but the diagnosis of CF cannot be made based on microscopy of polyps. Further studies including blinded histological examination of nasal polypous tissue might contribute to a more differentiated diagnose of nasal polyposis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Study on the role of interleukin-5 and eosinophil cationic protein and the correlation between them in nasal polyp].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of recruitment and activation of eosinophils; to confirm the concentration and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyps; to study the correlation between eosinophilic activation and cytokine such as IL-5. METHOD: Blood and nasal specimens were collected from 30 patients with nasal polyps and 8 controls with deviation of nasal septum or OSAS. The serum ECP levels in two groups and the IL-5 and ECP in nasal polyp specimens or inferior turbinate mucosa were examined. RESULT: Concentration of IL-5 and ECP in nasal polyps tissue homogenates were significantly higher than those in inferior turbinate mucosas (P < 0.05). The same result was showed in serum ECP. The elevated IL-5 levels in polyp homogenates had a significant correlation with serum ECP(r = 0.598, P < 0.05) and polyp tissues ECP(r = 0.451, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The concentration of IL-5 increased in the nasal polyp tissues and the degree of expression showed a significant correlation with activated eosinophils.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed2006

[Eosinophil chemoattractants and related factors in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: In vitro studies and animal experiments have shown that cytokines and chemokines are closely related to eosinophil migration, activation, and survival. It remains controversial, however, whether some chemokines or cytokines are actually responsible for the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissues. We studied cytokines and chemokines in nasal polyp tissues taken from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis to clarify the pathogenesis of eosinophil accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp tissues obtained from 20 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were studied. Concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 5, IL-13, eotaxin, regulated upon activation in normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in homogenates of polyp tissues were measured by ELISA. Nasal polyp tissues were stained by hematoxillin and eosin and were immunostained by an antibody against EG2. The numbers of eosinophils and immunopositive cells for EG2 in the submucosal layer were counted using a microscope. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen in the numbers of eosinophils and EG2-positive cells, or in the concentration of IL-5, eotaxin, TARC, RANTES in nasal polyp tissues between patients with and without atopic predisposition. Significant positive correlations existed, however, between the number of eosinophils and IL-5, eotaxin, and TARC concentration. IL-13 concentration was below detection in all patients. CONCLUSION: We hound that IL-5, eotaxin, and TARC may play an important role in the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyps regardless of the presence of atopic predisposition.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evidence of platelet-activating factor in nasal polyps.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was measured in human nasal polyps obtained from patients with chronic sinusitis. PAF was quantitated by platelet-aggregating activity and was found to be 7.8 +/- 1.8 pg/micrograms phosphorus of polyp phospholipid (mean +/- SE; n = 23). In the polyps, phosphatidylcholine constituted 30% of the total phospholipids, of which 8.5% was the ether-linked type. Incubations of replicates of the fresh polyps in Tyrode's solution in the presence of calcium ionophore A23187 and antihuman immunoglobulin E resulted in 295 and 65% increases in the amount of PAF, respectively. Thus, nasal polyps in humans with chronic sinusitis possess PAF and have the potential to produce PAF upon stimulation. The participation of PAF in nasal polyp formation is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Distribution of 3-nitrotyrosine in the nasal polyps of atopic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether formation of nitrotyrosine in the nasal polyps of atopic patients occurs. STUDY DESIGN: A nonrandomized, retrospective, controlled qualitative and quantitative study. METHODS: Nasal polyp tissue samples were acquired from 12 atopic patients. Control fragments of nasal mucosa were taken from 10 patients undergoing corrective surgery of the nasal septum. For routine histologic examinations, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used. Low-magnification microscopy was designed to yield pathologic characteristics and high magnification to quantify the number of eosinophils in the subepithelial connective tissue. Presence of nitrotyrosine was assessed by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed presence of numerous eosinophils in the epithelium and in the subepithelial connective tissue. All polyps were characterized by epithelial damage. Nitrotyrosine was present in the eosinophils, in the ciliated cell, and in cells of the damaged epithelium. Goblet cells, glands, and vessels were found to be negative. No significant differences concerning the localization of nitrotyrosine were recognized among the examined nasal polyps. CONCLUSIONS: Nitrotyrosine immunohistochemical staining in nasal-polyp tissues suggested the existence of progressive epithelium injury caused by peroxynitrite. Consequences of peroxynitrite formation in eosinophils remain to be precisely established. The lack of nitrotyrosine in glands and blood vessels indicated that peroxynitrite does not have a significant role in the vascular and glandular dysfunction of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Hypoxia effects on vascular endothelial growth factor derived epithelial cells of nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of nasal mucous epithelial cells to hypoxia in early stage of nasal polyps(NP) formation. METHODS: Epithelial cells of NP and inferior turbinate (IT) were cultured without serum under normal oxygen and hypoxia, and stimulus of inflammatory cytokines. Erythropoietin (EPO) was regarded as hypoxia mark, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) mRNA and protein derived from epithelial cells were detected respectively by in situ hybridization and ELISA. RESULTS: 1. Under hypoxia, EPO mRNA was expressed intensely in epithelial cells from NP and IT, and there was no significant difference between both of them. This result suggested that EPO might be regarded as a hypoxic mark. 2. The ability of producing VEGF mRNA increased with cytokines stimulation, especially under hypoxia. Protein level of VEGF from epithelial cells of NP and IT increased with cytokines stimulation, especially in hypoxia and was time-dependent. CONCLUSION: Epithelial cells actively produce vast VEGF under hypoxia. The VEGF induced by hypoxia of the mucosa in middle meatus is of importance in the formation of nasal polyps(NP) in early stage, which may be the major cause of NP formation in middle meatus.

