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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Central projections from singular parts of the vestibular labyrinth in the guinea pig.

Primary afferent projections from singular parts of the vestibular labyrinth were studied in the guinea pig. The posterior ampullary nerve, the common trunk of the anterior and lateral ampullary nerves, as well as fibers innervating the macula sacculi or the macula utriculi were traced with crystals of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) lyophilisate. Posterior, as well as anterior and lateral ampullary fibers were found to project extensively to the superior vestibular nucleus, but also reached the other main vestibular nuclei. Saccular fibers projected mainly to the lateral parts of the lateral vestibular nucleus and to the adjoining descending and superior vestibular nuclei as well as to group y. Modest projections could be followed to the medial vestibular nucleus. Furthermore, a distinct saccular projection to the cochlear nuclei was evident. Utricular projections reached the four main vestibular nuclei with a denser accumulation of fibers within ventral parts of the lateral, descending and superior vestibular nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evidence of direct communication of bone marrow cells with the endolymphatic sac in experimental autoimmune labyrinthitis.

In experimental autoimmune labyrinthitis, we found that the guinea pigs sensitized with bovine inner ear antigen (IEAg) developed cellular infiltration within the endolymphatic sac (E. sac). In this study, we investigated the distribution of immune mediated cells within bony vascular channels. The channels, which are normally found around the E. sac, are tiny and contain few immune-mediated cells. In contrast, in guinea pigs sensitized with IEAg bony vascular channels were large and contained immune-mediated cells. We hypothesize that immune-mediated cells in these channels are the result of the immune response directed against inner ear antigen, and that some immune-mediated cells seen in the E. sac during inner ear inflammatory events have migrated from the adjacent bone marrow.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Gap junction systems in the rat vestibular labyrinth: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis.

The distribution of gap junctions within the vestibular labyrinth was investigated using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Connexin26-like immunoreactivity was observed among supporting cells in each vestibular sensory epithelium. Reaction product was also present in the transitional epithelium of each vestibular endorgan and in the planum semilunatum of crista ampullaris. No connexin26-like immunoreactivity was observed among thin wall epithelial cells or among vestibular dark cells. In addition, fibrocytes within vestibular connective tissue were positively immunostained. Reaction product was also detected in the melanocyte area just beneath dark cells. Ultrastructural observations indicated that a gap junction network of vestibular supporting cells extends to the transitional epithelium and planum semilunatum and forms an isolated epithelial cell gap junction system in each vestibular endorgan. In contrast, no gap junctions were found among wall epithelial cells or among dark cells. Fibrocytes and melanocytes were coupled by gap junctions and belong to the connective tissue cell gap junction system, which is continuous throughout the vestibular system and the cochlea. The possible functional significance of these gap junction systems is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Carcinoma of the nasopharynx, radiotherapy, otitis, labyrinthitis, inflammation of the petrous bone, meningitis].

Endocranial complications of otitis show new etiopathogenic possibilities. We have accomplished an analysis of this issue after one of these cases. A female patient with a nasopharyngeal carcinoma developed an otogenous meningitis. Radiotherapeutic management was followed by osteoradionecrosis of cranial basis, local hypoimmunity favorized the reported course: middle otitis, labyrinthitis, petrositis and meningitis. Comments on pathogenetic, clinic and therapeutical peculiarities of this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Ataxia and deafness secondary to meningitis in children: the role of labyrinth diseases].

A study is made of post meningitic ataxia from 9 purulent meningitis observations in children. This ataxia is accompanied by a bilateral vestibular destruction syndrome in 6 of the 7 patients examined. The labyrinthic origin of the ataxia accounts for its pure static aspect, its regressive evolution and the frequency of associated deafness. The study of sightless walking on unstable ground (mattress) gives a clinical sight of the vestibular impairment long after the acute phase. In the same way, the study of post-meningitis deafness shows that, most of the time, it is accompanied by an impairment or the suppression of the vestibular reactions. The frequency of the inner ear impairment, after purulent meningitis is certainly underestimated for two reasons: on the one hand, the ataxia remains unknown most of the time because of the excellent vestibular compensation; on the other hand, the deafness can be slight or localized only on one side. Consequently it seems important to undertake in each purulent meningitis convalescent, a clinical examination of standing and walking positions, together with an examination of the hearing and vestibular functions, as soon as age allows it. Lastly, with regard to a pathogenic theory of purulent meningitis, the role of a possible viral component of the infection in the cochleo-vestibular impairment is called into question.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1992

[Labyrinth fistula in chronic otitis with cholesteatoma].

The authors studied 116 surgically treated patients with labyrinthine fistulae due to cholesteatoma. The fistulae were most commonly localized on the lateral semicircular canal (75%) and much less frequently involved only the oval window area (7%) and the promontory (4%). The multiple fistulae were found in 14% patients. The closed technique was used, while the open technique was adopted only when the ear was deaf preoperatively, in cases of multiple fistulae and associated intracranial complications. The cholesteatoma matrix was not removed from the fistula of the oval window area or the promontory or in the cases of multiple fistulae and large fistulae of the lateral semicircular canal if the cholesteatoma matrix had penetrated into the labyrinth. The fistulae on the lateral semicircular canal were covered by a piece of fascia. Postoperatively deafness occurred only very exceptionally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The apoplexy of the labyrinth (author's transl)].

