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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spatial pattern of lithorheophile macrobenthos (by the example of a stream in Moscow region)].

The distribution of lithorheophil macrobenthos was studied in the range of scales from decimeter (regions in the scope of one stone) up to seven kilometers on the basis of 153 quantitative samples from oligosaprobic stream in Moscow region. Community shows significant spatial heterogeneity even at the small scale: life forms inhabit different sides of each stone and different sites of the riffle depending on current. At the scale of tens and hundreds of meters (between different riffles, within one stream) spatial heterogeneity of benthos is low, distribution of common species is independent from each other and riffs are similar by community structure. At the scope of kilometers heterogeneity increase and the alterations of community appear due to changes in stream size. Seasonal differences of benthos distribution are mentioned. The impact of various environmental factors on the distribution of lithorheophile macrobenthos is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synanthropic fleas (Siphonaptera) biting people in Moscow and control of their size].

The species composition of fleas attacking man in Moscow, the time course of changes in their size, and the efficiency of disinfecting measures against them have been studied. The basement premises are the commonest habitat of fleas. The absolute predominant species in these biotopes are Cetenocephalides felis (Boushe) whose feeders are dogs, synanthropic rodents, and humans, other than cats. Micropopulations of the fleas have been existed in some structures for more than 5 years (a follow-up period). A mathematical analysis of the factors that influence the efficiency of disinfestation has established that the most influential factors were the factors associated with the poor state of basement premises (the presence of a substrate for the breeding and shelter of fleas, the possibility of homeless animals and rodents, the feeders of fleas, to penetrate there) that reduce the residual effect of insecticides. Out of 15 applied insecticides, those based on chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate showed the highest efficacy. The combined use of liquid and powered insecticides is most effective in disinfestation. The treatments made in the periods when the number of fleas is small in the basements (April-May and August-September) provide the most prolonged residual effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Moscow schoolchildren zinc status: correction of zinc insufficiency by organic zinc compounds].

The paper presents the results of study of zinc hair content in 43 Moscow schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years of both sex (May 2003 to December 2003). Significant drop of zinc hair content was established in 67% of schoolchildren. It was shown that the organic form of zinc enchanted zinc hair content. The findings will be used to implement preventive and health-promoting measures among schoolchildren.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Use of tremonorm in treatment of Parkinson's disease: outpatient experience of Moscow Municipal Health Care Service].

The efficacy of domestic drug tremonorm (levadopa-carbidopa) for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment was studied. The treatment was conducted in neurological outpatient departments in several Moscow administrative regions and was administered to 142 PD patients, 15 being assigned to this drug for the first time and 127 being previously treated with other medications containing levadopa/carbidopa. A minimal effective dose (up to 500 mg) was selected for each patient and was not changed during 2 months. For patients previously switched to levadopa, the change for tremonorm has been done during 1 day if the dose of levadopa did not exceed 500 mg, and during 2 months in case a patient received over 500 mg per day. Modified Hoehn&Yahr scale, UPDRS, MMSE, PDQ-39 and other scales were used in complex evaluation of the disease stage. Positive effect of tremonorm was detected for 94 patients (66.2%), all of them continued tremonorm therapy after the end of the study. The most frequent side-effects proved to be dyspeptic symptoms. Tremonorm caused statistically significant positive changes in patient's movement scaled by UPDRS and the QL indexes in all PDQ-39 subscales. Positive changes in movement activity were accompanied by decrease of bradykinesia, tremor, better walking, writing and every day activity of PD patients. A change of nacom for tremonorm did not result in significant alteration of symptoms and Quality of Life indexes that suggest similar influence of these drugs on PD symptomatology. At the same time, a substantially lower price of tremonorm allows reducing of treatment costs.

Carbidopa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Detection of sapoviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Moscow in 2002-2003].

Sapoviruses were found, for the first time, to be circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in the city of Moscow. On the basis of a genetic analysis, they were classified as belonging to genotypes 1 and 2. Two groups of sapoviruses that are essentially different from the strains presented now at the GenBank NCBI were described within the case study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Road safety and medical care to victims of road accidents in Moscow in 1999-2003].

There has been an increase of victims including lethal cases, primarily among male aged 20-39, in road accidents (RA) in Moscow during the recent 5 years, 1999-2003. A high level of RA severity (number of lethal cases per 100 of victims) is especially typical of novice drivers. First aid on the RA spot is rendered only to 4% of victims; the percentage of lethal cases before hospital has been recently on the rise: victims die mainly of blood loss or shock, in other words, they die not of injuries, which are incompatible with life, but of a lack of emergency medical care. More drive time needed by the ambulance vehicle from the RA place to hospital as well as worse standards of emergency care rendered to RA victims are also unfavorable factors. Purpose-oriented actions undertaken under the existing circumstances in respect of socially vulnerable categories of people as well as implementation of preventive measures could be most effective for the protection of public health.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

[Evolution of atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries in practically healthy men in Moscow for a 40-year period].

