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PubMed1993

Attitudes of Mississippi college students toward David Duke before and after seeing the film Who is David Duke?

The attitudes of 211 students at a university in Mississippi were investigated both before and after seeing the Public Broadcasting Film Who Is David Duke? The film provided evidence of Duke's current racism, anti-Semitism, and pro-Nazi leanings. In a previous study with university students in Louisiana, the majority did not change their attitudes after watching the film (Eisenman, 1993). However, in the present study, students' attitudes showed change in an anti-Duke direction. The findings are discussed and reasons given for the differences between the two samples, and for the popularity of Duke, a former leader of the Ku Klux Klan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Public health core functions--Alabama, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Wisconsin, 1993.

The three core functions of public health are assessment, policy development, and assurance. Within these core functions, CDC has identified 10 basic public health practices that are integral to the operation of state and local health agencies (Table 1). As a part of assessing the core functions of public health, public health officials at local health departments in six states (Alabama, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Wisconsin) were surveyed in 1993 by the state local liaison affiliates of the Association of State and Territorial Local Health Liaison Officials, the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and CDC. This report summarizes the findings from this survey.

Alabama↗
PubMed1977

Insecticide residues in human milk from Arkansas and Mississippi, 1973-74.

Between September 1973 and February 1974, 57 samples of human milk were collected from women residing in selected areas of Arkansas and Mississippi. Residues of p.p'-DDT, p.p'-DDE, p.p'-TDE, beta-BHC, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor were measured by electroncapture gas chromatography; trace amounts of o,p'-DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls were also detected. Additional analytical procedures were employed to confirm the presence of specific residues.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

DDT residues in air in the Mississippi delta, 1975.

In a previous publication the authors reported on 88 percent decrease in sigma DDT (DDT plus metabolities) in air between 1972 and 1974 in the Mississippi Delta. This period was the first two years after the use of DDT was banned in the United States. The present report shows an additional 36 percent decrease in sigma DDT levels in air between 1974 and 1975. Thus in the past three years sigma DDT in air has decreased by 92 percent, a much more rapid decrease than had been expected.

Air↗
PubMed1996

Use of plant-derived therapies in a rural, biracial population in Mississippi.

Exploring the use of plant-derived medicines has recently received much attention in both scientific and popular journals. A study conducted in central Mississippi on medicinal plants investigated the frequency of use, types of plants used, and symptoms treated. A randomly selected probability sample of 223 households found that over 70 percent of the adults used at least one plant-derived medicine during the past year. The most frequently used plants included lemon, aloe, castor, turpentine, tobacco, and garlic. Frequency of use varied by race with a higher proportion of African-Americans than Caucasians reporting use of a plant-derived medicine. Due to the possible presence of toxic compounds or potential drug interactions, it is recommended that health care professionals investigate the use of plant-derived therapies as part of the patient's medical history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Myxobolus mississippiensis n. sp. (Myxosporea) from gills of Lepomis macrochirus in Mississippi.

Myxobolus mississippiensis n. sp. is described from gill lamellae of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) inhabiting the Pascagoula River System, Mississippi. Fresh spores measure 16.4-18.7 microns long, 3.9-6.2 microns wide, and 4.7-6.2 microns thick. Spore width to length ratio is 1:3.2. Polar capsules are 5.5-7.8 microns long and 1.5-2.3 microns wide, with 9-10 filament coils that when extruded measure 42.1 +/- 4.2 microns. This parasite is unique among known species of Myxobolus in having spores that are lenticular in frontal view.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of type A influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from migratory waterfowl in the Mississippi flyway.

