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Excellence, promise, vision, and values: reflections on the Janet Doe Lectures, 1967-1997.

As the Medical Library Association prepares to enter its second century of service to society, it can look back with pride on the remarkable record of achievements of the association and its members, both personal and institutional, which are preserved for posterity in the Janet Doe Lectures. Established in 1966 by an anonymous donor, the Janet Doe Lectures on the history or philosophy of medical librarianship trace the development of health sciences libraries and librarianship and the evolution of the Medical Library Association. The major themes which emerge from this comprehensive review of the lectures published between 1967 and 1997 include the changing roles and values of health sciences libraries and librarianship; education and credentialing of health sciences librarians; MLA activities and concerns; and MLA/National Library of Medicine relations.

Certification↗

The delivery of continuing education: teleconferencing, an alternative mode.

An experimental offering of the Medical Library Association's continuing education course CE 46, Library Management/Budgeting, was made available to sixteen health sciences librarians via the University of Wisconsin-Education Telephone Network. Features of the hardware of the teleconference network, a few applications relating to medicine and library science, and administrative considerations are examined. The paper also describes how the experimental course was conducted, course participants, design, problems encountered, and evaluation data obtained from participants. A comparison between the teleconferencing mode of delivery and the traditional face-to-face format is stressed. Recommendations call for continued consideration of teleconferencing as a method of delivering continuing education courses and suggest the possibility of MLA providing its own teleconferencing network.

Education, Continuing↗

Standards for Hospital Libraries 2002 with 2004 revisions.

The Medical Library Association's Standards for Hospital Libraries 2002 has been developed as a guide for hospital administrators, librarians, and accrediting bodies to ensure that hospitals have the resources and services to effectively meet their needs for knowledge-based information. Specific requirements for knowledge-based information include that the library be a separate department with its own budget. Knowledge-based information in the library should be directed by a qualified librarian who functions as a department head and is a member of the Academy of Health Information Professionals. The standards define the role of the medical librarian and the links between knowledge-based information and other functions such as patient care, patient education, performance improvement, and education. In addition, the standards address the development and implementation of the knowledge-based information needs assessment and plan, the promotion and publicity of the KBI services, and the physical space and staffing requirements. The role, qualifications, and functions of a hospital library consultant are outlined. The health sciences library is positioned to play a key role in the hospital. The increasing use of the Internet and new information technologies by medical, nursing, and allied health staffs, patients and the community require new strategies, strategic planning, allocation of adequate resources, and selection and evaluation of appropriate information resources and technologies. The Hospital Library Standards Committee has developed this document as a guideline to be used in facing these challenges together.

Guidelines as Topic↗

Serials standards work: the next frontier.

Serials, one of the more complicated areas of library technical endeavors, has lacked the benefit of standards for a long time. Even now, with standards beginning to be available, the majority of institutions are not working within standard serials formats. A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards. In the spring of 1988 a survey was sent to a group encompassing the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. The survey questionnaire assessed the current level of serials standards awareness of librarians and vendors. Topics included the type of serials systems used, standards relevant to serials control and union listing and whether or not they are implemented, types and levels of training staff received in the application of standards, benefits of the standards, and areas where standards are most needed.

Cataloging↗

End-user searching: impetus for an expanding information management and technology role for the hospital librarian.

Using the results of the 1993 Medical Library Association (MLA) Hospital Libraries Section survey of hospital-based end-user search services, this article describes how end-user search services can become an impetus for an expanded information management and technology role for the hospital librarian. An end-user services implementation plan is presented that focuses on software, hardware, finances, policies, staff allocations and responsibilities, educational program design, and program evaluation. Possibilities for extending end-user search services into information technology and informatics, specialized end-user search systems, and Internet access are described. Future opportunities are identified for expanding the hospital librarian's role in the face of changing health care management, advances in information technology, and increasing end-user expectations.

Computer Communication Networks↗

Collaboration in a continuum of learning: developing the next generation of leadership.

A project to create a lifelong learning community among health sciences library and information professionals by demonstrating the potential for using complementary technologies to provide access to a full range of educational experiences as recommended in Platform for Change, the Medical Library Association's educational policy statement, is described. The cooperative project brings together the rich continuing education tradition of the Medical Library Association, the experience of the University of South Carolina in distance education, and the Library and Information Science Distance Education Consortium to create a virtual campus through which health sciences library professionals may engage in lifelong learning.