AIM: To assess 40 years evolution of atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries among practically healthy Moscow men. METHODS: We compared results of 2 studies of prevalence and extent (area) of atherosclerotic lesions in thoracic and abdominal aorta and 2 main coronary arteries. The studies were conducted in 1963-1965 and 2002-2003 according to WHO program. RESULTS: Prevalence of coronary artery stenoses as well as prevalence and area of raised lesions in these arteries were higher among violent death victims studied in 2002-2003. Raised lesions in both parts of aorta and in left anterior descending coronary artery were more pronounced also in men studied in 2002-2003.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Haemophilus influenzae antibiotic resistant strains isolated in Moscow in 2002-2004].

The results of 3-year observation on emergence of H. influenzae antibiotic resistant strains in Moscow are summarized. The study included 566 strains isolated from patients in 2002-2004. The susceptibility was determined by the 2-fold microdilution method on the Haemophilus test medium. The percentage of the resistant strains isolated in 2002, 2003 and 2004 was the following: ampicillin --4.9, 3.2 and 3.6%, tetracycline--3.3, 3.2 and 1.8% and co-trimoxazole--10.9, 20.9 and 20% respectively. The strains isolated in 2003 and 2004 were resistant to azithromycin in 0.6 and 1.8% of the isolates and to clarithromycin in 1.3 and 3.2% of the isolates respectively. Five isolates differed by the minimum resistance to ampicillin whereas producing no beta-lactamase (BLNAR strains). The drugs of choice for the treatment of respiratory tract infections mainly due to H. influenzae, i.e. acute otitis and sinusitis, chronic bronchitis exacerbation and sometimes pneumonia remain betalactam antibiotics. From the microbiological viewpoint the inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins, cefuroxime and cefotaxime have no significant advantages vs. amoxycillin. The use of cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol should be considered inexpedient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[The tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow].

The existing need for objective assessing methods of different reform strategies in the health care system and of the epidemic situation has resulted in the setting-up of monitoring systems as the most efficient and rapid tool to solve health care problems on the evidence basis provided that the primary data are highly valid. Clinical epidemiological methods with monitoring results kept in mind make it possible to search for the optimum approaches to achieving a qualitative, accessible, and effective program for health care delivered to the population. The tuberculosis monitoring system to be introduced in Moscow can pool an information flow at the urban level, furnishes an opportunity to analyze and assess the activities of a phthisiological service, makes it possible to obtain pooled data on areas, to assess the epidemic situation and tuberculosis-controlling work, and to work out and implement antiepidemic measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Results of the study on antibiotic resistance emergence among pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections in Moscow. Phase I].

A rise of resistance in uropathogens to all agents used for the management of urinary tract infections has been observed in Moscow. However, because of the broad spectrum and favourable safety parameters, fluoroquinolones remain the drugs of choice for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections. Among them levofloxacin is preferable. When the use of fluoroquinolones is contraindicated, the 1st-3rd generation cephalosporins are advisable. Nitrofurans are expedient in the treatment of acute and relapsing cystitis. By the antibacterial activity and bioavailability sodium furasidin is advantages among the nitrofurans.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A complex forensic-medical molecular-genetic examination of the victims of terroristic bombing in Moscow underground].

The authors emphasize the need in coordination when conducting expert examinations in investigation of accidents with a great number of victims. Coordination is of special importance for combined application of molecular-genetic technologies and standard forensic medical investigations. The experience in experts cooperation in investigation of terroristic bombing in Moscow underground on February 6, 2004, according to algorithm of combined use of conventional forensic medical methods and innovating techniques of molecular-genetic identification for personal identification of dead bodies in accidents with a great number of victims is demonstrated.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Virulent properties of hospital strains of bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, isolated in hospitals of Moscow].

The results of the study of hospital strains of the B. cepacia complex, isolated in hospitals of Moscow, with the use of phenotypical and molecular-genetic methods are presented. The phenotypical methods made it possible to differentiate Russian strains and classify them with a group of genomovars (I, III, IV). As the result the epidemic importance of the strains with epidemic markers, having specific characteristics for every clinic, was determined. The detection of the collection of genes cepI and cepR in the strains made confirmed the epidemic importance of the stains which had, due to the regulatory "quorum sensing" (QS) system, the potential capacity for inducing infection and persisting in the patient's body. The presence of gene cepR in all strains and the absence of gene cepl in 33% of strains gave evidence to suggest that in some strains the activation of the production of pathogenicity factors required the presence of other bacteria having the fully developed QS system. Thus, the new complex approach with the use of phenotypical and molecular-genetic methods permits more precise identification of the source of hospital infection induced by the bacteria of the B. cepacia complex.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural foci of leptospirosis in Moscow in 1995 - 2004].