Owing to the morphological, physiological and pathophysiological similarities in the vasculature of the brain and the inner ear, the term apoplexy can also be applied to the inner ear. The apoplexy of the labyrinth is defined as an acute and severe panlabyrinthic disturbance with sudden hearing loss or deafness in association with vestibular functional disorders. The apoplexy may occur after hemorrhage as a result of inner ear blood vessel ruptures or after malacias following localised ischemias just as it occurs in the brain. Treatment of such cases were carried out by application of high doses of cortison. The prognosis of these inner ear disturbances is unfavourable.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Guinea pig model of transplacental congenital cytomegaloviral infection with analysis for labyrinthitis.

Cytomegalovirus is the most frequently recognized cause of congenital viral infection and of viral induced congenital hearing loss. Histopathologic reports on temporal bones from nine congenitally infected infants have most often demonstrated an endolabyrinthitis. The guinea pig and its specific cytomegaloviruses have been studied extensively as a model of transplacentally acquired infection. However, to date no investigation has been performed on the inner ear of such congenitally infected animals. To determine if a congenital viral labyrinthitis occurs in these guinea pigs, a study was conducted in which pregnant Hartley and Strain 2 guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with virulent salivary gland passaged cytomegalovirus during the first, second, or third trimester. Various durations of gestation up to delivery were permitted and selected organs from the products were then studied with routine histologic and immunocytochemical methods and cell cultures to verify the presence of transplacental infection. The temporal bones were studied with routine histopathology as well as immunocytochemical methods to detect cytomegalovirus antigen. Over 190 products of conception studied in this fashion revealed no evidence of teratogenesis or labyrinthine infection. It is not clear why in the presence of viremia, which resulted in cytomegalovirus infection of multiple organs, the inner ears of these animals were apparently spared.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of steroid hormone on experimental viral labyrinthitis in guinea pigs].

Clinical and experimental reports confirm that steroid treatment enhances viral pathogenicity in acute infections in vivo. Despite this, steroids are commonly used for the treatment of sudden deafness even though viral infection is thought to be one of the etiological factors involved in the disease. In order to investigate the effect of steroid hormones on viral labyrinthitis, hydrocortisone was administered intramuscularly to 45 guinea pigs before or after Sendai virus (HVJ) was inoculated into their cochleas. Tissue samples were later examined electron-microscopically. Virus-induced cytopathic lesions in the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane in the steroid-treated animals were more severe than those observed in the control group. Furthermore, steroid treatment allowed virus infection to spread to the organ of Corti, interdental cells and spiral prominence epithelium, and caused degeneration of the tectorial membrane in the infected animals. Pathological findings demonstrated in this study such as degeneration of the organ of Corti, vacuolation and atrophy of the stria vascularis and detachment and degeneration of the tectorial membrane were similar to those demonstrated in studies of pathological changes caused by virus infection in human temporal bones. These results strongly suggest restraint in using steroid treatment in the early stages of sudden deafness, especially when a viral etiology is suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Efficacy of conventional methods of treating otitis media purulenta chronica in patients with cholesteatoma and fistula of the labyrinth].

Efficacy of two routine surgical methods was compared in patients with otitis media purulenta chronica having cholesteatoma and fistula. Twenty five patients were operated on the middle ear with preservation of cholesteatoma matrix fragment on fistula of the labyrinth (FL). Forty five patients were operated with plastic reconstruction of the fistula with autotissues. The acoustic and vestibular functions were studied before and after the operation, 3 years later using roentgenography of the temporal bones and high performance computed tomography of the temporal bones. As the results of surgery in both groups of patients were similar, both techniques can be applied in detection of FL at operation. It is shown that in unaffected acoustic and vestibular functions in conditions of active inflammation in the middle ear, it is advisable while operating on the middle ear to preserve matrix of cholesteatoma on FL of any location.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
PubMed1991

Congenital peripheral vestibular disease attributed to lymphocytic labyrinthitis in two related litters of Doberman pinscher pups.

Five Doberman Pinscher pups from a litter of 10 (litter A) and 3 of 9 pups from a subsequent mating of the same bitch (litter B) had clinical signs consistent with unilateral or bilateral peripheral vestibular disease. Results of CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, ophthalmologic examination, deep otoscopic examination, and CSF analysis were normal in all affected pups. Bacteriologic culture results from CSF were negative and affected pups did not have canine distemper antibody titers in CSF. The most severely affected littermates were euthanatized and necropsied at the owner's request. Gross lesions were not found at necropsy, but marked lymphocytic labyrinthitis was discovered microscopically in decalcified sections of the labyrinthine system. The case history and histologic findings were suggestive of an infectious, most likely viral, cause, but organisms were not isolated from specimens of CNS tissue. The involvement of the same bitch in the 2 litters suggests heritable factors. One mildly affected pup apparently recovered or compensated for its vestibular dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The special case: isolated neurinoma of the labyrinth (author's transl)].

