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Infection control is a nursing career option that offers variety, autonomy, expert status, and lifelong learning. The critical care nurse's experience with invasive procedures, knowledge of physiology, and readiness to handle the unexpected are an excellent background for this role.
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On 1st July 1995, an important change was made in DOH policy which affects all staff employed in the operating theatre. It was from this date that staff were required to declare their hepatitis B status. As workers who undertake exposure prone procedures (EPP workers), theatre staff are required to be immunised against this disease and to have their vaccination dates and immunity recorded by their employer's Occupational Health Department. Job applicants will not be offered a post unless they can provide proof of immunisation. This important change has been in force for medical EPP workers since July 1994. Other staff are also recommended to have been immunised against hepatitis B although failure to do so should not preclude them from employment in non-EPP areas. This means that any person working in the operating theatre will be required to prove that he or she: has been successfully immunised has attempted immunisation but failed to respond is not a carrier of the hepatitis B virus (i.e. that they are surface antigen negative) The document issued by the DOH1 states that: 'no-one involved in exposure prone procedures can refuse to be immunised or show that they are not infectious carriers of hepatitis B: refusers will not be allowed to continue EPP work' Non-responders to immunisation will be required to provide fresh blood tests every six months in order to prove their continuing non-carrier status.
BACKGROUND: This experiment was conducted to validate the requirement for normal color vision in Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) personnel who work at en route center, terminal, and Flight Service Station (FSS) facilities. METHODS: A data base was developed involving 121 individuals with normal color vision, 31 simple and 44 extreme anomalous trichromats, and 48 dichromats; both protans and deutans were included. The performance of subjects with normal color vision was compared with the performance of individuals with various classifications of color vision deficiencies on a battery of color-dependent ATCS tasks. Simulations of the ATC color tasks concerned color coding in flight progress strips (at en route centers), aircraft lights and Aviation Signal Light indicator (in tower operations), and color weather radar (at FSS's). RESULTS: Errors were rare among normal trichromats. Mean errors were significantly higher at every level (degree) of color vision deficiency. Approximately 6% of color deficient subjects were able to perform ATC color tasks without error. The 6% were all from the simple anomalous trichromat category; all extreme anomalous trichromats and dichromats were prone to error on ATC tasks. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that these findings provide support for the requirement of normal color vision in the initial medical screening of ATCS personnel.
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Part-time consulting provides professional stimulation, supplemental income, and improved professional status, and is very satisfying. Most consults have an end point, resulting in a sense of accomplishment that is sometimes difficult to achieve in the course of normal duties. I encourage everyone with an interest to try consulting.
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Drug abuse poses health and safety hazards, both in the workplace and in the wider community. There is increasing pressure to use urine drug tests to determine the prevalence of drug abuse, to deter illicit use of drugs, and to identify drug abusers for rehabilitation. Drug-abuse testing programs have been implemented for employees, job applicants, policemen, firemen, enlisted personnel of the army, athletes, and workers in occupations that are considered critical to public safety and health, such as those in nuclear power plants and the transportation industry. Since the consequences of a positive test can be quite severe, there is a need to develop uniform and internationally recognized methods for identifying drug abuse. The paper discusses selection of biological specimens for drug-abuse testing, main characteristics of drugs of abuse and recommended analytical techniques for their determination. The importance of a quality assurance program for drug-testing laboratories is emphasised.
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An occupational preventive medicine program attempts to control exposure so workers experience no detrimental effect on health. In a chemically complex industry, the definition of exposure is difficult because of the many different chemicals used and produced, the many different jobs and processes with qualitatively different exposures, and the movement of workers from job to job. Jobs have therefore been grouped on the basis of process or product into functionally homogeneous categories called occupational titles (OT's). Work experience can now be quantified independent of exposure (or by the dominant toxicants in each OT) and compared to health outcomes. Examples are discussed of the application of OT's to studies of the mortality and morbidity experience in the rubber industry, and the development of dose-response relations.
Epidemiological studies of disease can make use of ancillary risk-factors, acquired from individuals outside the disease study. For example, several disease studies might use the same job-exposure matrix to quantify risks due to occupational exposure to industrial agents. We construct a graphical model to combine a logistic regression disease model with models for the ancillary data and the risk-factor distribution in the population. We estimate the graphical model using Gibbs sampling, and in simulations compare it with methods of direct substitution into logistic regression.
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