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Results for “MYDRIATICS”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit an enhanced mydriatic response to clonidine. Evidence for enhanced sensitivity of central alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Comparisons among spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Kyoto Wistar (KW), and Wistar (W) rats were made of the functional states of central nervous system (CNS) alpha 2-adrenoceptors (clonidine-induced mydriasis) and nonvascular peripheral presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors (clonidine-induced inhibition of the neurogenic twitch of the isolated vas deferens). While there were no differences among the strains of rats in the concentration of clonidine required to produce a 50% inhibition of the electrically evoked contractile response of the vas deferens, there was a significant reduction in the mean effective concentration (ED50) of clonidine to induce mydriasis in SHR as compared with KW and W rats. These observations indicate that CNS alpha 2-adrenoceptors may be functionally more sensitive in SHR. The data also suggest that the sensitivity of nonvascular presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors, at least in the vas deferens, is not altered in hypertensive animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic effects of mydriatics in low weight infants.

Two-and-a-half percent phenylephrine eye drops were used in combination with 0.5% tropicamide for routine pupillary dilation in 10 low weight infants. Significant systolic blood pressure elevation was noted in eight of 10 infants. A matched control group dilated with cycloplegics alone did not show a significant rise in systolic blood pressure. The mean change in pupillary dilation in the study group was 3.9 mm compared with 3.1 mm in the control group. This difference is not statistically significant. We therefore recommend that cycloplegic agents alone be used for pupillary dilation in these high risk infants.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-mydriatic panoramic fundus imaging using a non-contact scanning laser-based system.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A non-contact scanning laser-based retinal imaging system produces a 200 degrees wide-field panoramic image of the fundus through the novel use of a large elliptical mirror. The authors investigated whether accurate diagnoses could be made from these images alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Images were obtained from both eyes of arbitrarily selected patients and were retrospectively reviewed by retinal specialists. Each physician made a diagnosis, suggested the follow-up interval, and determined whether any intervention was needed based solely on image review. Diabetic retinopathy was categorized as background retinopathy only, preproliferative retinopathy, maculopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. The results of the image review were then compared with the results of clinical examination, and the sensitivity and specificity of the review were calculated. RESULTS: The correct overall diagnosis was made by the two specialists in 87% and 77% of cases, respectively; the specificity and sensitivity each averaged 76%. Follow-up interval recommendations from image review matched those made on clinical examination in 86% of cases. Diabetic retinopathy was correctly identified as a general diagnosis with a sensitivity of 94% and the follow-up recommendations corresponded to the clinical recommendations in 82%. Sixty-two percent of the images were judged to be of good quality or better, with only 6.4% deemed unreadable. Iris color did not influence image quality. CONCLUSION: The non-contact scanning laser-based retinal imaging system provides images of sufficient resolution and clarity to make accurate general diagnoses in a high percentage of cases. Its use as a screening device for specific diseases is feasible and merits further study.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2000

[Mystery of mydriatic pupils].

The authors describe the case of a 27-year-old man who was examined on account of vertigo and blurred vision. In the objective case-history there was mild confusion, in the physical examination broad symmetrical mydriasis dominated. Later other similar patients were found. Atropine intoxication was proved. The source of the alkaloid was poppy seed contaminated with seeds of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), in bakery goods served in the works canteen.

Adult↗