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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Rapid method for monitoring galactosylation levels during recombinant antibody production by electrospray mass spectrometry with selective-ion monitoring.

This report describes a simple and rapid method to determine the relative amounts of glycoforms differing in terminal galactose on a recombinant antibody produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The method uses a single quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to an HPLC system to quantify the glycoform amounts found on a recombinant antibody that binds to the human CD20 antigen. Samples from the recombinant antibody process are reduced and injected directly into the HPLC system where the heavy and light chain antibody fragments, as well as host-cell protein contaminants, are separated chromatographically. Mass-selective detection is performed in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode to monitor the most abundant (38+) ions corresponding to the glycoforms found on the heavy chain of the recombinant antibody. Results obtained using the assay demonstrate good sensitivity, linearity and reproducibility. Comparison to a method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) of the labeled free oligosaccharides demonstrates similar quantitation of the glycoforms in the recombinant antibody. The LC-MS method provides a simple and rapid means for accurately quantifying antibody glycoforms directly from cell culture and other process samples.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Monitoring the cellular activity of a cultured single cell by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). A comparison with fluorescence viability monitoring.

The respiratory activities of cultured HeLa cells were monitored at a single cell level using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) that produces images of the localized distribution of oxygen around the cell. The change in the cellular activity was traced after exposures to KCN, ethyl alcohol and the antibiotic drug, Antimycin A. The results were compared with those from the conventional fluorescence monitoring using Calcein-AM that is sensitive to deformation of the cell membrane. The SECM-based measurement follows the decrease in the cellular activity upon exposure to KCN and Antimycin A more rapidly than the fluorescence-based measurements, demonstrating that SECM is suitable for studying the cellular influence of respiration inhibitors.

Antimycin A↗
PubMed1999

Transcranial Doppler monitoring compared with invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure during acute intracranial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a simple transcanial Doppler waveform variable-pulsatility difference (systolic - diastolic blood flow velocity) can serve as a measure of critical changes in cerebral perfusion. METHODS: Thirteen pigs were anesthetized (anesthesia maintained with halothane) and ventilated to maintain normoxia and normocarbia. To measure mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, and blood gases, the right carotid artery was cannulated. The right intracranial lateral ventricle was cannulated to measure and increase intracranial pressure; the right internal jugular vein was cannulated in 8 of 13 pigs to measure jugular venous oxygen saturation and to calculate cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference. Intracranial pressure was also monitored continuously with a subdural bolt in the contralateral frontal region, and blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was measured with a transcranial Doppler probe on the right orbital region. Intracranial pressure was increased in increments of 10 to 20 mmHg by infusing saline through the ventriculostomy catheter until the transcranial Doppler indicated that blood flow velocity had ceased, at which point all variables were allowed to return to baseline. If mean arterial pressure failed to return to baseline, epinephrine, 0.01 to 0.1 microg/kg/min, was infused. Useful data were obtained from 8 pigs and were analyzed separately for pigs that received epinephrine (n = 4) and those that did not (n = 4). RESULTS: Transcranial Doppler measurements correlated more closely with cerebral perfusion pressure = (mean arterial pressure - intracranial pressure) than with intracranial pressure. In the range of 30 to 60 mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure correlated linearly with the pulsatility difference. The closest nonlinear correlation (third order polynomial relationship) was noted between cerebral perfusion pressure and pulsatility difference (r = 0.8, P < 0.001, n = 217), for the animals that did not receive epinephrine. When a cerebral perfusion pressure < 60 mmHg and a cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference > 6.5 vol% were used to define limits of abnormal, pulsatility difference was a sensitive and specific indicator of abnormality in either variable. Pulsatility difference of > 70 cm/sec had > 77.1% and 86.7% positive accuracy rate, and < 0% and 14.3% negative accuracy rate for abnormal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral arterio-venous O2 (C[a-v]O2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In pigs with induced diffuse intracranial hypertension, noninvasive transcranial Doppler waveform monitoring of pulsatility difference can identify increased cerebral oxygen extraction and dangerously decreased cerebral perfusion pressure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Monitoring salivary misonidazole in man: a possible alternative to plasma monitoring.

