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PubMedDate not supplied

[Malocclusion prevalence in the deciduous and permanent dentition of schoolchildren in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996].

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in deciduous and permanent dentition of schoolchildren enrolled in public and private schools in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1996. Occlusal conditions were classified as normal, mild, and moderate/severe according to World Health Organization criteria. The results refer to 985 schoolchildren ages five and 12 years. Prevalence of malocclusion was high, increasing from 48.97 +/- 4.53% in the deciduous dentition to 71.31 +/- 3.95% in the permanent dentition. The proportion of moderate/severe malocclusion was nearly twice as great in the second dentition (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.43-2.45; p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed according to gender or public vs. private school. Statistically significant differences were associated with ethnicity, indicating the complexity and diversity of occlusion in the population and suggesting the need for longitudinal studies.

Brazil↗
PubMed2001

Dentocraniofacial morphology of 12 Japanese subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate with a severe Class III malocclusion: a cephalometric study at the pretreatment stage of surgical orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The present study clarifies the dentocraniofacial morphology of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with severe Class III malocclusion prior to surgical orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The sample was 12 Japanese male subjects with repaired complete unilateral CLP (surgical CLP group; 21.2 +/- 1.92 years in mean age). Two sets of patients without CLP Class III malocclusion, consisting of 19 male subjects treated by surgical orthodontic treatment (surgical Class III group; 23.4 +/- 6.35 years in mean age) and 14 male subjects treated by nonsurgical orthodontic treatment (nonsurgical Class III group; 18.7 +/- 3.49 years in mean age) were used as controls. Analyses were performed using lateral and posteroanterior (P-A) cephalograms. RESULTS: (1) The surgical CLP group showed significantly smaller values for overjet, SNA angle, and inclination of the maxillary incisor as compared with those of the surgical and nonsurgical Class III controls. The values of SNB, mandibular effective length, and ramus height in the surgical CLP group were significantly smaller than those of the surgical Class III group but were similar to those of the nonsurgical Class III group. (2) The mandible and the upper and lower dental arches deviated laterally toward the cleft side. The displacement of the mandible was correlated with that of the maxilla. These results show that CLP patients who required surgical orthodontic treatment had a characteristic dentocraniofacial morphology, compared to controls without CLP with Class III malocclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of malocclusion in 4-6 year old Brazilian children.

The prevalence of malocclusion and the relationship with oral habits in Brazilian children from two public primary schools was evaluated. The sample was composed of 112 children with mean age of 61 +/- 6.67 months. The results demonstrated the presence of malocclusions in 75.8% (n = 85). The oral habits was related by 34.8% (n = 39). The open bite was the most prevalent malocclusion in the studied population and the oral habits was the decisive etiological factor.

Brazil↗
PubMed2003

Malocclusion associated with abnormal posture.

Growth and development of maxillofacial morphology and oral function are closely interrelated. Oral function is comprised of articulation, swallowing, and chewing. Malocclusion may be caused by abnormal functions such as mouth breathing, tongue thrust swallowing, and unilateral chewing and by abnormal postures of oral circumferential muscles such as forward tongue thrust, tongue biting, and low tongue at rest. Forces from unintentional and habitual behaviors constantly acting on the maxillofacial and alveolar regions can cause the bony structures to generally deform, resulting in jaw deformity and malocclusion. Oral function also plays a vital role in maintaining body posture. In this study, clinical observations of oral postures examined maxillary protrusion and open bite, anterior crossbite and facial asymmetry. The unstable forces induced by abnormal posture were correlated with the varieties of malocclusion. Morphology, function, and posture were shown to be closely interrelated and to influence each other.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Postero-anterior cephalometric features in Japanese children with malocclusion].

The purpose of this study is to investigate the craniofacial morphology and the growth pattern in the frontal dimension of Japanese children with malocclusion. Nine hundred twenty-one subjects composed of 343 males and 578 females without any orthodontic treatment, age ranging from 7 years to 18 years, were classified into 3 types of facial skeletal pattern according to the A-B difference in lateral cephalogram. The direct measurement of the width and the relative ratio of the craniofacial components to the cranium were used for the parameter of the craniofacial size and shape. The following results were obtained: 1. Independently of malocclusion, the craniofacial size of the male was significantly larger than that of the female, while the craniofacial shape of the male was almost same as that of the female. 2. In despite of the remarkable morphological difference in the lateral dimension, the characteristic morphology peculiar to a certain facial type could not be extracted in the frontal dimension. 3. In all types of malocclusion, a marked amount of growth was observed in the midface and mandible. However, the growth pattern of each craniofacial component in the female sample showed almost the same pattern, comparable with the different pattern of the midface and mandible in the male sample. 4. The clinical application of this study was tested in a case of Apert's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Temporomandibular disorders and mandibular function in relation to Class II malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. A controlled, prospective and longitudinal study.

