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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Anatomical structure and surface epithelial distribution in the nasal cavity of the common cotton-eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

To validate use of the common cotton-eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in inhalation toxicity studies, its nasal morphology was examined. The nasal turbinates each consisted of one maxilloturbinate and one ethmoturbinate: these were more planar in structure than the comparable structures of rodents or dogs. The nasal cavity epithelia comprised squamous epithelium (SE), nasal transitional epithelium (NTE), respiratory epithelium (RE) and olfactory epithelium (OE), listed in order of occurrence from anterior to posterior positions. NTE was distributed as a narrow band lying between SE and RE. OE was limited to the dorsal part of the cavity, which was structurally similar to that of the macaque or man. Overall, this study revealed structural the similarity of the whole nasal cavity in the marmoset to that of macaques or humans. Prediction of nasal cavity changes in man based on extrapolation from experimentally induced changes in the common marmoset therefore seems likely to be feasible, making it a useful animal model for inhalation studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Oncocytic carcinoid of the nasal cavity and carcinoid of the lung in a child.

A 13-year-old girl with an oncocytic carcinoid of the nasal cavity and a bronchial carcinoid of classical type appearing one year later is reported. This investigation includes clinicopathological features, light and electron microscopic studies and immunohistochemical analysis of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) of both tumors as well as an enzyme histochemical analysis of the nasal tumor. Based on the light microscopic appearance and ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical findings, the nasal tumor was primarily diagnosed as an oncocytoma, but due to the finding of neurosecretory granules and positivity for NSE in tumor cells, we believe it should be regarded as an oncocytic carcinoid. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in literature of a carcinoid in the nose of a child and also the first case of simultaneous carcinoids in the bronchi and nasal cavity. The relationship between the nasal and the bronchial tumors, their origin from foregut-derived respiratory mucosa and their probable multicentric origin as opposed to metastatic origin is discussed. Furthermore, the criteria stipulated for the diagnosis of a true oncocytoma and oncocytic carcinoids are briefly discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pathology of head and neck tumors: nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, part 5.

Nasal polyps and epithelial papillomas of the sinonasal tract often manifest similar clinical signs and symptoms. The similarity ends, however, when one considers their disparate biologic behavior. Polyps are associated with atopy, infection, and some metabolic, systemic disorders, whereas papillomas are enigmatic in pathogenesis and do not have an association with possible precursor disorders. While recurrences of nasal polyps may be an annoyance for the patient, such recurrences lack the local aggressiveness of the papilloma. Malignancies are rare in nasal polyps, whereas the frequency of malignancies in papillomas is both statistically and biologically significant. In this report, selected aspects of nasal polyps are considered and serve to contrast with the clinicopathologic evaluation of epithelial papillomas.

Asthma↗
PubMed2006

Lung metastasis from an immature teratoma of the nasal cavity masquerading as small cell carcinoma of the lung.

We report a case of small cell lung cancer that turned out to be a metastatic teratoma from the nasal cavity rather than a new primary cancer. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with an immature teratoma of the nasal cavity with a predominant neuroblastomatous component. Small cell lung cancer was detected by bronchoscopic biopsy 21 months later, and it was treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy as if it had been a new primary cancer. Since a recurrent tumor containing fat- like density grew slowly on the serial chest CT scans after achieving complete response, we reached the conclusion that the small undifferentiated cells could be metastatic neuroblastomatous components from the immature teratoma of the nasal cavity.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1999

Bone window CT evaluation of the nasal cavity for the transsphenoidal approach.

Bone window CT findings sliced parallel to the transsphenoidal surgical route were evaluated preoperatively in 104 patients with pituitary lesions in order to assess their clinical significance. (1) The width and depth of the transsphenoidal operative fields were measured. The piriform aperture was 26.3 mm (SD 2.5) in maximum width, the origin of inferior nasal concha 27.0 mm (SD 2.5) and the origin of the middle nasal concha 26.8 mm (SD 3.8), respectively. The distance between the piriform aperture and the sellar floor was 61.6 mm (SD 3.6). The operative field was cylindrical in shape, approximating 26-27 mm in width and 62 mm in depth. (2) The width and length of bony nasal cavity were different by 2-3 mm in patients with and without acromegaly. (3) In re-operated patients, the location of thinned or atrophic nasal mucosa, residual bony septum and narrow sellar floor opening, which needed further bony removal were demonstrated. Bone window CT provides direct visualization of the nasal anatomy for the approach, and is useful in screening for patients with a narrow nasal cavity. It helps to determine rhinological manoeuvres for providing wide operative fields at the nasal cavity and sellar floor.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1978

Surgical approach to tumors of the nasal cavity.

