Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MASTITIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Relationships between clinical mastitis, somatic cell score, and production for the first three lactations of Finnish Ayrshire.

Data on 23,196 cows were extracted from the Finnish system for recording health data and merged with information on SCS and 305-d milk production to study 1) the genetic and phenotypic correlations of clinical mastitis (within 150 d postpartum) and SCS across the first three lactations and 2) the genetic relationships between the traits for individual lactations. (Co)variance components were estimated using linear multitrait REML and the expectation-maximization algorithm. Heritability estimates for separate lactations were distinctly higher for somatic cell score (0.14 to 0.19) than for clinical mastitis (0.02 to 0.05). Genetic correlations of the same traits among different lactations were positive and moderate to high, suggesting that, in practice, clinical mastitis and SCS can be considered as the same traits for different lactations. Genetic correlations of clinical mastitis and SCS varied from 0.37 for first lactation to 0.68 for third lactation, implying that clinical mastitis and SCC monitor different aspects of udder health. A clear, antagonistic genetic association existed between clinical mastitis and milk production, but the genetic correlation of SCS and milk production did not differ from 0.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of treatment of mastitis by oxytocin or antibiotics following detection according to changes in milk electrical conductivity prior to visible signs.

Mastitis was induced in dairy cows by infusion of 500 cfu of Streptococcus uberis into the mammary gland. Most infections developed to clinical disease, and the majority were predicted by changes in the electrical conductivity of the foremilk. The benefits of clinical prognosis and bacteriological cure were determined for cases that were treated when predicted to develop into clinical mastitis and compared with cases that were allowed to develop until milk clotted or until pyrexia before intramammary antibiotic treatment was used. Treatment prior to clinical mastitis included use of intramammary antibiotic or intramuscular oxytocin to allow stripping of residual milk to remove bacteria. All infections in which treatment was delayed resulted in clinical mastitis that was cured clinically and bacteriologically by sustained treatment using a broad-spectrum intramammary antibiotic preparation once daily but requiring a mean treatment time of 10 d. It was possible to prevent clinical mastitis from developing and to eliminate all infections in cows that were treated early when the developing disease was predicted by changes in the electrical conductivity of quarter foremilk and was treated aggressively by administering an intramammary antibiotic at each milking for 3 d. Treatment of 20 IU of oxytocin at six successive milkings of cows that were predicted to develop disease eliminated 25% of the infections, but 75% of the cows developed clinical mastitis. Those cases were resolved by sustained daily treatment using the same intramammary antibiotic. Elimination (100% clinical and bacteriological cure) of all infections caused by Strep. uberis was possible with early and aggressive or sustained use of the intramammary antibiotic. The early intervention using an intramammary antibiotic, when infection was first indicated by changes in the electrical conductivity of milk, was the most efficient method to achieve cure and led to quicker recovery of milk quality to a saleable standard.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genetic parameters for clinical mastitis, somatic cell score, production, udder type traits, and milking ease in first lactation Holsteins.

Genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood with an animal model on first lactation data of 29,284 French Holstein cows for clinical mastitis, lactation somatic cell score, milking ease, production, and nine udder type traits. The heritability was low for clinical mastitis (0.024), moderate for lactation somatic cell score (0.17) and milking ease (0.17), and ranged from 0.17 to 0.30 for type traits. A high (0.72) but lower than unity genetic correlation was found between clinical mastitis and lactation somatic cell score and indicated that both traits were genetically favorably associated. The antagonism with production was stronger for clinical mastitis than for lactation somatic cell score (genetic correlations 0.45 and 0.15, respectively). Udder depth, fore-udder attachment, and udder balance were favorably associated with lactation somatic cell score and clinical mastitis with genetic correlations ranging from -0.29 to -0.46, whereas low correlations were found with teat length. Milking ease was found to be unfavorably correlated with lactation somatic cell score (genetic correlation 0.44) but not with clinical mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of bovine acute Escherichia coli mastitis, a literature review].

