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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Measles virus antisense sequences specifically cure cells persistently infected with measles virus.

Vectors expressing antisense mRNAs complementary to the measles virus (MV) nucleoprotein N or hemagglutinin H genes were used to transfect MV-permissive Vero cells, MV-nonpermissive C6 rat glioma cells, and C6 cells persistently infected with measles/SSPE virus (C6/SSPE cells). Transfected Vero cells infected with MV showed a drastically reduced yield of infectious virus (90-99.99%). In plaque assays, plaque numbers and plaque size were significantly reduced compared with untransfected Vero cells. With an unrelated control virus, VSV, no effects were seen in the transfected Vero cells, underlining the specificity for MV. Following stable transfection with MV antisense vectors, C6 rat glioma cells, which are normally suitable to establish persistently MV-infected lines, can no longer be infected with the virus. In this case also, VSV infection was not influenced. Furthermore, antisense transfection of already persistently infected C6/SSPE cells leads to a loss of MV-specific immunofluorescence, concomitant with a disappearance of viral RNA. Single cell clones from the antisense-transfected C6/SSPE cells appear to be totally free of virus in cocultivation with Vero cells, suggesting that they are really cured. The effectiveness of even low amounts of antisense sequences suggests that they are good candidates for antisense oligonucleotide therapy in tissue culture and might eventually also be useful for in vivo application.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Rescue of synthetic measles virus minireplicons: measles genomic termini direct efficient expression and propagation of a reporter gene.

Measles virus (MV) mRNA transcription and replication are thought to be controlled by cis-acting sequence elements contained within the terminal MV genomic noncoding nucleotides. To validate these promoter and regulatory signal assignments, cDNAs were constructed allowing synthesis of RNAs corresponding to a MV genome in which all coding and intercistronic regions were replaced by the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) coding sequence. Transcript production by T7 polymerase starting and ending precisely with the MV genome terminal residues was achieved by fusing the T7 polymerase promoter and the hepatitis delta virus genome ribozyme followed by tandem T7 polymerase termination sequences to the MV genomic 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Transfection of these negative polarity transcripts, mimicking natural defective interfering RNAs of the internal deletion type, into MV-infected 293 cells gave rise to CAT activity which could be serially transferred and massively amplified together with progeny helper virus in fresh cells. Transfer was blocked only by antibodies able to neutralize MV infectivity, indicating that the chimeric RNA not only was encapsidated, transcribed, and replicated, but also packaged into virions. Sequence analyses confirmed that both the expected chimeric antigenome and mRNA products were transcribed and replicated with fidelity during serial passage. Minor changes introduced in the transcription promoter markedly compromised function. This system now can be exploited to examine MV genomic cis-acting regulatory elements and extended to the development of full-length MV cDNAs.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Salmonella vaccines secreting measles virus epitopes induce protective immune responses against measles virus encephalitis.

In the present study we describe a live vaccine against measles virus (MV) infection on the basis of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium aroA secreting MV antigens via the Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin secretion system. Two well-characterized MV epitopes, a B-cell epitope of the MV fusion protein (amino acids 404-414) and a T-cell epitope of the MV nucleocapsid protein (amino acids 79-99) were fused as single or repeating units to the C-terminal secretion signal of the E. coli hemolysin and expressed in secreted form by the attenuated S. typhimurium aroA SL7207. Immunization of MV-susceptible C3H mice revealed that S. typhimurium SL7207 secreting these antigens provoked a humoral and a cellular MV-specific immune response, respectively. Mice vaccinated orally with a combination of both recombinant S. typhimurium strains showed partial protection against a lethal MV encephalitis after intracerebral challenge with a rodent-adapted, neurotropic MV strain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

The molecular length of measles virus RNA and the structural organization of measles nucleocapsids.

Full-length measles virus RNA molecules isolated from purified virions or nucleocapsids and examined by electron microscopy were 5.12(+/- 0.12) micron in length, corresponding to a molecular weight of 5.2 (+/- 0.1) X 10(6). Purified virions examined by negative staining in the electron microscope exhibited a pleomorphic range of particle sizes varying in diameter between 300 nm and 1000 nm. Purified nucleocapsids had dimensions of 21 nm (diameter) X 1254(+/- 7) nm (length) and a central core of diameter about 5 nm. Full-length nucleocapsids were composed of 204 (+/- 3) protein discs. The pitch of the nucleocapsid helix was calculated to be 6.1 nm and the helix angle, alpha, to be 8 degrees 16'. Approximate volume calculations indicate that each enveloped virus particle contains multiple nucleocapsids.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Importance of the cytoplasmic tails of the measles virus glycoproteins for fusogenic activity and the generation of recombinant measles viruses.