Cooperative Behavior↗

logD7.4 modeling using Bayesian Regularized Neural Networks. Assessment and correction of the errors of prediction.

Bayesian Regularized Neural Networks (BRNNs) employing Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD) are used to construct a predictive model for the distribution coefficient logD7.4 from an in-house data set of 5000 compounds with experimental endpoints. A method for assessing the accuracy of prediction is established based upon a query compound's distance to the training set. logD7.4 predictions are also dynamically corrected with an associated library of compounds of continuously updated, experimentally measured logD7.4 values. A comparison of local models and associated libraries comprising separate ionization class subsets of compounds to compounds of a homogeneous ionization class reveals in this case that local models and libraries have no advantage over global models and libraries.

Algorithms↗

From Index Catalogue to Gopher space: changes in our profession as reflected in the Handbook and CPHSL.

A fifty-year review of the history of health sciences librarianship, as reflected in four editions of the Handbook of Medical Library Practice and its successor, Current Practice in Health Sciences Librarianship, illustrates the significant changes our profession has undergone. Publication in 1943 of the first edition of the Handbook marked an important milestone in the development of the Medical Library Association, as a group of dedicated volunteers documented standard practice and recorded useful data. Administration of health sciences libraries has moved from art to science. Responsibility for the development of collections is now the sole purview of professional librarians. Automation and bibliographic standards have revolutionized the methods for controlling and providing access to information resources. And, the means by which assistance is provided to library users, through the use of computer and telecommunications technology, has changed dramatically.

Cataloging↗

BRITISH CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICAL LIBRARIES OVERSEAS.

Since the Second World War, Britain has established or rehabilitated medical schools in eight territories for which she has some responsibility, and, through the British Council, she is making medical library services available in many other countries. Official organizations and professional bodies provide abstract and review journals which enable medical men overseas to keep abreast of modern knowledge, while the Library Association Medical Section and the British National Book Centre have established flourishing exchange services, whose facilities are offered to medical libraries abroad. The most pressing need in developing countries at the present time is for professional medical librarians. Opportunities for training in Britain are open to librarians through at least six official sources besides the British Council and World Health Organization, but so far only two trainees have presented themselves on such grants. Less experienced librarians in the developing countries also need the continuing support of their senior colleagues overseas.

Humans↗

The development of education for medical librarians.

Formal education for medical library specialization was initiated only thirty-two years ago despite the fact that medical libraries received special treatment for many years before that time. The philosophy of specialized education was developed as early as 1925, and this theory was finally put into practice beginning with the medical reference and bibliography course given at Columbia in 1939. In the late 1940s the requisites for medical librarians were formalized into a certification code by the Medical Library Association, and since that time specialized education for medical librarians has grown stronger using this code as a guideline. This education consists basically of two types-formal library school courses and internship programs which offer a working-while-learning situation. Now that the established programs have a few years of history, there is a need for evaluation and restatement of goals and methods.

Allied Health Personnel↗

MLA Exchange and medical libaries in India.

The paper deals with problems in obtaining single issues and complete volumes of medical periodicals through the international exchanges, mainly the Medical Library Association Exchange. It describes in detail how St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, acquires exchange material. It stresses the need to make the MLA Exchange known to those libraries which are presently unaware of its existence. Means of shipping exchange materials in the United States and Canada are also discussed.

Canada↗

Document delivery capabilities of major biomedical libraries in 1968: results of a national survey employing standardized tests.