Comparisons of the rate of incidence of clinical mastitis caused by E. coli during the last 40 years demonstrate the increasing significance of this disease for modern milk production. Because of the acute nature of this disease it was not possible until now to establish by documentary evidence a spontaneous case from the beginning on--and thereby to give certain evidence to the pathogenesis. Nevertheless a multitude of reports about experimentally caused mastitis or observations of solitary aspects of this disease exists, which allow us to assume that pathogenesis of coliform mastitis as an environmental mastitis and contagious mastitis are basically distinguishable. The manyfold factors which provoke the formation of coliform infections pave the way for methods to reduce the rate of coliform mastitis--incidence by the preventive measures and show how to optimize the results of therapy by beginning earlier and including the whole organism into the concept of therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mastitis in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Afar Region, north-eastern Ethiopia.

Quarter milk samples (n = 543) from 152 traditionally managed lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Afar Region, north-eastern Ethiopia were examined to determine the prevalence of camel mastitis and identify its bacterial causes. Out of 152 camels examined, 19 (12.5%) were diagnosed as clinical mastitis cases based on clinical signs and bacteriological examinations. Of the 257 California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive quarter milk samples 162 (63.0%) yielded pathogenic bacteria. A positive correlation was observed between CMT positive results and presence of major pathogens in camel milk samples. The main mastitis pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, and other species of streptococci, Pasteurella haemolytica and E. coli. Results of the present study suggest that mastitis in Afar camels is prevalent, Gram-positive cocci are the major isolates from camel milk samples and the CMT can be used as a screening test for the detection of mastitis in camels.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Mastitis; a survey on the inter-dependence of the quarters of a cow.

This survey shows the dependence of the diagnosis "non-specific mastitis" on the method and interpretation of laboratory examination. Failures in bacteriological diagnosis will often lead to quarters being incorrectly diagnosed as being affected by "non-specific mastitis". The main aim of this survey was to study the interdependence of the quarters of cows with regard to laboratory results on mastitis. This survey shows that the criteria "high cell number" and "bacteriologically positive" in quarters have no random distribution. The number of cows with nil or four quarters positive is significantly higher than with a random distribution. Genetical difference in susceptibility could be the cause of the phenomenon. But this survey shows that non-genetical factors as age and difference between herds in level of mastitis are largely involved. It seems impossible in a field survey to estimate the genetical share in the high coincidence of the mastitis criteria within cows. In mathematical statistical analysis of the results in quarter-samples, with the aim to compare two groups of cows, the number of elements to compare is the number of cows and not the number of quarters. Because of the coincidence of mastitis symptoms in individual cows, the possibility for statistical evaluation of quarter results is restricted.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Interbreed and interspecies variation in the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes].

Studied were for subclinical mastitis 3252 cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed, 1409 cows of the Bulgarian Simmenthal breed, 1082 cows of the Bulgarian Red cattle, 341 cows of the Iskar cattle, 1086 cows of the Black and White breed, and 418 buffalo-cows. Established were mathematically dependable variations with regard to the individual sensitivity to subclinical mastitis of the main cattle breeds reared in this country. Highest was the percent of subclinical mastitis in the cows of the Bulgarian Simmenthal breed - 28.22. Bulgarian Brown cows and the cows of the Bulgarian Red breed were equally affected with subclinical mastitis - 25.24 and 25.23 per cent, respectively. In the Iskar and Black and White cattle the values were 12.60 and 12.70 per cent, respectively, i.e., the per cent of subclinical mastitis was more than twice lower as compared with the first three breeds. Buffalo-cows showed high absolute and relative resistance both with regard to subclinical and to clinical mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and major histocompatibility complex haplotypes of mastitis-resistant and susceptible cows.

