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PubMed1997

Didelphid behavior.

There are approximately 75 species of American opossums (didelphids). Systematic behavioral research has been reported for only a small number of species, namely, Monodelphis domestica and Didelphis virginiana. Observational studies and field reports on several other didelphid species have also been published. The current review covers behavioral studies on didelphids including research on territoriality, reproductive behaviors, parturition, maternal behaviors, nest-building, vocalizations, scent-marking, circadian rhythms, swimming, locomotion, discrimination learning, maze learning, operant learning, problem box learning, exploration, death-feigning, predatory behavior, and prey manipulation. Didelphid behavior is compared in several contexts with eutherian mammals. Other than death-feigning, which has only been reported for one or two didelphid species, the behaviors observed in didelphids are qualitatively similar to those of eutherian mammals. Nevertheless, differences can be seen in prey manipulation and spatial maze behavior. Social interactions appear to be sparser in opossums than in most eutherian mammals. However, the scarcity of systematic research on didelphid behavior still prevents firm conclusions regarding these ancient and interesting mammals. Futher research on didelphids is warranted, particularly since they provide a natural comparison group for small generalist eutherians.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral effects of early rearing conditions and neonatal lesions of the visual cortex in kittens.

Kittens with neonatal lesions of the marginal and posterolateral gyri, along with unoperated controls, were reared either in an enriched environment or in laboratory cages. Kittens with lesions were inferior to controls at learning mazes and at discriminating forms and gratings, whether they were raised in enriched or impoverished conditions. Enrichment did not facilitate form or grating discrimination by either normal or operated cats, although such experience facilitated maze learning by both groups. It is concluded that early enrichment of sensorimotor experience was probably not the cause of the complete sparing of pattern vision after neonatal damage of the visual cortex reported in earlier studies. Discussion centers on task variables and completeness of the lesions as reasons for sparing of vision.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The uterine environment enhances cognitive competence.

Genetically identical mouse embryos were transferred into same-strain uteri (transfer controls) or into hybrid uteri. A third group was not transferred. When adult, the mice were given a series of behavioral tests. In-strain transfer controls differed from non-transfer mice only on two activity measures, and did not differ on any cognitive variable. In contrast, mice reared in hybrid uteri were found to be superior to in-strain transfer mice on discrimination learning. Lashley maze learning and Morris maze learning; they also showed better adaptation in an avoidance learning shuttlebox. To our knowledge this is the first study showing that the uterine environment can have a general enhancing effect upon cognitive competence across a broad range of behaviors.

Animals↗