Twenty-seven chicken red blood cell agglutinating agents were isolated from 187 tracheal swabbings of apparently healthy migratory mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Mississippi flyway. Twenty-four of the isolants were type A influenza virus; 3 lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses were isolated. Isolations were not made from either 65 giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis) or 60 Franklins' gulls (Larus pipixcan).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning caused by a fluoride overfeed, Mississippi, 1993.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent and confirm the cause of an August 1993 outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning in a small Mississippi community, thought to result from excess fluoride in the public water supply. METHODS: State health department investigators interviewed patrons of a restaurant where the outbreak first became manifest and obtained blood and urine samples for measurement of fluoride levels. State health department staff conducted a random sample telephone survey of community households. Public health environmentalists obtained water and ice samples from the restaurant and tap water samples from a household close to one of the town's water treatment plant for analysis. Health department investigators and town water department officials inspected the fluoridation system at the town's main water treatment plant. RESULTS: Thirty-four of 62 restaurant patrons reported acute gastrointestinal illness over a 24-hour period. Twenty of 61 households that used the community water supply reported one or more residents with acute gastrointestinal illness over a four-day period, compared with 3 of 13 households that did not use the community water supply. Restaurant water and ice samples contained more than 40 milligrams of fluoride per liter (mg/L), more than 20 times the recommended limit, and a tap water sample from a house located near the main treatment plant contained 200 mg/l of fluoride. An investigation determined that a faulty feed pump at one of the town's two treatment plants had allowed saturated fluoride solution to siphon from the saturator tank into the ground reservoir and that a large bolus of this overfluoridated water had been pumped accidentally into the town system. CONCLUSIONS: Correct installation and regular inspection and maintenance of fluoridation systems are needed to prevent such incidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

St. Louis encephalitis: clinical and epidemiologic aspects, Mississippi, 1974.

During July, August, and September 1974, 23 confirmed or presumptive cases of St. Louis encephalitis occurred in Mississippi. Attack rates were highest in the northwest corner of the state and among persons over 70 years of age. Rural and urban residents had similar attack rates. Nine persons have not resumed their pre-illness level of activity because of residual neurologic impairment six months after their illness. Additional cases of St. Louis encephalitis are expected in the next few years.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Suicide in Mississippi--a growing concern.

Every time the clock ticks down 42 seconds, someone in this country attempts suicide with success occurring every 17 minutes. Every hour and 39 minutes, the suicide victim is below the age of 15. Overall, suicide is the ninth leading cause of all United States (U.S.) deaths. For young persons aged 15-24, suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death and a growing problem among youngsters ages 5 through 14. Suicides in children less than 15 years of age has nearly tripled over the last forty years. Statistics show that among industrialized nations, the U.S. has the highest rates of childhood homicide, suicide, and firearm-related deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this article is fourfold: 1) to provide Mississippi's suicide statistics, 2) review suicide risk factors, 3) elucidate prevention and intervention strategies, and 4) relay available resources. Concerns for the development and implementation of needed prevention programs are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Psychometric characteristics of Spanish and English versions of the Civilian Mississippi scale.

Following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the psychometric properties of the Civilian Mississippi scale (CMS) were examined in three ethnic language subgroups (non-Latino-English, Latino-English, and Latino-Spanish). The psychometric patterns corroborated the existence of two subscales: 25 items with regular wording and 10 items with reversed wording. Psychometric properties were examined in relation to demographics, earthquake exposure, trauma, and psychological distress as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. The results suggest that items with reversed wording generated significantly higher mean posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores and lower reliability. Latinos and Spanish-speaking respondents had particular difficulty understanding items with reversed wording, which correlates with significantly lower or no correlation between the CMS-PTSD and psychological distress.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cadmium and mercury in emergent mayflies (Hexagenia bilineata) from the upper Mississippi River.

Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia bilineata) were analyzed to assess longitudinal patterns in their cadmium and mercury content along the upper Mississippi River. Emergent mayflies (subimagoes and imagoes) were collected in 1988 at 34 sites (25 navigation pools), extending 1260 km from Little Falls, Minnesota, downstream to St. Louis, Missouri. Cadmium concentrations in composite samples of whole mayflies ranged from 7 to 219 ng/g dry weight in females and from less than 7 to 265 ng/g in males. Cadmium concentrations were highest (greater than or equal to 150 ng/g) in samples from Pools 2 and 3 (downstream from the Twin Cities metropolitan area), 15 (near the Quad Cities metropolitan area), and 27 (near the St. Louis metropolitan area). Cadmium concentrations in female mayflies decreased significantly with distance downstream from Pool 2 at river mile 825 to Pool 9 at river mile 648, paralleling spatial trends in the cadmium contamination of sediments in the reach downstream from the Twin Cities metropolitan area, reported in earlier studies; cadmium burdens in mayflies followed a similar spatial trend. Concentrations of mercury were much less variable, ranging from 44 to 102 ng/g dry weight in female mayflies and from 60 to 177 ng/g in males; concentrations and burdens were highest in mayflies collected at Pools 2, 20, 22, 25, and 27. Mercury concentrations in females decreased significantly with distance downstream from Pool 2 at river mile 825 to Pool 5A at river mile 728.5. Concentrations of mercury and cadmium in composite samples of female mayflies were not correlated, indicating dissimilar longitudinal patterns in concentrations of the two metals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The revised Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD: reliability, validity, and cross-language stability.

Examined in two studies the psychometric properties of a revised 30-item version of the civilian form of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) developed by Keane, Caddell, and Taylor (1988). Study 1, whose sample was composed of 37 bilingual adults who had experienced a variety of traumatic events, was undertaken primarily to examine the linguistic equivalence of a Spanish translation of the scale. High cross-language stability was demonstrated, and both English and Spanish versions showed high internal consistency. Study 2, which used a sample of 404 victims of Hurricane Andrew, provided additional evidence of scale reliability and also showed that the scale correlates in meaningful ways with known traumatic stressors. Together the results indicate that the scale is applicable to different populations and events and constitutes a valid and reliable self-report, measure of PTSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Mississippi River basin, 1995.

Fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations and 13 National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) and in late 1996 from a reference site in West Virginia. Four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) or black bass (Micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. At the NCBP stations, which are located on relatively large rivers, concentrations of organochlorine chemical residues were generally lower than when last sampled in the mid-1980s. Residues derived from DDT (primarily p,p'-DDE) were detected at all sites (including the reference site); however, only traces ( or= 0.05 microg/g) at only 35% of the stations, mostly in the more industrialized parts of the MRB.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Assessing Sediments from Upper Mississippi River Navigational Pools Using a Benthic Invertebrate Community Evaluation and the Sediment Quality Triad Approach

Benthic invertebrate samples were collected from 23 pools in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) and from one station in the Saint Croix River (SCR) as part of a study to assess the effects of the extensive flooding of 1993 on sediment contamination in the UMR system. Sediment contaminants of concern included both organic and inorganic compounds. Oligochaetes and chironomids constituted over 80% of the total abundance in samples from 14 of 23 pools in the UMR and SCR samples. Fingernail clams comprised a large portion of the community in three of 23 UMR pools and exceeded abundances of 1,000/m2 in five of 23 pools. Total abundance ranged from 250/m2 in samples from pool 1 to 22,389/m2 in samples from pool 19. Abundance values are comparable with levels previously reported in the literature for the UMR. Overall frequency of chironomid mouthpart deformities was 3% (range 0-13%), which is comparable to reported incidence of deformities in uncontaminated sediments previously evaluated. Sediment contamination was generally low in the UMR pools and the SCR site. Correlations between benthic measures and sediment chemistry and other abiotic parameters exhibited few significant or strong correlations. The sediment quality triad (Triad) approach was used to evaluate data from laboratory toxicity tests, sediment chemistry, and benthic community analyses; it showed that 88% of the samples were not scored as impacted based on sediment toxicity, chemistry, and benthic measures. Benthic invertebrate distributions and community structure within the UMR in the samples evaluated in the present study were most likely controlled by factors independent of contaminant concentrations in the sediments.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Energy analysis of nonmarket values of the Mississippi Delta.