Concentrations of misonidazole and its O-demethylated metabolite Ro 05-9963 in the plasma and saliva of 10 patients with malignant disease have been determined. A good linear correlation was established between plasma and saliva misonidazole concentration, and salivary sampling was found to be suitable for the estimation of a number of pharmacokinetic parameters. Data are also presented for serial tumour cencentrations of misonidazole and Ro 05-9963 in 3 of the 10 patients. Monitoring of salivary misonidazole concentration appears to be a useful alternative to plasma monitoring, particularly for those patients in whom plasma sampling is unsuitable or impossible.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the COBAS Amplicor HCMV Monitor for early detection and monitoring of human cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Early diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and the introduction of preemptive antiviral therapy have reduced HCMV-related mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. A critical goal remains stratifying risk profiles and minimizing potential harm owing to antiviral overtreatment. We compared the commercially available standardized COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor (CACM) to an in-house PCR assay, for the monitoring of HCMV infection. Seventy-two patients were surveyed by an in-house PCR of whole blood, quantitative viral load assessment by CACM and virus culture assays in a prospective and a retrospective study. A high concordance between CACM and PCR was documented. The viral load at onset correlated with the peak viral load (Spearman rank correlation R=0.634, P=0.0004). In patients developing HCMV disease, both viral loads were in trend higher (P=0.823, respectively P=0.053), and the viremic episodes longer (P=0.015), as compared to asymptomatically HCMV-infected patients. The serological pre-transplant status was the major risk factor for the development of HCMV disease, showing highest risk for seropositive patients receiving a seronegative graft, whereas donor type (related or unrelated) and graft type (bone marrow or peripheral blood mobilized stem cells) did not have an influence. HCMV infection proved to be a risk factor for the development of non-viral opportunistic infections (P=0.002).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Inter-rater reliability of Monitor, Senior Monitor and Qualpacs.

This paper describes inter-rater reliability of three quality assessment instruments: Monitor, Senior Monitor and Qualpacs. The work forms part of a Department of Health funded study examining the reliability and validity of these three instruments. Inter-rater reliability is not a fixed entity and therefore should be tested every time raters or the setting change. In this instance, testing was carried out in three wards (one elderly and two surgical). Two methods of analysis were used: percent agreement and intra-class correlation coefficient. Results and some of the techniques that were found to be useful in enhancing reliability are described. Acceptable levels of inter-rater reliability with all three instruments were reached.

Geriatric Nursing↗
PubMed1997

Gene Therapy Monitoring: Clinical Monitoring for Efficacy and Potential Toxicity.

Since the first human clinical trial was initiated in 1990, the field of gene therapy has gone through a period explosive growth. Building on a sound foundation of many years of basic and clinical research this novel therapeutic approach has the potential to revolutionize medicine. As gene therapy moves from a research setting, however, clinical monitoring for efficacy and potential toxicity will become increasingly important, perhaps becoming as commonplace as therapeutic drug monitoring is today.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Efficiency and accuracy of disease monitoring systems: application of capture-recapture methods to injury monitoring.

Capture-recapture methods were employed to determine the most accurate and efficient approaches to monitor adolescent injuries. Multiple sources were used to ascertain cases of adolescent injuries that occurred between September 1 and December 31, 1991, in a single school district in metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Eliminating the duplicate cases between the sources revealed 144 verified injuries; 127 (88.2%) were identified by student monthly recalls, 33 (22.9%) by daily attendance records, 58 (40.3%) by medical excuses, and 72 (50.0%) by a 4-month student recall. Capture-recapture analyses were undertaken to assess potential dependencies between the sources, to estimate the degree of underascertainment in the population, and to evaluate the efficiency of the individual sources and the combinations between them. It was estimated that 91% of the cases in the population were ascertained when all four methods of case finding were utilized. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that accurate injury estimates could be achieved using combinations of only two or three of the sources. An analysis of the efficiency of the methods of ascertainment revealed a trade-off between effort (the number of hours needed to identify cases) and the precision (coefficient of variation) of the injury estimates. Capture-recapture analysis not only provided an approach to evaluate and adjust for undercount but also offered a formal means to evaluate the most efficient combination of the sources to maximize completeness while minimizing effort. The use of these techniques has the potential to evaluate and improve injury surveillance as well as other disease monitoring systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Monitor-outside-a-monitor effect and self-similar fractal structure in the eigenmodes of unstable optical resonators.

A novel mechanism is proposed for the generation of self-similar structure over a limited range of length scales. Our mechanism, which we call the monitor-outside-a-monitor effect, comprises repeated magnification and addition of small-scale structure. We invoke this mechanism to explain recent observations of fractal structure in the eigenmodes of unstable optical resonators [G. P. Karman et al., Nature (London) 402, 138 (1999)].

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Comparative evaluation of semiautomated COBAS AMPLICOR hepatitis B virus (HBV) monitor test and manual microwell plate-based AMPLICOR HBV MONITOR test.