Bovine mastitis is an infectious disease with a major economic influence on the dairy industry worldwide. Many factors such as environment, pathogen, and host affect susceptibility or resistance of an individual cow to bovine mastitis. Recently, there has been considerable interest in defining genetic and immunological markers that could be used to select for improved disease resistance. In this study we have analyzed the lymphocyte subpopulations of mastitis-resistant and susceptible cows using monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. We have also used a microarray typing technique to define the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) class I and class II haplotypes associated with resistance or susceptibility to bovine mastitis. A striking finding of the present study is that susceptibility to mastitis was associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes that have only a single set of DQ genes. The study also revealed that susceptible cows had CD4:CD8 ratios of less than one in both their mammary gland secretions and peripheral blood. These results raise the possibility that the number of DQ genes that a cow has and/or a cow's CD4:CD8 ratio could be used as indicators of susceptibility to bovine mastitis.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Women's experience of lactational mastitis--I have never felt worse.

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is a common problem for breastfeeding women in the postpartum period. METHODS: Ninety-four breastfeeding women participating in a case control study of mastitis provided a free text comment about their experience of mastitis. Women were recruited from the emergency department, wards or breastfeeding clinics of the Mercy Hospital for Women and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, in 2002-2004. RESULTS: The main themes which emerged from the free text comments were: acute physical illness; negative emotions; life disrupted; to continue breastfeeding or not? A minor theme was 'support for mastitis research'. DISCUSSION: Women with mastitis often experience a rapid onset physical illness accompanied by strong negative feelings, which leads some women to consider stopping breastfeeding while others are determined to persevere. General practitioners need to provide emotional support for women with mastitis and acknowledge that breastfeeding may be difficult for new mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Stripping out pus in lactational mastitis: a means of preventing breast abscess.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether manual stripping of pus from the breasts of women with lactational mastitis is effective in preventing the formation of breast abscesses. DESIGN: Case series (chart review). SETTING: Family practice in Montreal. PATIENTS: All (475) charts of patients with lactational mastitis were reviewed; 61 women were excluded because they already had a breast abscess. Most of the patients had been referred. OUTCOME MEASURES: Abscess formation, length of illness after treatment, rate of recurrence of mastitis, illness in the mother or infant within the 6 weeks after the mastitis and continuance of breast-feeding. MAIN RESULTS: The duration of symptoms before treatment was 1 to 56 (mean 5.3) days. In 9% of the cases both breasts were affected, and in 23% at least one episode of mastitis had previously occurred. The stripping technique was applied to all the patients. Pus was removed in 210 women; the remaining women were considered to have cellulitis. Only four patients (less than 1%) had breast abscesses. The mean length of illness after treatment was 7.2 days. The rate of recurrence was 14%. In all, 6% of the mothers and 9% of the infants became ill in the 6 weeks after the mastitis. Most (92%) of the patients continued to breast-feed. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of abscess formation was considerably lower than the rates reported in the literature. Therefore, manual stripping of pus from the infected breasts of lactating women appears to be effective in preventing breast abscesses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase as a predictor of milk loss and recovery after clinical mastitis.

Milk samples were collected at onset of 508 episodes of clinical mastitis on a 1,700-cow dairy farm in Michigan. Daily milk production and disease events were recorded for all cows in the herd. Despite statistical association with severity of mastitis, this association was too weak for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity to be of great value as a prognostic test for clinical mastitis. High milk NAGase activity was significantly (P less than 0.0001) associated with: increased duration of treatment; increased duration of clinical signs of mastitis; decreased daily milk production; and increased risk of the cow being culled because of mastitis. The NAGase value was combined with days in milk production, baseline milk production before mastitis onset, parity, and season of onset to predict the outcome of clinical cases as measured by the first 3 aforementioned variables. Statistical models explained little of the variability among cows in duration of treatment (R2 = 0.11), duration of clinical signs of infection (R2 = 0.11), and milk production change (R2 = 0.09).

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical value of telethermography in the diagnosis of puerperal mastitis].