The standardized Document Delivery Tests (DDT's) developed earlier (Bulletin 56: 241-267, July 1968) were employed to assess the capability of ninety-two medical school libraries for meeting the document needs of biomedical researchers, and the capability of fifteen major resource libraries for filling I-L requests from biomedical libraries. The primary test data are summarized as statistics on the observed availability status of the 300 plus documents in the test samples, and as measures expressing capability as a function of the mean time that would be required for users to obtain test sample documents. A mathematical model is developed in which the virtual capability of a library, as seen by its users, equals the algebraic sum of the basic capability afforded by its holdings; the combined losses attributable to use of its collection, processing, relative inacessibility, and housekeeping problems; and the gain realized by coupling with other resources (I-L borrowing). For a particular library, or group of libraries, empirical values for each of these variables can be calculated easily from the capability measures and the status statistics. Regression equations are derived that provide useful predictions of basic capability from collection size. The most important result of this work is that cost-effectiveness analyses can now be used as practical decision aids in managing a basic library service. A program of periodic surveys and further development of DDT's is recommended as appropriate for the Medical Library Association.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

Marcia Crocker Noyes, medical librarian: the shaping of a career.

This study explores the accomplishments of Marcia Crocker Noyes (1869-1946) in depth and examines how her unobtrusive, yet extremely influential, personality contributed to success in medical librarianship. In the library of the state medical society of Maryland and in the Medical Library Association, this pioneer medical librarian acted as a revitalizing force, and thus was in part responsible for the survival and subsequent growth of both institutions. Perhaps as important as her concrete contributions to medical libraries was the legacy which Miss Noyes bequeathed to her colleagues. She not only shaped the vocation of medical librarianship, but also by her example, stressed the dedication to the future necessary for one to be termed a professional.

History, 19th Century↗

Present at the creation: the founding and formative years of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries.

The Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) was founded in 1978 with the goal of strengthening academic health sciences libraries and increasing their participation nationally in efforts to improve medical education. A primary objective of the organization was to achieve a formal relationship with the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) through membership in the Council of Academic Societies (CAS). Initial steps in establishing AAHSL are examined, including its efforts to join CAS. The author pays tribute to AAHSL's founders, in particular Gerald Oppenheimer, without whose vision and leadership AAHSL would not have been formed.

History, 20th Century↗

MLA Certification by examination under the 1964 code: a survey of 1975-1976 participants.

The increased attention being given to an examination in the Medical Library Association certification process prompted a study of a group taking the examination under the old (1964 revision) code. Completed questionnaires were received from fifty-three of the sixty-five persons who took the examination in 1975 and 1976. Backgrounds of individuals varied, especially in years of experience. The majority of those responding had worked in both health sciences and other libraries. Experience in health sciences libraries was reported by 92% of those replying. A number of reasons for seeking MLA certification were given. Problems in being able to take MLA-approved courses prompted the choice of the examination process. Preparation for the examination was chiefly by self-directed study. Continuing education courses were considered as of greater value for professional development than as help on the examination. The examination was rated "moderately difficult" by 57% of those responding. Opinions were expressed on the skills and areas of expertise which were considered by this group to be important in an examination for professional competence.

Certification↗

Strategies and measures for our next century.

The centennial of the Medical Library Association offers an opportunity to reflect with some satisfaction on accomplishments and to consider the future. The Western Governors University is an illustration of the dynamic future. Professional values constitute both distinguishing characteristics and steadfast guides for succeeding in this complex environment. Powerful collaborative technologies now make it possible to overcome challenges that are beyond the capabilities of an individual librarian or library. Providing organized access to the Internet exemplifies these challenges. The profession has a strong history of cooperation but to take full advantage of collaboration, institutional and cultural barriers must be overcome. The National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) should be the facilitating agent in this process.

Community Networks↗

That vision thing.

The 1991 Janet Doe lecturer describes the vision held by the founders of the Medical Library Association of medical information being readily accessible to health professionals no matter how far they were located from major medical centers, and traces the pursuit of this vision to current outreach activities.

History, 19th Century↗

Certification of medical librarians, 1949--1977 statistical analysis.

The Medical Library Association's Code for Training and Certification of Medical Librarians was in effect from 1949 to August 1977, a period during which 3,216 individuals were certified. Statistics on each type of certificate granted each year are provided. Because 54.5% of those granted certification were awarded it in the last three-year, two-month period of the code's existence, these applications are reviewed in greater detail. Statistics on each type of certificate granted each year are provided. Because 54.5% of those granted certification were awarded it in the last three-year, two-month period of the code's existence, these applications are reviewed in greater detail. Statistics on MLA membership, sex, residence, library school, and method of meeting requirements are detailed. Questions relating to certification under the code now in existence are raised.

Canada↗