The article deals with the results of the 10-year study of the synanthropic urban foci of leptospirosis on the territory of Moscow. Information on the manifestation of the activity of the foci under study, rodents serving as the reservoir of infection in these foci, the etiological structure of the leptospires among these rodents, the state of leptospirosis morbidity among humans is presented.

Agglutination↗
PubMed2006

[System preserving radiation safety for Moscow population].

Radiation safety system functioning on Moscow territory enables to control potential dangerous sources, opportunely reveal and liquidate accidents and pollutions, forecast degree of radiation jeopardy according to its components.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The trend in lethal poisonings with narcotic substances in Moscow].

The analysis of the 1989-2005 records of the Moscow Bureau of Forensic-Medical Examinations, statistics on lethal narcotic poisonings by gender, age, education, social and family status has revealed that the trend to reduction of the number of narcotic substances (NS) poisonings stopped in 2003. There was a 238.4% rise in the above poisonings in 2004. The highest rise was in the age group of 21-25-year-olds (35.7%; CI = 0.34-0.37; p = 0.05) and 26-30-year-olds (29.6%; CI = 0.28-0.31; p = 0.05). Among lethal cases one-third were unemployed (35.8%; CI = 0.34-0.37; p = 0.05) and one-forth were workers (22.2%; CI = 0.20-0.24; p = 0.05). By the family status, most of the dead were unmarried (57%; CI = 0.55-0.59; p = 0.05). This study gives a complete and accurate picture of the structure of narcotic drug poisonings. Relevant preventive measures are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Wild small mammals are the reservoir hosts of the Bartonella genus bacteria in the south of Moscow region].

A total of 103 blood samples collected from wild small mammals captured in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve on the south of Moscow region were studied to determine the bartonellae prevalence. The examined species were the yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis (35 samples), the European wood mouse Apodemus uralensis (10 samples), the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (51 samples), the house mouse Mus musculus (3 samples), the common vole Microtus arvalis (2 samples), and the shrew Sorex araneus (2 samples). Initially, we obtained 76 bacterial Bartonella-like isolates after plating onto the surface of the solid nutrient media. 66 of them were PCR-positive at least for three of four targets, gltA, ftsZ, ribC and 16S RNA. Thus, the percentage of the infection in the studied community was 64%. Subsequent RFLP assay showed that obtained isolates belonged to the Bartonella grahamii and/or B. taylorii species. In 7 cases we found both bartonellae species in one animal. These data were confirmed by direct sequencing of four ftsZ, four ribC and two gltA amplicons. According to our data, there is no any marked host specificity for these bartonellae species. Now we have laid the bartonellae strain collection consisting of 31 isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the bartonellae prevalence in wild small mammals performed in Russia. The comparison of our data with those obtained by European researchers and issues of coinfection by different bartonellae species and host specificity are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spring macrobenthos communities of the Moscow province].

Macrozoobenthos communities are described based on material from 70 springs and spring brooks of the Moscow province. The communities include 587 taxa of various origin: 27 rheophiles, 11 crenobionts, 10 ubiquists of small water bodies, and 3 limnophiles. Rheophile species predominate in diversity (52%) and total abundance (41.5%). Crenobionts include Beraea pullata, B. maura, Crunoecia irrorata, Apatania zonella, Parachiona picicornis, Potamophylax nigrocornis, Oxycera pseudoamoena, O. rara, O. pardalina, Pedicia rivosa, Thaumalea testacea; six of these are recorded in the region for the first time. Four types of spring communities are recognised in the region according to the Braun-Blanquet method: with predominant Rhyacophilafasciata and Baetis rhodani (macrorheocrenes), Potamophylax nigroicornis (microrheocrenes), Nemurella pictetii (limnocrenes), and Parachiona picicornis (helocrenes). Three of them are confined to water bodies of different size and flow velocity; one (N. pictetii) is linked to weakly flowing silted wated bodies. Change of spring communities is often observed also downstream due to the distance from the opening of the spring. The structure of rheocrene communities is most similar to that of brooks, that are significantly larger than the rheocrenes. Limnocrene and helocrene communities have no counterparts among communities of other types of water bodies. Some of the specific traits of spring communities fit the island theory and can be explained by it. Comparison of the studied communities with those of springs of Sweden and England reveals wide variance of the general faunistic composition of the communities with a rather stable assortmeont of troglobiot species.

Animals↗