The study in 209 mothers with lactational mastitis has employed an AGA-780M thermovisor. Thermograms underwent a qualitative and quantitative isotherm-based evaluation. Diagnostic sensitivity of telethermography in mastitis was 97.1%. It could not differentiate types of mastitis in most cases and thus had a low specificity. Telethermography allows early identification of mastitis, control of therapy and reduction of the incidence of suppurative mastitis. The opportunity of telethermographic differentiation of milk stasis and initial mastitis has important practical implications since it allows one to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Prevention of clinical coliform mastitis in dairy cows by a mutant Escherichia coli vaccine.

A prospective cohort study was undertaken in two commercial California dairies. The treatment group, 246 cows, received three doses of a whole cell bacterin of J5 Escherichia coli (mutant of E. coli O111:B4) plus Freund's incomplete adjuvant vaccine (two in the dry period and one after calving) while 240 unvaccinated cows served as controls. Thirty-five cases of clinical coliform mastitis were diagnosed, six in vaccinated cows and 29 in unvaccinated cows. Bacteria isolated from the clinical cases included 15 E. coli five Klebsiella pneumoniae, three K. oxytoca, three K. ozaenae, five Enterobacter aerogenes, three Serratia marcescens and one Serratia spp. Four control cows were culled, three of them because of chronic coliform mastitis and one because of postcoliform infection agalactia. Incidence rate of clinical gram-negative mastitis was 2.57% in vaccinated cows and 12.77% in unvaccinated cows. The estimated risk ratio, the measure of risk of having clinical gram-negative mastitis for vaccinated cows to unvaccinated cows, was 0.20 (p less than 0.005), indicating a strong relationship between vaccination and lack of clinical gram-negative mastitis. The results of this trial indicate that the administration of the E. coli J5 vaccine is protective against natural challenge to gram-negative bacteria, and reduces the incidence of clinical gram-negative mastitis in dairy cows during the first three months of lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cause, occurrence, and clinical signs of mastitis and anorexia in cows in a Wisconsin study.

Microbiologic culture revealed the following cause of mastitis and anorexia in 145 cows in Wisconsin to be Escherichia coli, 66 cows; Klebsiella spp, 3; Corynebacterium pyogenes, 27; streptococci, 21; staphylococci, 20; yeasts, 1; and no bacterial growth, 7. Mastitis was detected with approximately equal frequency throughout the year. Escherichia coli was isolated throughout the year, but was more common and was the predominant organism during the summer. Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated most often in winter and spring; streptococci in fall, winter, and spring; and staphylococci throughout the year. Corynebacterium pyogenes caused most of the mastitis in nonlactating cows. Escherichia coli, C pyogenes, streptococci, and staphylococci were isolated with about equal frequency at parturition, whereas E coli was the predominant cause of mastitis in early and late lactation. Of cases of mastitis, 27% were seen 10 days before and after parturition. Local and systemic clinical signs of infection were similar for all causes, except that C pyogenes caused more (P less than 0.01) malodorous and purulent milk than did other organisms and was isolated more commonly from quarters with injured teats. Recovery was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in cows with E coli infections, compared with recovery in cows with gram-positive organism infections. Cows with C pyogenes infections frequently had quarters that ultimately ceased lactation. A few cows were recumbent at initiation of antimicrobial therapy and a few were not eating 24 hours later; however, 50% of these cows recovered. Criteria such as season of year, stage of lactation, appearance of milk and udder, and appetite permitted the cause (gram-negative or gram-positive organisms) of the mastitis to be predicted with 77% accuracy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The role of anaerobic bacteria in bovine mastitis: a review.