In the past there has been a general reluctance among rhinologists to remove the entire lateral nasal wall for fear of causing drastic disturbances of nasal physiology. It has been our observation that the physiological disturbances are fairly minimal if the patient, following surgery, uses nasal saline irrigations daily. Sometimes a nasal siphon or water pik is required to prevent crusting. It has also been noted that when the septum is removed, a chronic antritis on the contralateral side will usually occur. It has been our practice to do an antrostomy on the uninvolved side when the septum has been removed for any reason. Ophthalmologists have shown some reticence to having the entire bony support of the medial wall of the orbit and half the floor removed. This does necessitate transecting the lacrimal duct at its neck. We have, however, seen no trouble with epiphora following this provided the sac was allowed to drain in to the open nasal cavity. The trochlea is by necessity deprived of its support; however, the periostium seems to provide adequate support here and we have noticed no troublesome permanent problems with function of this muscle. The periorbita, which has been robbed of its osseous support, quickly epithelializes with nasal mucosa and becomes a part of the nasal cavity. Requirements for intranasal douching with saline have varied; however, we have had no problems with bothersome crusting following b.i.d. nasal irrigations. In cases where a small portion of the inferior turbinate could be preserved, there was always extreme hypertrophy of this remnant which usually brings the nasal physiology back to a nearly normal state which seldom requires any special care whatever. This paper presents primarily a method of approaching tumors of the sinonasal area, especially when there is difficulty in determining whether the lesion arises from the septum or lateral wall of the nose.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An atypical esthesioneuroblastoma of the inferior nasal cavity and maxillary sinus: report of a case.

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the nasal cavity that originates from the olfactory epithelium. In this paper a very rare clinical presentation of this tumor is described. The tumor originated from the maxillary sinus and alveolar process, and was independent of the olfactory region. The patient was a 14-year-old girl presenting with facial swelling and nasal obstruction. Paranasal computed tomography showed a mass filling the right nasal cavity, infiltrating the alveolar process, eroding the anterior wall of the maxilla and invading the subcutaneous tissues of the cheek. Fine-needle aspiration and incisional biopsies identified an esthesioneuroblastoma. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we performed a right subtotal and left inferior maxillectomy and reconstructed the maxillary defect with a permanent obturator. At 2 years' follow-up the patient is free of recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior nasal cavity: a dual institution review.

Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior nasal cavity were identified at two university hospitals. A retrospective review was conducted to identify clinical presentation, initial therapy, recurrence rates, and factors affecting survival. Treatment included surgery (n = 15), radiation therapy (n = 9), or combination therapy (n = 8). The primary lesions involved either the septum, vestibule, columella, anterior floor, or a combination of these subsites. The primary tumor involved a single nasal subsite in 22 patients and multiple nasal subsites in 10 patients. All patients had de novo squamous lesions, and all tumors were staged N0 at initial diagnosis. Six patients received prophylactic neck irradiation, and none underwent elective neck dissection. Overall, 18 (56%) patients had recurrent disease after primary therapy (5 local and 13 regional). The 5-year disease-free survival was 42%, and the 5-year overall survival was 50%. None of the patients receiving prophylactic neck irradiation had a regional recurrence. Involvement of 2 or more nasal subsites significantly decreased survival (P < 0.05). Squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior nasal cavity is an aggressive disease, and combined therapy initially with strong consideration for prophylactic radiation to the facial and cervical lymphatics is advocated.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. XIV: Chordomas.

