Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Labor Force”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Racial differences in per capita income, 1960-76: the importance of household size, headship, and labor force participation.

Racial differences in average per capita income are decomposed, as are changes over time for both races. The 1960-76 decline in household size accounted for 13 percent of the per capita income improvement of both races. Whereas real increases in earnings of husbands contributed most to improvements in well-being in husband-wife households, increases in income from sources other than earnings were most important to female headed households. During a period in which a growing proportion of both races resided in female headed households and racial differences in living arrangements widened, the per capita income of female headed households relative to husband-wife households declined.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1977

Labor force participation of working mothers and family formation: some further evidence.

This paper offers additional insight and evidence on the well-documented inverse relationship between female employment and fertility. Interviews with 388 working mothers from a probability sample in Robeson County, North Carolina, provide the data for testing the hypothesized relationships. Generally, the results indicate that lower fertility, lower desires and expectations, and earlier use of birth control are associated with work before the first birth and with employment of the longest duration. The timing of the first birth was not differentiated by variations in work experience. The results are conditional in that the relationships hold more for whites than for blacks or Indians.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Consensual and conflictual early retirement--flexible transition to retirement within the context of different labor force strategies].

20 case studies were carried out in different firms in East and West Germany to analyze the process of decision-making in early retirement. The results show the embeddedness of decision making into the respective labour force strategies of the firms. In companies with "internal labour force strategies" there is a consensus-oriented process of decision-making based on negotiations of the participants. In companies that mainly employ skilled workers, however, the process of decision-making is rather conflict-oriented. So, there is evidence that companies' policies on early retirement are two-edged. The consequences of these findings are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Labor force participation and family formation: a study of working mothers.

Drawing upon a sample of 638 mothers aged 18 to 40, with at least some marital work experience, significant associations were found between the extent, kind, and timing of employment and a series of family formation variables. Generally lower fertility, longer first birth intervals, and earlier use of birth control were associated with the longest work durations, the highest status jobs, and work before the birth of the first child. The data failed, however, to differentiate desired family size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Work at older ages in Japan: variation by gender and employment status.

OBJECTIVES: This study describes the correlates of labor force participation among Japanese men and women aged 60-85 and examines differences by gender and employment status. METHODS: Using four waves of data collected from a national sample of older Japanese between 1990 and 1999, we estimate multinomial logistic regression models for three measures of labor force participation (current labor force status, labor force exit, and labor force re-entry) as a function of individual and family characteristics measured 3 years earlier. RESULTS: Labor force participation is significantly associated with socioeconomic status, longest occupation, and family structure. The strength and nature of these relationships differ markedly for men and women and for wage employment and self-employment. DISCUSSION: The emphasis on life course experiences and work-family interdependence characterizing recent research on retirement in the United States is clearly relevant in Japan as well. To better understand later-life labor force participation in Japan, subsequent research should incorporate more direct measures of life course experiences and family relationships and attempt to make explicit cross-national comparisons of these relationships.

Age Factors↗