Comparative evaluation of the semiautomated COBAS AMPLICOR hepatitis B virus (HBV) MONITOR Test (COBAS-HBV) and manual AMPLICOR HBV MONITOR Test (AMPLICOR-HBV) on 208 serum samples revealed no significant difference in the sensitivities of the two assays. Twenty samples tested HBV DNA negative and 183 samples tested HBV DNA positive by both assays. Three samples tested positive by COBAS-HBV only and two samples tested positive by AMPLICOR-HBV only. HBV DNA concentrations determined by the two assays were significantly related (n = 183, r = 0.97, P < 0.0001), which indicates that COBAS-HBV could replace AMPLICOR-HBV. The major inconvenience of COBAS-HBV is the required performance of appropriate predilutions of high-titer samples in order to extend the narrow dynamic range of the assay.

Automation↗
PubMed1998

Improved hemodynamics shown by continuous monitoring of electrical impedance during external counterpulsation with the end-diastolic pneumatic boot and improved ambulatory EKG monitoring after 3 weeks of therapy.

Six normal subjects and 12 patients with clinical angina and significant ST depressions during baseline ambulatory cardiac monitoring were given a single treatment with the end-diastolic pneumatic compression boot, the Circulator Boot. With the use of continuous electrical impedance measurements, multiple hemodynamic variables were followed in five situations: (1) baseline before pumping; during end-diastolic pumping (2) on both legs after every heartbeat, (3) on one leg after every heartbeat, and (4) on both legs on alternate beats; and (5) during pumping on both legs during every systole. Both an increase in venous return and a reduction in afterload likely contributed to significant increases in cardiac output (CO) (51.1 +/- 33.6%), stroke volume (SV) (52.1 +/- 35.6%), change in impedance over time (dZ/dT) (72.0 +/- 68.1%), cardiac index (CI) (51.2 +/- 33.8%), and acceleration index (50.7 +/- 62.2%) during end-diastolic pumping on both legs after every heartbeat. A crucial role for afterload reduction was implied by opposite effects observed on CO, CI, dZ/dT, and SV during systolic pumping. Again, reductions (or a lack of an increase) in ventricular ejection time and/or the preejection period suggested a decrease in afterload during end-diastolic pumping. Pumping on one leg after every beat and on both legs on alternate beats was also effective but less so. After the initial study, the patients were given 14 additional end-diastolic treatments to both legs over 3 weeks. A clinical benefit for the patients was shown by symptomatic improvement in all patients along with a significant reduction in the amount and duration of the RST abnormalities in their ambulatory heart monitoring (p = 0.012).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of ambulatory cassette EEG monitoring: III. Diagnostic accuracy compared to intensive inpatient EEG monitoring.

We assessed the ability to recognize epileptiform abnormalities on a video review of ambulatory cassette EEGs (A/EEG) by comparing two independent interpretations of an A/EEG to those derived from a routine recording and intensive monitoring by cable telemetry (C/EEG) of the same 40 patients. Both A/EEG readings concurred with the C/EEG interpretation as to normality or epileptiform abnormality in 77% of cases. Seventy-nine percent of focal and 100% of generalized interictal abnormalities, as well as all seizures, noted on C/EEG were detected by both A/EEG reviewers. Of patients with normal baseline EEGs, 37% showed epileptiform features on A/EEG versus 44% with C/EEG. Limits to the characterization of abnormalities by A/EEG and a protocol for the video review of A/EEG tapes are discussed. In those specific areas for which intensive surface EEG monitoring is most useful, ambulatory cassette EEG appears to be an acceptable intermediate-level alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Aging and monitoring associative learning: is monitoring accuracy spared or impaired?

Mixed lists of associatively related and unrelated paired associates were used to study monitoring of associative learning. Older and younger adults produced above-chance levels of relative accuracy, as measured by intraindividual correlations (gamma) of judgments of learning (JOLs) with item recall. JOLs were strongly influenced by relatedness, and this effect was greater for older adults. Relative accuracy was higher for unrelated than for related pairs. Correlations of JOLs with item recall for a randomly yoked learner indicated that access to one's own encoding experiences increased relative accuracy. Both age groups manifested a contrast effect (lower JOLs for unrelated items when mixed with related items). Aging appears to spare monitoring of encoding, even though it adversely affects associative learning.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Is non-invasive monitoring of arteriovenous fistulas using temperature monitoring a good test for stenosis?].