The generation of replication-competent measles virus (MV) depends on the incorporation of biologically active, fusogenic glycoprotein complexes, which are required for attachment and penetration into susceptible host cells and for direct virus spread by cell-to-cell fusion. Whereas multiple studies have analyzed the importance of the ectodomains of the MV glycoproteins hemagglutinin (H) and fusion protein (F), we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic tails of the F and H proteins for the formation of fusogenic complexes. Deletions in the cytoplasmic tails of transiently expressed MV glycoproteins were found to have varying effects on receptor binding, fusion, or fusion promotion activity. F tail truncation to only three amino acids did not affect fusion capacity. In contrast, truncation of the H cytoplasmic tail was limited. H protein mutants with cytoplasmic tails of <14 residues no longer supported F-mediated cell fusion, predominantly due to a decrease in surface expression and receptor binding. This indicates that a minimal length of the H protein tail of 14 amino acids is required to ensure a threshold local density to have sufficient accumulation of fusogenic H-F complexes. By using reverse genetics, a recombinant MV with an F tail of three amino acids (rMV-FcDelta30), as well as an MV with an H tail of 14 residues (rMV-HcDelta20), could be rescued, whereas generation of viruses with shorter H tails failed. Thus, glycoprotein truncation does not interfere with the successful generation of recombinant MV if fusion competence is maintained.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

[Epidemiology of measles and mumps. 1st part: measles (author's transl)].

Measles morbidity is seen to follow a cyclic pattern with peaks and ebbs every 2--3 years. The maximum in the annual course is found in the second quarter, the peak of the age-specific morbidity in Central Europe in the 4th year of life. At 15 years of age, seroconversion is practically 100%. Complications can be expected in 6,7% of cases, mortality in about 1:10,000. Encephalitis occurs in about 1,2% of cases and is often followed by neurological and psychical damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Friedreich's spinal ataxia following measles? Overview of central nervous system diseases caused by measles - (preliminary report)].

A case of Friedreich's ataxia of the spine with intranuclear bodies in the cerebrum and stem was found in a 43-years old man. The disease is possibly the result of measles contracted when the patient was seven. This is the first observation of this type known to us; Friedreich's spinal ataxia has until now been believed to exist only hereditary ("hereditary spinal ataxia").

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Studies on establishment and maintenance of persistent infection with measles virus in NC-37 cell. 1. Production of DNA-synthesis-suppressing factor (DSF) in NC-37 cell infected with measles virus].

Wild strains of measles virus, such as Edmonston, Toyoshima and freshly isolated KM strain which had not a capacity to establish a persistent infection in NC-37 cell inhibited 80-90 percent of host cellular DNA synthesis, while attenuated or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) viruses, such as Schwarz, Halle and Mantooth which had a capacity to establish persistent infection inhibited about 50 percent of host cellular DNA synthesis 6 or 7 days after infection of virus. However, inhibition of DNA synthesis in cells infected with attenuated or SSPE virus recovered gradually to the same level of control cell within two weeks after infection of virus, and persistently infected cells were not suppressed cellular DNA synthesis in synchronized cell culture. NC-37 cells infected with wild strain produced host cellular DNA-synthesis-suppressing factor (DSF) into culture fluid, but it could detect no such factor in culture fluid of cells infected with attenuated, SSPE virus, or carried virus and persistently infected cell. Furthermore, persistently infected cell treated wtih DSF caused the suppression of DNA synthesis, and so these cells died of metabolic inhibition within one week after inoculation of DSF. NC-37 cell infected with Mantooth strain was inhibited the establishment of persistent infection by the treatment of cell with DSF.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1977

Leucocyte migration inhibition test as an index of immunological response to measles virus I. Effect of the environment and measles virus on migration of monkey leucocytes.

The parameters of migration inhibition test of leucocytes isolated both from the peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes of monkeys Cercopithecus aethiops were determined. Concentration of measles virus that does not produce nonspecific migration inhibition of leucocyte obtained from sero-negative animals was also defined.

Animals↗