Routine bacteriological diagnosis of bovine mastitis does not provide an index to the obligate anaerobic flora involved. No anaerobic bacteria were recovered from cows with normal quarters or those with latent facultative anaerobic or aerobic udder infections as diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Dairy Federation. Simultaneous isolation of anaerobic bacteria from udder quarter abscesses and mastitic milk from the same quarter occur in some lactating dairy cows. In most dairy herds there are cows with anaerobic udder infections. Anaerobic bacteria have been isolated from lactating as well as from dry cows. Most anaerobic bacteria were isolated concurrently with facultative anaerobic bacteria except in aseptic mastitis cases. The polymicrobial nature of udder infections shows that multiple anaerobic as well as facultative anaerobic species colonise and act together. In spite of antibiotic therapy, anaerobic bacteria were still isolated from mastitic quarters. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria were mostly sensitive to penicillin-G but most of the Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were resistant and some Bacteroides fragilis strains produced beta-lactamase. Nearly all the aminoglycosides display consistently poor activity against anaerobic bacteria. A high degree of resistance against tetracyclines was also demonstrated. Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and rods were sensitive to common antibiotics. The pathogenicity of several pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria has been demonstrated by their ability to induce clinical mastitis in healthy lactating udders. Anaerobic bacteria may act as mastitis pathogens probably in a primary and/or secondary role because clinical mastitis could be induced in normal quarters under experimental conditions. Their high prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in mastitic quarters and the ability of some strains to produce heparinase also suggests a pathogenic role. The handling of udder abscesses and the therapy of mastitis where anaerobic bacteria may be involved, is fully discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hyperprolactinemia and nonpuerperal mastitis (duct ectasia).

In 108 patients with nonpuerperal mastitis (inflammatory symptoms of duct ectasia), serum prolactin levels were determined before, during, and after treatment. Twenty-nine patients (26.8%) exhibited transiently elevated prolactin levels during the period of inflammation (mean +/- SD level, 42 +/- 22 micrograms/L) that returned to normal within 4 weeks. Twenty-two patients (20.4%) presented with more severe hyperprolactinemia (78 +/- 56 micrograms/L), and 15 were found to have pituitary microadenomas. In 11 cases, mastitis was the first symptom of hyperprolactinemia. A second group of 83 patients with known hyperprolactinemia and 83 normoprolactinemic controls were interviewed with regard to recent symptoms or past treatment of nonpuerperal mastitis. Sixteen hyperprolactinemic women (19.3%) and none of the controls reported that they had experienced mastitis. We conclude that duct ectasia is due in part to increased prolactin secretion. Thus, nonpuerperal mastitis may be a symptom of hyperprolactinemia. On the other hand, nonpuerperal mastitis may induce transient hyperprolactinemia (neurogenic hyperprolactinemia) of about 3 weeks' duration that is less pronounced than central hyperprolactinemia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

[Comparative studies of methods for the bacteriological diagnosis of mastitis in cows].

Comparative studies were carried out on some methods and nutrient media used for the isolation and identification of mastitis causative agents. Milk from normal andmastitis-affected udder quarters was aseptically sampled and treated under various conditions. Individual samples were simultaneously seeded in different media. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. Milk samples for the diagnosis of mastitis of a subclinical character can be taken at the beginning and at the end of milking. 2. Direct seedings of milk have equal diagnostic value as those of the sediment. With the former the process of bacteriologic treatment of the samples is shortened in time, and the isolation and differentiation of the mastitis agents is rendered feasible. 3. At the present etiologic structure of the subclinical types of mastitis in this country most suitable has proved the blood agar medium in which almost all mastitis causative agents can be demonstrated. 4. Kartashova's medium and the TKT-medium possess a pronounced selectivity with special reference to streptococci and have higher diagnostic value for farms where streptococcus mastitis is prevailing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 7. Epidemiological approach to postpartum mastitis in the dairy cow: descriptive study and typology of the herd].

In this study, post-partum mastitis are considered as an epidemiological entity because of their high frequency (20% of cases of mastitis are observed in the seven first days after calving). The rate increases in May-June-July and after the fourth calving. Characteristics of herds with high frequency of post-partum mastitis are the same that those from herds with high frequency of mastitis or metritis, their risk factors seeming to exert an effect on all infectious diseases. Among these factors, straw bedding quantity seems to be the more important one: a low quantity of straw, even in herds where prophylaxis against mastitis is largely used (teat dipping, dry cow therapy, disinfection), is a favouring factor for apparition of mastitis just after calving. On the contrary, use of individual towels, an abrupt dry cow therapy and a vitamin prevention during the last part of pregnancy, appear more favorable.

Animal Husbandry↗