Cell Hypoxia↗
PubMed1986

Mast cell degranulation in nasal polyps.

Light- and electronmicroscopic observations as well as immunohistochemical studies were made on nasal polyps from 15 patients. The patients included 2 cases of aspirin intolerance (AA), 6 cases of allergic rhinitis (NA) and 7 cases of chronic rhinitis (CS) with negative skin tests against major inhalant allergens. Nasal polyps commonly contained many inflammatory cells such as neutrophils (PMN), eosinophils, plasma cells, mast cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. Two morphological features were conspicuous in our study: 1) PMN migration and attachment to the basal lamina, 2) accelerated degranulation of mast cells. Mean values of degranulated granules were 0.532473/micron2 in AA, 0.492615/micron2 in NA and 0.253591/micron2 in CS. These results indicate that mast cell degranulation in CS is much less than that in AA and NA. Immunohistochemical investigations revealed very few IgE-positive cells in both AA and NA, and none in CS. On the other hand IgG and IgA were frequently observed in all cases of nasal polyps. The present study suggests that mast cell degranulation plays an important role in the formation of nasal polyps, but it may not only be an IgE-dependent mechanism. To elucidate other possibilities, more extensive immunological studies will be required.

Cytoplasmic Granules↗
PubMed2000

[The expression of transforming growth factor alpha and its receptor in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible role of expression of TGF alpha and EGFR in nasal polyps and its relationship with PCNA labeling index. METHOD: Specimens from 20 patients of nasal polyps were studied with immunohistochemical technique. RESULT: The expression of TGF alpha, EGFR and PCNA were increased in the epithelium, gland cells and inflammatory cells of nasal polyps. There was a close correlation between the intensities of TGF alpha, EGFR and PCNA. CONCLUSION: TGF alpha may play a key role in epithelial cell proliferation in nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Eosinophil inflammation of nasal polyp tissue: relationships with matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and transforming growth factor-beta1.

Eosinophil and mast cell infiltrations are consistent findings in nasal polyp tissue. Previous studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be involved in eosinophil infiltration in airway mucosa of asthmatic patients, and that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induces extracellular matrix deposition in nasal polyp tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MMPs and tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in association with TGF-beta1, eosinophils and mast cell activation in nasal polyp tissue. Nasal polyp tissues from 20 patients who underwent polypectomies were collected and prepared into tissue homogenate. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and tryptase levels were measured by CAP system (Pharmacia, Sweden). MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta1 levels were measured by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. MMP-2 was the predominant form of MMPs, followed by MMP-9 and TIMP-1. There were significant correlations between ECP, and MMP-9, MMP-2, TGF-beta1 and tryptase, but not with TIMP-1. Significant correlations were noted between tryptase, and MMP-2, MMP-9, and TGF-beta1, but not with TIMP-1. Close correlations were noted between TGF-beta1, and MMP-9 and MMP-2, but not with TIMP-1. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TGF-beta1 may contribute to eosinophil and mast cell migrations into nasal polyp tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Granulomas in nasal polyps.