INTRODUCTION: A well functioning vascular access is essential for hemodialysis patients. A major cause of vascular access dysfunction is the development of venous stenosis. Early detection of developing stenosis could prolong their life. Elevated recirculation can detect vascular failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the period of 13 months we measured recirculation using blood temperature monitor (BTM) in 26 patients. RESULTS: We obtained 140 measurements and found recirculation in 11 (42.3%) patients. All 11 patients underwent contrast venograms, and 8 Duplex sonography in addition. Ten (38.4%) patients received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, 5 of them with stent placement, for severe stenosis. CONCLUSION: Vascular access blood monitoring, along with preventive interventions, should be the standard of care in chronic hemodialysis patients. By treating stenosis early, it is possible to prolong the patency of vascular access.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Clinical applications of commercially available video recording and monitoring systems: inexpensive, high-quality video recording and monitoring systems for endoscopy and microsurgery.

The exclusive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera system for the endoscope and electronic fiberscopes are in widespread use. However, both are usually stationary in an office or examination room, and a wheeled cart is needed for mobility. The total costs of the CCD camera system and electronic fiberscopy system are at least US Dollars 10,000 and US Dollars 30,000, respectively. Recently, the performance of audio and visual instruments has improved dramatically, with a concomitant reduction in their cost. Commercially available CCD video cameras with small monitors have become common. They provide excellent image quality and are much smaller and less expensive than previous models. The authors have developed adaptors for the popular mini-digital video (mini-DV) camera. The camera also provides video and acoustic output signals; therefore, the endoscopic images can be viewed on a large monitor simultaneously. The new system (a mini-DV video camera and an adaptor) costs only US Dollars 1,000. Therefore, the system is both cost-effective and useful for the outpatient clinic or casualty setting, or on house calls for the purpose of patient education. In the future, the authors plan to introduce the clinical application of a high-vision camera and an infrared camera as medical instruments for clinical and research situations.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1989

[The validity of parameters in neonatal diagnosis and fetal monitoring of breech deliveries. 2. Problems in fetal monitoring in the breech position--a proposal for a standardized biochemical diagnosis].

By means of 149 fetal microblood samplings (FBA) from the breech in deliveries in breech presentation and by means of 64 cardiotocograms the validity of biochemical parameters and biophysical ones of fetal monitoring will be investigated. It takes an increased number of suspect or pathologic CTG into account in cases of breech presentation. By means of FBA it is possible to exclude or to confirm the supposed acidoses. By this the rate of operations during delivery can be reduced or the operation will be indicated respectively. A normal fetal pH resulting from the general biochemical monitoring does enlarge the obstetricians license when the fetus presents himself in advanced parturition in pelvic floor (hold back of breech during assisted spontaneous delivery). A pH less than 7.15 demands an immediate delivery. A prognosis of fetal outcome by means of FBA and CTG is not possible due to difficulties in calculation of the final stage of breech presentation. The difference between fetal pH measured in pelvic floor and pH in umbilical artery must be kept as small as possible and it might be regarded as criterion of the management of the delivery in breech presentation.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1988

[Non-invasive versus invasive cardiovascular monitoring. Determination of stroke volume and pulmonary hydration using a new bioimpedance monitor].

Measurement of hemodynamic parameters by noninvasive techniques is gaining more and more popularity in the face of severe complications associated with invasive methods. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance is a noninvasive means of estimating cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary edema formation. The validity of this method, however, has been controversial. In the present study a new bioimpedance monitoring system (NCCOM 3) was used in 10 intensive care patients undergoing mechanical hemofiltration (group I) and in 20 cardiac surgery patients undergoing either aortic valve replacement (AVR, group IIa, n = 10) or aorto-coronary bypass grafting (CABG, group IIb, n = 10). In cardiac surgery patients the measurements were performed before as well as after extracorporeal circulation (ECC). CO measured by the impedance monitor was compared to the standard thermodilution method; pulmonary fluids were estimated by a thermo-dye technique and by measurement of total electrical impedance (base impedance), expressed as the thoracic fluid index (TFI). The principal finding of the study was that CO as measured by the two techniques differed significantly in all groups with regard to absolute values. The relative changes in CO, however, were comparable in both intensive care patients and CABG patients. In patients with special thoracic blood flow conditions (regurgitation in aortic insufficiency patients), no corresponding course of CO could be found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

The benefits of drug monitoring in patients with bacterial meningitis, eg, chloramphenicol monitoring.

Regular drug monitoring during therapy with chloramphenicol sodium succinate is actually recommended by expert centers. In this report a case of meningitis due to Salmonella typhimurium is described, which underlines the necessity of examining both the chloramphenicol and the chloramphenicol succinate concentrations. It is suggested that medical microbiologists and clinicians should be encouraged to take advantage of new, quick, and sensitive methods for drug monitoring in order to achieve optimal therapy.

Chloramphenicol↗