A 28-year-old patient developed severe unilateral sensorineural deafness and vertigo. A tumor of the cerebello-pontine angle was assumed on the basis of a computed tomogram, and a translabyrinthine exposure of the internal auditory canal was performed. A histologically verified neurinoma was found, but in the labyrinthine vestibule. Although the tumor extended into the horizontal semicircular canal, both the internal auditory canal and the cerebello-pontine angle were tumor-free. The labyrinthine origin of a neurinoma has relevant implications for the differential diagnosis of progressive sensorineural deafness. As such, the filling of the internal auditory canal with contrast media does not preclude the presence of a tumor at the eighth nerve and requires additional precision tomography of the labyrinth.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of the fistula test and the positional test in the diagnosis of a fistula of the labyrinth (author's transl)].

In 111 patients with a chronic otitis media and symptoms of dizziness the positional reactions were examined. Among 75 patients, who underwent operations later on, a fistula of the labyrinth was preoperatively expected in 25 patients according to a positive fistula pressure sign or a pathological fistula positional reaction. A positive fistula positional sign shows a contralateral beating transitory nystagmus in the head hanging position, while after rapid sit up the nystagmus is starting to beat into the ipsilateral direction. A labyrinthine fistula was operatively confirmed in 15 patients out of 25 suspicious cases. In these 15 cases both the fistula and the positional test were positive in 9 cases. 3 had a positive fistula pressure test and 3 a positive fistula positional sign. In 50 patients with negative fistula reactions only one fistula was observed during operation. These data underline the importance of both pressure and positional reactions in the prediction of labyrinthine fistulas.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of the fistula test and the positional test in the diagnosis of a fistula of the labyrinth (author's transl)].

111 patients with a chronic otitis media and symptoms of dizziness were investigated. Out of 75 patients, who were operated, a fistula of the labyrinth was suspected in 25 patients due to a positive fistula test or a positive (fistula) positional test. A fistula was found in 15 patients. In those 15 cases both the fistula and the positional (fistula) test were positive in nine cases. In the remaining six cases three had a positive fistula test and three a positive (fistula) positional test. The other 50 patients all with negative fistula reactions one fistula was whereas found by the operation. This would indicate, that a positive fistula test and a positive (fistula) positional test are of value in the preoperative evaluation of patients with chronic otitis media and symptoms of vertigo.

Fistula↗
PubMed1994

[Histopathology of nonacoustic labyrinth following head injury in guinea pigs].

The histopathological changes in nonacoustic labyrinth induced by experimental head injury were studied in 11 guinea pigs. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group were killed after the pain sense recovered and the second group were allowed to survive for 15 days. The temporal bones were serially sectioned and observed under light microscope. The pathological findings of the vestibular organs included arrangement disturbance, lytic, exfoliate and vacuolization of the sensory epithelia, massive spherical bodies in the region of cilium. The otolithic membranes were exfoliated in the utricular and saccular maculae. There was the otolith by the ductus reuniens separated from the saccular maculae in one ear. There were basophilic staining homogenous deposit on the cristae ampullaris. These findings showed that impairments of vestibulae following head injury were obvious. The secondary impairments, cupulolithiasis and obstruction of the ductus reuniens, from the utricular and saccular maculae were one of the pathologic changes in hearing loss and vertigo following head injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pathology of prelingual profound deafness: magnitude of labyrinthitis fibro-ossificans.

Quantitative histologic studies were performed on 15 temporal bones from eight adult persons who were known to have prelingual bilateral profound hearing loss. The pathologic changes are characterized by severe degeneration of the structures of the cochlear duct, often with degeneration of the vestibular sense organs, causing a reparative host response that features osteoneogenesis and fibrous proliferation followed by retrograde neuronal degeneration. The pathology is consistent with meningogenic bacterial or viral labyrinthitis that occurred subclinically or went undiagnosed. Bone and fibrous tissue are present in varying extent in the scala tympani of 12 of the 15 temporal bones. Six cochleae from four subjects with fibro-osseous proliferation in the scala tympani extending as far as the ascending part of the basal turn have neuronal populations ranging from 963 to 5,355 (mean 2,826, 8% of neonatal normal, 35,500). In three cochleae from two subjects with no fibro-osseous proliferation in any area of the scala tympani the neuronal population ranges from 11,322 to 20,484 (mean 15,438, 43% of neonatal normal). Relative to cochlear implantation, computed tomographic imaging provides a means for determining the extent of fibro-osseous proliferation in the scala tympani, which in turn alerts the surgeon to surgical obstacles to optimal implantation as well as providing a basis for judging the extent of loss of cochlear neuronal population.

Aged↗