Three specimens of simple nasal polyps which were examined in a routine histopathology laboratory contained tubereuloid granulomas. One of these patients was found to have systemic sarcoidosis. The other two continue to be asymptomatic and in one of these rupture of cystic nasal mucous glands with the liberation of epithelial mucin into the stroma appears to have excited the granulomatous reaction. The causation, investigation and significance of granulomas at this site are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Interaction between fibronectin and eosinophils in the growth of nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine roles of fibronectin and eosinophils in the etiology of nasal polyposis. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a cohort study of cases with nasal polyposis. Sampled nasal polyps were differentiated by their histopathologic characteristics, and compared by size and computed tomography (CT) stage. METHODS: The size of nasal polyps was determined on the basis of the endoscopic findings, and the extent of sinusitis was evaluated by CT staging. Nasal polyp samples were taken from 82 patients during ethmoidectomy and differentiated by morphologic characteristics, infiltration cell types, or fibronectin positivity. Then their sizes and CT stages were compared. In addition, correlation among these histological characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS: Nasal polyps showing edematous morphology, eosinophil infiltration, or fibronectin expression were significantly large in size. Concerning CT stages, only the infiltration cell type showed a significant difference. Significant correlation among edematous morphology, eosinophil infiltration, and fibronectin expression was also recognized. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that interaction between eosinophils and fibronectin may play a role in edema formation, which contributes to the growth of nasal polyps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Immunohistochemical localization of eotaxin immunoreactivity in nasal polyps.

Eotaxin is a C-C chemokine that acts to selectively induce local accumulation of eosinophils and basophils. Eotaxin is also believed to be involved in the infiltration of eosinophils in the nasal polyps of patients with chronic sinusitis. However, only a few studies on eotaxin in nasal polyps have been performed. In this study, we investigated the localization of eotaxin in human nasal polyps and the identification of eotaxin-positive cells using immunohistochemistry. The distribution of eotaxin immunoreactivity in the nasal polyps of patients with chronic sinusitis was found to almost coincide with the presence of eosinophils. Eotaxin immunoreactivity was also detected in some vascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that eotaxin is produced by eosinophils and vascular endothelial cells in nasal polyps and is involved in the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyps.

Chemokine CCL11↗
PubMed2002

HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression and modulation in epithelial cells from nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Through human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, nasal epithelial cells could actively participate in the chronic inflammation and eosinophil infiltration observed in nasal polyps. The objective of the study was to evaluate HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression in polyp epithelium and in a culture model of polyp epithelial cells allowing ciliated and secretory differentiation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective non-randomized controlled in vitro study. METHODS: The in vitro HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression was studied under basal conditions or after exposure to interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta1, lipopolysaccharide, dexamethasone, or cetirizine. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression was investigated in situ by immunohistochemical staining of polyps and in vitro by immunofluorescent staining of cell cultures. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 were localized in cultured cells by confocal microscopy. Cultured cells expressing HLA-DR and ICAM-1 were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Both HLA-DR and ICAM-1 showed significant immunostaining of nasal polyp epithelium. In nasal polyp epithelial cell cultures, less than 5% of cells were positive for HLA-DR whereas 40% were positive for ICAM-1 at day 3. In vitro, HLA-DR was mainly located in the cytoplasm and ICAM-1 predominated on the apicolateral cytoplasmic membrane. Comparison of in situ and in vitro results showed that well-differentiated and poorly differentiated cells predominantly expressed HLA-DR and ICAM-1, respectively. Interferon-gamma significantly increased HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression, whereas transforming growth factor-beta1 significantly decreased HLA-DR expression and lipopolysaccharide significantly increased ICAM-1 expression. CONCLUSION: HLA-DR and ICAM-1 epithelial expression in nasal polyps in situ and in vitro and their in vitro modulation reinforce the active role of epithelial cells in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper airways.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