Twenty cases of a rare tumor, chordoma involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, or nasopharynx, are reported. Patients most often had localized headache, nasal obstruction, decreased hearing, or symptoms related to cranial nerve involvement, especially diplopia. A mass bulging into the nasopharynx, posterior nasal cavity, or pharynx was found on physical examination in 13 of these 20 patients, and in another 6 patients on radiologic examination. Paralysis of one or more cranial nerves was identified in the majority of patients who had tumors involving the upper nasopharynx. On radiologic examination, bone destruction was frequently identified in the clivus and sphenoid areas, and less commonly in the cervical vertebrae. Each patient had biopsy-proven tumor in the nasopharynx or sphenoid areas. Patients usually were treated by combinations of surgery and radiotherapy, in some cases leading to prolonged periods of apparent tumor control. Radiotherapy frequently resulted in regression of symptoms, sometimes lasting many months or years. A few tumors that involved mainly the lower nasopharynx were more amenable to surgical resection, in one case leading to apparent tumor control. In those cases with adequate follow-up information, most patients had either died of their disease or were living with recurrent or persistent inoperable tumor. Some patients lived for many months or years between recurrences or with known tumor, indicating that chordomas often are slowly growing neoplasms. The histologic features of these chordomas are described and illustrated, and the histopathologic differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies of malignant tumors in the nasal cavity].

Nineteen cases with malignant tumors in the nasal cavities have been treated at the department of otolaryngology, Yokoharma City University, during the 10 years from 1978 to 1987. 1. Cases were 8 males and 11 females, and their ages ranged from 27 to 84 years (Mean age: 64.6). 2. In the histological classification, 9 cases were the epithelial malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma 5; adenoid cystic carcinoma 2; transitional cell carcinoma 1; malignant pleomorphic adenoma 1), 9 cases were non-epithelial malignant tumors (malignant melanoma 6; malignant lymphoma 2; olfactory neuroblastoma 1), and one case was unclassified malignant tumor. 3. Cases with epithelial malignant tumors showed better prognosis after treatment of surgical and radiation therapy. But those of non-epithelial malignant tumor were worse. 4. A very rare case with malignant pleomorphic adenoma, originated at the lateral nasal wall was reported and its clinical features and treatment were discussed. This tumor has not been reported up to the present in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Model of disposition of drugs administered into the human nasal cavity.

A mathematical model was developed to describe the rate processes involved in the disposition of drugs placed in their delivery systems into the human nasal cavity. The model contains first-order parallel and sequential irreversible rate processes representing the convective drug and carrier transport by fluid flow, mucociliary clearance and peristalsis, drug release and absorption, and decomposition of the drug prior to its appearance in the systemic circulation. The numerical values of the parameters used are based on literature data from clearance studies of nonabsorbable markers deposited in the human nasal cavity, and data obtained under a variety of experimental conditions are consistent with the model. The effect of bioadhesive carriers is successfully simulated by reducing the mucociliary clearance rate constants for the transport from the posterior part of the nose into the gastrointestinal tract. The simulation shows that bioadhesion improves bioavailability and reduces the variability in absorption which might be caused by a variable pattern of deposition in the nose. Variable bioavailability could result from removal of the drug from the nasal cavity by sniffing, blowing, or wiping the nose, leading to different drug residence times in the nose. The model simulations further suggest that drug decomposition in the nose, while lowering bioavailability, also reduces variable absorption due to variable residence times of the drug in the nose.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1995

Morphologic changes in the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the Wistar rat.

A sequential study of lesions of the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) infection was made in the laboratory rat. Wistar rats were intranasally inoculated with approximately 10(3) TCID50 of the coronavirus SDAV. Transverse sections of four regions of the nasal cavity from inoculated and control animals were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 days postinoculation (PI). Lesions were observed in the following regions of the upper respiratory tract: respiratory epithelium, transitional epithelium, olfactory epithelium, nasolacrimal duct, vomeronasal organ, and the submucosal glands of the nasal passages. In general, in structures lined by ciliated epithelial cells, there was focal to segmental necrosis with exfoliation of affected cells and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration during the acute stages, progressing to squamous metaplasia during the reparative stages. Repair in these regions was essentially complete by 14 days PI. In the olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ, there was interstitial edema with necrosis and exfoliation of epithelial cells and minimal to moderate inflammatory cell response during the acute stages. Residual reparative lesions were still evident in the olfactory epithelium, the columnar epithelium and neuroepithelium of the vomeronasal organ, and the nasolacrimal duct at 14 days PI. Viral antigen was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in all regions during the acute stages of the disease, with the exception of the vomeronasal organ. In view of these findings, infections of the respiratory tract with viruses such as SDAV could have significant effects on functions such as olfaction and chemoreception for > or = 2 weeks postexposure in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Malignant melanoma affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a rare condition with a poor prognosis. The Head and Neck Oncology Clinic at the University Hospital Nottingham has treated 16 patients in an 8-year-period. Twelve patients were treated with primary radical surgery and salvage radiotherapy was used for 7 patients with local recurrence. This resulted in tumour shrinkage in 4 patients. Eight patients treated surgically, have died of systemic spread. Four are currently alive, although 2 have local disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Malignant teratoma of the nasal cavity.