The relationship between orthodontic treatment and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was studied prospectively and longitudinally in 65 adolescent girls with Class II malocclusion. The subjects received orthodontic fixed appliance treatment with the straight-wire technique combined with or without extractions and were examined for symptoms and signs of TMD before, during, after, and finally one year post-treatment. Both symptoms and signs of TMD showed considerable fluctuations over the three-year period within the individuals. The general tendency was a decreased prevalence of symptoms of TMD over the three years. The prevalence of pain on mandibular movement and tenderness to palpation of the masticatory muscles was significantly less common during and after orthodontic treatment than before. Clinically registered TMJ clicking increased slightly over the three year period. One orthodontic treatment effect when normalizing Class II malocclusions with fixed appliances was a decreased prevalence of functional occlusal interferences. We concluded that the orthodontic treatment either with or without tooth extractions did not increase the risk for TMD or worsen pre-existing signs of TMD. Subjects with Class II malocclusion and pre-treatment signs of TMD of muscular origin seemed rather to benefit functionally from orthodontic treatment in a three-year perspective.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of malocclusion among a population of northern Nigeria school children.

An epidemiological survey of 1,028 children, 544 females (52.9%) and 484 males (47.1%) was carried out in Kaduna Nigeria to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in the Northern part of Nigeria. The sample population aged 11-18 years were of Northern Nigeria origin and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. From the results, normal occlusion was seen in 12.2% children, Angle's Class I malocclusion in 84.0%, 1.7% had Angle's Class II while Angle's III was observed in 2.0%. No case of Angle's Class II div 2 was seen. A reduction in the prevalence of Angle's Class II div I was seen to occur with increasing age while an increase in Angle's III malocclusion was noted in the 17-18 years age group. Spacing of the upper anterior segment was observed to occur in 45.9% of children examined while spacing of the lower anterior segment was seen in 30%. Crowding of these segments occurred in 21.6% and 36.3% respectively of the sample population. Using Jackson's method (1962) Overbite I was found to occur in 69.5% of the children examined. Deep bite (Overbite 3) occurred in only 1.6% of those examined. An overjet values of 2-4 mm was the most prevalent occurring in 70.8% of the children. A low prevalence of bimaxilliary proclination was observed (3.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of skeletal Class III malocclusion on speech articulation].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of skeletal class III malocclusion on speech articulation. The subject was twenty skeletal class III malocclusion adults. Their articulations were evaluated by phoneticians and the disordered speech sounds were analysed by computerized speech lab. It was manifested that most of the adults had misarticulations, the most common speech sound errors were consonants (zh, ch, sh, z) and the types of errors were distortion and substitution. Compared with the normal consonants acoustic analysis of the disordered ones showed that, the lower boundary frequency got down, spectrum distribution in frequency became widen, as well as the lower frequency components were enhanced. The results suggested that skeletal class III malocclusion may cause deficiency in speech production. The improvement of speech articulation should be considered when the severe skeletal discrepancy was corrected by surgical-orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Dental changes and space gained as a result of early treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion.

This study was designed to investigate the dental changes and the space gained following early treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion, using a simple fixed appliance. Twenty-one consecutively treated patients who had a pseudo-Class III malocclusion comprised the treated group. Fifteen untreated control subjects were used as matched controls for the three-year follow-up after completion of treatment. Lateral cephalograms and study models were analysed for the treated, the control and the follow-up group. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable, and paired t-tests were performed to assess the effects of treatment on the treated group. The Mann-Whitney test was performed to evaluate the difference between the follow-up group and the control group. Anterior crossbites and mandibular displacements were eliminated after the treatment. On average, the space gained as a result of the treatment was 4.7 mm in the upper arch (p < 0.001 degree). Comparison of the space available as a result of early treatment with the space required for alignment of posterior segments in the upper arch of the untreated control group indicated that there was enough space for the eruption of the canines and premolars as a result of early treatment; whereas, lack of space was evident in the untreated controls. In conclusion, a pseudo-Class III malocclusion, proclination of the upper incisors and/or retroclination of the lower incisors contributed to the correction of anterior crossbite and the elimination of mandibular displacement. Proclination of the upper incisors, utilisation of leeway space, and arch-width increase provided the space required for eruption of the premolars and canines.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

[Orthodontic appliance made from silicone elastomer, evaluated clinically and from patient opinions after treatment for malocclusion].

Elastodontics is a new branch of orthodontics dealing with orthodontic appliances made with silicone elastomer. The appliances are simple in construction and function, easy to use, and safe. One of the simplest is the elasto-aligner used in some forms of malocclusion. The purpose of this work was: 1) to evaluate the results of treatment of malocclusion with this type of appliance in relation to age of patient and duration of treatment; 2) to gather the opinions of patients; 3) to assess the costs and duration of treatment. 70 patients were examined clinically and asked to fill in a questionnaire (Tab. 1, 3). The elasto-aligner was especially useful when applied in malocclusion after treatment with a fixed appliance. The silicone appliance is recommended for the youngest of patients and should be worn for at least 12 hours per day (Tab. 2). Adaptation to the silicone appliance was long and the most uncomfortable symptoms were toothache, excessive salivation, and dry lips in elderly patients (Fig. 1). The time needed to make the elasto-aligner was up to 20 hours and the cost of materials varied between an acrylic activator and a fixed appliance.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1998