[Pathological and ultrastructural observation on the epithelia of nasal cavity and nasal sinuses in chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps after endoscopic sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To research the restoration characteristics of epithelia in nasal cavity and nasal sinuses with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps after endoscopic sinus surgery,and to provide basis for improving the treatment after operation. METHOD: Twenty patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps after endoscopic sinus surgery were observed. The "Vesicle tissues" situated ostiomeatal complex (OMC) were observed with light and transmission electron microscopy after operation of 7-14 days. RESULT: (1) The "Vesicle tissues" were off white or buff, some contained liquid, and some were parenchyma under the endoscopy. (2) The epithelia of "Vesicle tissues" were pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (16/20), and some were stratified squamous epithelium (2/20), some were squamous metaplasia in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (2/20). Lamina propria were edema. Inflammation cells infiltrated epithelial lining and subepithelial lining. We found mucous gland, mixed gland and glandular duct under subepithelial lining,and small vascular ectasia under light microscopy. (3) Transmission electron microscope: epithelia were pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, cilia were in good order, microvilli located between cilia. The cross section of majority cilia were 9 + 2 form microtubule, but in some cilia we could not find microtubule and could only find one central microtubule. Golgi complex were up growth, and endoplasmic reticulum expand, and multi-mitochondrion were coagulation degeneration in epithelial cells. Some mitochondrion were 1-2 degree swelling and the lysosome increased. Inflammation cells infiltrated epithelial lining. Majority were neutrophil and lymphocyte, but we also found eosinophil and plasmacyte. CONCLUSION: "Vesicle tissues" is the manifestation of active epithelia regeneration in nasal cavity and nasal sinuses after endoscopic sinus surgery, it's the earlier period of imbalance regeneration of the epithelization in postoperative cavity. "Vesicle tissues" is similar to the nasal polyp histopathology, and it is phenomena of limited pathological rebuilding in earlier period. Cleaning "Vesicle tissues" can effectively control the nasal polyps relapse and impel the postoperative cavity to epithelization.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with nasal polyps: a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to determine the presence of H. pylori in nasal polyps by both immunohistochemical staining with H. pylori antibody of biopsy specimens and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) of sera. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, controlled, clinical trial. METHODS: We enrolled 30 patients with nasal polyps and 20 controls with middle concha bullosa undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Blood samples of both the study and control groups were evaluated for anti-H. pylori specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies by ELISA. In addition, biopsy specimens of the removed polyps and the mucosal part of middle conchas were examined by the immunohistochemical analysis with H. pylori antibody. RESULTS: In the blood samples, specific IgG antibodies to H. pylori were found in 26 (86.7%) of 30 polyp patients and 17 (85%) of 20 controls. In 6 (20%) of the 30 patients, H. pylori was identified in the nasal polyp tissue, but it was not detected in the mucosal part of the middle concha specimens. No significant statistical difference was observed for H. pylori antibodies by ELISA among the patients with nasal polyps and the control group (Fisher's exact test, P = .59). However, there was a statistical difference between the polyp biopsy specimens and the control biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical staining (Fisher's exact test, P = .037). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that H. pylori was found in increased prevalence in the nasal polyps. However, further controlled epidemiologic studies would be necessary to confirm our results and clarify the potential underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Expression of TNF alpha and VCAM-1 in nasal polyps and relation with eosinophil infiltration].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of TNF alpha and VCAM-1 in nasal polyps tissue and its significance. METHOD: Paraffin sections of nasal polyps and chronic rhinitis samples were studied with immunohistochemical technique. RESULT: Expression of TNF alpha and VCAM-1 were stranger in nasal polyps tissues than in controls. There was positive relationship between the expression of TNF alpha and that of VCAM-1(r = 0.833), and expression of VCAM-1 coincide with eosinophil infiltration(r = 0.746). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that TNF alpha may up-regulate the expression of VCAM-1 in vessel endothelium, and prompt adhesion and migration of eosinophils, TNF alpha and VCAM-1 may play important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Etiology of nasal polyps associated with aspirin-sensitive asthma.

It is well known that nasal polyps occur at high frequency in aspirin-sensitive asthma (ASA). Their etiology, however, remains obscure. Therefore, histopathologic observations and measurements of arachidonic acid metabolites were carried out to investigate the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps in ASA. Abundant eosinophils and degranulated mast cells were found in the tissue of nasal polyp-associated ASA cases. Electron-microscopic analyses of these eosinophils revealed that high-electron-dense material had disappeared from the cytoplasmic granules' central crystalloids. Arachidonic acid metabolites (PGE2, PGF2, 6-keto-PGF1 and TXB2) from the cyclooxygenase pathway were measured via gas mass-chromatography. Leukotrienes (LTC4 and LTD4) from the lipoxygenase pathway were measured via HPLC-radioimmunoassay. Especially noteworthy are the high level of leukotrienes and low level of prostaglandins in nasal polyp-associated ASA. The etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps in aspirin-sensitive asthma is postulated.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Epithelial ion transport of human nasal polyp and paranasal sinus mucosa.

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus have various functions. However, little information is available on ion transport in these upper airway epithelia. In the present study, we measured the anion secretion and the anion channel activity to characterize the ion transport in epithelial cells prepared from human paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and nasal polyp (NP). To estimate the anion secretion and the anion channel activity, we measured the short-circuit current (Isc) and the transepithelial conductance (Gt) sensitive to NPPB (a Cl(-) channel blocker). The NPPB-sensitive Isc in PSM was larger than that in NP, correlating to the NPPB-sensitive Gt (Cl(-) channel activity). Forskolin stably elevated the NPPB-sensitive Isc associated with an increase in the NPPB-sensitive Gt in PSM and NP. UTP transiently stimulated the Isc associated with an elevation of Gt in PSM and NP. The stimulatory action of UTP on Isc and Gt was diminished by application of NPPB but not benzamil in PSM and NP, suggesting that UTP induced the NPPB-sensitive Isc (Cl(-) secretion) and Gt (Cl(-) channel activity). These observations suggest that in human PSM and NP, cAMP stably stimulates anion secretion by activating the Cl(-) (anion) channels, and that UTP just transiently elevates anion secretion via activation of some Cl(-) (anion) channels.

Amiloride↗