A case of malignant teratoma of the nasal cavity in an adult is presented. Histologically, the tumor consisted of mesenchymal malignant structures in addition to entodermal and ectodermal malignant elements. Whereas surgical treatment of the primary tumor has been generally considered preferred, this patient was given a full course of radiation therapy alone to the primary lesion. There is no clinical evidence of tumor 5 years following diagnosis. Three years following treatment of the primary tumor, neck lymph node metastasis appeared contralaterally. Management of this problem was with radical neck dissection followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Function of the eyes, nose, and paranasal sinuses remains normal. A review of the literature suggests that radiotherapy is of little value in the management of malignant teratomas. This case demonstrates an opposite point of view.

Ethmoid Sinus↗
PubMed1998

Metastatic testicular teratoma of the nasal cavity: a rare cause of severe intractable epistaxis.

Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are uncommon. Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant germ cell tumour occurring in the reproductive organs. Metastasis may be principally by the lymphatic route as in other germ cell tumours but choriocarcinoma is also known to spread haematogenously. We present a rare case of metastatic choriocarcinoma to the nasal cavity from testicular teratoma presenting with intractable epistaxis in a 32-year-old Caucasian male, who ultimately succumbed to this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Teratocarcinosarcoma of the nasal cavity. Report of a case showing favorable prognosis.

We report a very rare case of teratocarcinosarcoma of the nasal cavity showing a favorable prognosis. The patient was a 66-year-old man with a mass completely obstructing the right nasal cavity. Subsequently, extirpation of the mass and Denker-Watsuji operation were performed, and the patient was treated with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Neither recurrence nor distant metastasis was observed during follow-up lasting 30 months. Histologic examination of the resected mass revealed several tissue elements including columnar and squamous epithelia with atypia, smooth muscle cells with rare mitotic activity, and neuroectodermal tissue. The glandular epithelium and smooth muscle cells were reminiscent of a primitive intestinal organoid structure, suggestive of teratomatous tumorigenesis. Our case and a review of the literature indicate that the absence of invasiveness to the stroma or surrounding tissue is closely related to a favorable prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The role of intensity modulated radiation therapy for favorable stage tumor of the nasal cavity or ethmoid sinus.

OBJECTIVES: To compare intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), 4-field conformal, and the standard 3-field conventional technique of radiotherapy for favorable stage tumors of the nasal cavity or ethmoid sinus. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We compared the 3 techniques in 3 patients with tumors of the nasal cavity or ethmoid sinus that did not involve the eye or optic pathways. We required that each plan deliver the prescription dose (70.2 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction) to 95% of the planning target volume. We compared the maximum point dose to critical normal structures (brainstem, optic chiasm, optic nerves, retina, lens). RESULTS: : IMRT and the 4-field conformal technique were clearly better than the 3-field conventional technique. The 4-field conformal plan was as good as IMRT. CONCLUSIONS: The conventional 3-field technique is not the best way to treat most patients with tumors between the eyes. A 4-field conformal plan is an excellent alternative to IMRT for some patients with tumors of the nasal cavity or ethmoid sinus. Conformal radiotherapy with a noncoplaner field that exits into the low neck may make it difficult to electively irradiate the neck lymphatics. IMRT may be a better option in this situation.

Ethmoid Sinus↗
PubMed1998

Cobalt 60 radiotherapy for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in three horses.

Three adult horses underwent aggressive treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, using course-fractionated cobalt 60 radiotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is not commonly diagnosed in horses. Historically, horses with this type of neoplasm have not been treated or have undergone some form of surgery. The prognosis for long-term survival or cure has been poor. Long-term results of cobalt 60 radiotherapy were good to excellent and exceeded those usually reported for horses treated surgically. On the basis of these results, use of radiotherapy for these neoplasms is recommended.

Animals↗