An energy analysis was used to estimate nonmarket values under various land cover scenarios in the Mississippi Delta. Land loss since 1900 has led to a decline in nonmarket values from $3.1 billion/year in 1900 to $2.5 billion in 1990, resulting in a total loss of $29.4 billion. This loss is concentrated in the Barataria-Terrebonne basins, where nonmarket value has dropped from $1.6 billion/year in 1956 to $1.3 billion/year in 1988. Although values are projected to increase in the Atchafalaya basin (from $723 million/year in 1988 to $756 million/year in 2058), total nonmarket value for the Louisiana coast is projected to decrease to $2.1 billion/year under currently approved levels of restoration.

Conservation of Energy Resources↗
PubMed2004

Ecosystem history of Mississippi River-influenced continental shelf revealed through preserved phytoplankton pigments.

Pigments determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) provide useful information concerning water column and epibenthic plant and microbial communities in both extant communities and accumulated sediments in lakes, estuaries and the ocean. Chlorophyll and its degradation products provide an estimate of overall biomass, and carotenoid pigments provide taxonomic biomarkers of phytoplankton. We examined the pigments preserved in sediment cores from the Louisiana continental shelf adjacent to the outflow of the Mississippi River system to document changes in phytoplankton community composition, phytoplankton abundance, and conditions of hypoxia over time. Carbon accumulated in sediments from water depths of 20-60 m is primarily derived from marine phytoplankton and represents the history of phytoplankton communities in the overlying water. There is a general increase in chlorophyll a, pheopigments, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin and most carotenoids over time, with the change gradual from 1955 to 1970, followed by a fairly steady increase to 1997. The highest chloropigment concentrations are in cores from areas more likely to be exposed to seasonal hypoxia. These indicate an increase in eutrophication in the form of greater diatom and cyanobacterial production, or a worsening of hypoxia, or both. This trend expanded westward along the Louisiana shelf in the 1990s.

Chlorophyll↗
PubMed2006

Influence of sediment redox conditions on release/solubility of metals and nutrients in a Louisiana Mississippi River deltaic plain freshwater lake.

The influence of sediment redox conditions on solubility of selected metals and nutrients in sediment from a coastal Louisiana freshwater lake (Lake Cataouatche) receiving diverted Mississippi River water was quantified. Sediment redox was cycled step wise in 50 mV increments between oxidized (-200 to +500 mV) and reduced (+500 to -200 mV) conditions. Changes in sediment oxidation/reduction status and pH influenced solubility of both metals and nutrients. When redox potential (Eh) was increased from -200 to +500 mV, sediment pH decreased from 7.1 to 5.7. When the sediment Eh decreased from +500 to -200 mV, pH increased from 5.7 to 7.1. The increase in sediment acidity upon oxidation resulted in the release of the Pb, Ca, Mg, Al, and Zn into solution. The solution concentration of these elements was inversely proportional to Eh (P</=0.05). The concentration of Fe, Mn, and P in sediment suspension was strongly governed by changes in oxidation-reduction status of sediment. The oxidation of reduced sediment resulted in a decrease in amount of Fe and Mn in solution, a result of the conversion of soluble ferrous and manganous form to less soluble ferric and manganic form. Following reduction of oxidized sediment, Fe and Mn became more soluble because the ferric iron and manganic manganese form changed to ferrous and manganous form. Phosphorus behavior as influenced by oxidation/reduction status was closely related to Fe and Mn chemistry with an increase in phosphate following iron reduction. This study demonstrated that sediment redox potential is an important parameter affecting metal and nutrient solubility and mobility in Louisiana coastal freshwater lake sediment. Reduction or aeration status of sediment should be considered in predicting the release of these elements into the aquatic environment.

Environmental Monitoring↗