[An analysis of curative effect of activator in treating Class II division 1 malocclusion].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of class II division 1 malocclusion treated by activator. METHODS: Sixteen growing patients, who were diagnosed as class II division 1 malocclusion, were evaluated by McNamara analysis. RESULTS: The activator affects the growth of mandible positively and inhibits the growth of the maxilla. CONCLUSION: The activator can treat class II division 1 malocclusion effectively, which can be perceived by McNamara analysis directly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The effects of twin-block magnetic appliance on the early skeletal Class III malocclusion].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnetic functional and orthopedic approach on treatment of early skeletal class III malocclusion. METHODS: A new type of magnetic twin-block appliance (TMA) was developed and used on 32 growing subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion. RESULTS: The class III dentofacial profile significantly improved and class III molar relationship was corrected in most cases. CONCLUSION: The Nd2-Fe14-B TMA could be used as effective orthopedic approach in treating class III malocclusion, which had many advantages, such as force prediction, well-controlled anchorage, small and comfortable design of appliance and good cooperation from patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic approach to malocclusions in dogs.

Malocclusions may be associated with any of the cranial shapes recognized in dogs. Orthodontic treatments for malocclusions are frequently reported. However, these reports often lack a diagnostic plan and use confusing terminologies. The purpose of this paper is to describe, using standardized terms, a diagnostic approach to the most common malocclusions found in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The Angle classification system of malocclusion: is it appropriate for use in veterinary dentistry?

Classifications of malocclusions in dogs have superficially followed the Angle's system. Since teeth anatomy and occlusal relationships are not the same for dogs as for humans, the use of the Angle's system can be misinterpreted. The proposal for a system for classification of malocclusions specific to the dog is presented with a discussion of the Angle's classification of malocclusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A preliminary approach of the malocclusion of second permanent molar].

We examined 2183 cases of orodental malocclusion in our clinic. 420 cases of deep-overjet of second permanent molar were found. In this paper we discussed the sex and age of the patients, distribution of tooth position, ratio, degree of overjet, causes of malocclusion, malocclusion condition, endangerment, prevention and treatment.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2003

[Study of esthetic characteristic changes of soft tissue profile of patients with Angle Class division 1 malocclusion treated by functional regulator].

OBJECTIVE: Five esthetic indexes were used to evaluate the soft tissue profile changes of patients with Angle Class division 1 malocclusion treated by Functional Regulator. METHODS: 21 patients with Angle Class division 1 malocclusion were treated by functional regulator. Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms of every patient were traced to analyze the esthetic characteristic of soft tissue profile. RESULTS: Most of the indexes tended to normal after treatment. CONCLUSION: Soft tissue profile of most patients with Angle Class division 1 malocclusion was improved after functional orthopedics while changes were different individually. Second stage treatment was still required for some patients.

Beauty↗
PubMed2004

[Combined orthodontic and orthognathic therapy on skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion in adults].

PURPOSE: To Introduce a combined orthodontic and orthognathic method for treatment of skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion in adults. METHODS: In orthodontic-surgical treatment on skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion in adults, the goal of orthodontics was to remove the compensation of upper and lower anterior teeth, leveling Spee's curve, adjusting relationship of the upper and lower dentition arch for intercuspid bite after surgery. The goal of orthodontics before surgery was visual treatment objective (OTV), model surgery and making of bite-plate. To achieve these goals, a combined orthodontic and orthognathic method for treatment of skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion in adults was adopted in this study. RESULTS: Stable function of stomotognathicia and satisfactory facial aesthetics after treatment were obtained. CONCLUSION: Oral and maxillofacial deformity must be treated by combining orthodontic treatment and surgical osteotomy in order to restore oral function and aesthetic appearance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Cephlometric analysis of the cranial base in class II(1) malocclusions with different vertical types in adolescences].

PURPOSE: To explore the morphology of the cranial base in Class II(1) malocclusions with different vertical types in adolescence. METHODS: The sample of 60 males and 60 females were divided into Class II(1) high-angle group, average-angle group, and low-angle group and normal occlusion group. Each group had 30 cases. Cephalograms were analyzed for all subjects. Data were obtained to have analysis of variance and LSD multiple range test. RESULTS: The cranial floor base angle (Ba-SE-FMS) of three groups with class II(1) malocclusion was increased. The anterior cranial floor angle was more open in the high angle group, and the flexure of the middle cranial floor was increased in the low angle and average angle groups. The 'effective vertical growth' of cranial floor was decreased while the mandibular plane angle was increased. CONCLUSION: The cranial floor base angle(Ba-SE-FMS) was suitable to describe the flexure of the cranial base, and indicated the mechanism of the Class II(1) malocclusion with different vertical types in adolescence.

Cephalometry↗