Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Jews”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[A few remarks on Freud's attitude to the Nazis, "Jo as Jew"].

My aim is to put the question of Freud's attitude to Nazism in historical perspective, that is to get the facts straight. From the study of some documents it can be established that from the very first symptoms of Nazism, Freud tore up his Germanic roots in order to base himself essentially on Jewish values. His advice is to give up fighting "the spiritual currents of the Germany of today". He says of the Germans: "Let us give them up" (1923). "Should we not leave to itself this people abandoned by God" (1932). Reproaching Freud with having been indifferent towards or even acquiescing in the fate of German psycho-analysis overlooks the concrete situation of Freud and European Jews in general during the "brown years". As for those, few in number one hopes, who today regard Freud's jubilant humour when, on the eve of his departure from Vienna, he was ordered to state that he had been correctly treated and is supposed to have written: "I can warmly recommend the Gestapo to everyone", as genuine support for the Gestapo, my word are not addressed to them. They have passed a barrier beyond which my ticket is no longer valid.

Europe↗
PubMed1995

[The migration of Jews from the former Soviet Union: a new challenge for Israel?].

"This article is a contribution to the knowledge on the migratory results stemming from the collapse of the communist bloc. Since 1989, more than half a million... Jews have left the former Soviet Union for Israel. Thus, the Jewish state [has become] one of the major countries [to feel] the effects of this important geopolitical event. So, in this contribution, we will try to expose, with the first results of research, the patterns of this migration and to answer the inherent questions in this kind of [problem]: who are these migrants and what are their motives? and what are the effects of this migration for this area...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Asia↗
PubMed2004

Differences in infant mortality rates between Jews and Arabs in Israel, 1975-2000.

BACKGROUND: The infant mortality rate is a health status indicator. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in infant mortality rates between Jews and Arabs in Israel between 1975 and 2000. METHODS: Data were used from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Department of Mother, Child and Adolescent Health in the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: The IMR in 2000 was 8.6 per 1,000 live births in the Israeli Arab population as compared to 4.0 in the Jewish population. Between 1970 and 2000 the IMR decreased by 78% among Moslems, 82% among Druze, and 88% among Christians, as compared to 79% in the Jewish population. In 2000, in the Arab population, 40% of all infant deaths were caused by congenital malformations and 29% by prematurity, compared to 23% and 53%, respectively, in the Jewish population. Between 1970 and 2000 the rate of congenital malformations declined in both the Arab and Jewish populations. In the 1970s the rate was 1.4 times higher in the Arab community than in the Jewish community, and in 2000 it was 3.7 times higher. CONCLUSION: As in the Jewish population, the IMR in the Arab community has decreased over the years, although it is still much higher than that in the Jewish community. Much remains to be done to reduce the incidence of congenital malformations among Arabs, since this is the main cause of the high IMR in this population.

Arabs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nervous diseases and eugenics of the Jews: a view from 1918.

The Jewish physician, specializing in psychiatry in Warsaw, Poland, Shneor Zalman Bychowski (1865-1934) was deeply involved in public affairs, and especially in Zionist activity. Although he supported the need for eugenic means to avert the degenerative trends among Eastern Jewish populations, he insisted that the notorious neuropathies of these Jews were not hereditary, but rather induced by the social and economic conditions to which these individuals were exposed. An abridged and annotated trans- lation of Bychowski's Hebrew article in the periodical Ha-Tekufah is presented.

Eugenics↗
PubMed1991

Tay-Sachs disease in Moroccan Jews: deletion of a phenylalanine in the alpha-subunit of beta-hexosaminidase.

Tay-Sachs disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by defects in the beta-hexosaminidase alpha-subunit gene. The carrier frequency for Tay-Sachs disease is significantly elevated in both the Ashkenazi Jewish and Moroccan Jewish populations but not in other Jewish groups. We have found that the mutations underlying Tay-Sachs disease in Ashkenazi and Moroccan Jews are different. Analysis of a Moroccan Jewish Tay-Sachs patient had revealed an in-frame deletion (delta F) of one of the two adjacent phenylalanine codons that are present at positions 304 and 305 in the alpha-subunit sequence. The mutation impairs the subunit assembly of beta-hexosaminidase A, resulting in an absence of enzyme activity. The Moroccan patient was found also to carry, in the other alpha-subunit allele, a different, and as yet unidentified, mutation which causes a deficit of mRNA. Analysis of obligate carriers from six unrelated Moroccan Jewish families showed that three harbor the delta F mutation, raising the possibility that this defect may be a prevalent mutation in this ethnic group.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

High frequency of the Gaucher disease mutation at nucleotide 1226 among Ashkenazi Jews.

Reliable estimates of the frequency of Gaucher disease-producing mutations are not available. The high frequency of Gaucher disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population is due to the occurrence of a mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1226. We have screened 593 DNA samples from normal Ashkenazi Jews, as well as 62 DNA samples from all our Ashkenazi Jewish patients with Gaucher disease, for the presence of the 1226 mutation. In the 593 presumed normal Ashkenazi Jewish individuals the 1226 mutation was identified in the heterozygous state in 37 and in the homozygous state in two, giving a gene frequency of .035 for the mutation. This 1226 mutation represented 73% of the 124 Gaucher disease alleles in Jewish Gaucher disease patients. Accordingly we estimate that the gene frequency for Gaucher disease among the Ashkenazi Jewish population is .047, which is equivalent to a carrier frequency of 8.9% and a birth incidence of 1:450.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential mortality by ethnicity and nativity: foreign- and native-born Irish, Italians, and Jews in New York City, 1979-1981.

This paper compares the mortality experience of foreign- and native-born Irish, Italians, and Jews in New York City in 1979-81. In most cases, denominator data were not available, so proportional mortality analysis was used. An estimation procedure was undertaken to show the degree to which standardized proportional mortality ratios approximate relative standardized mortality measures. Major and lifestyle-related causes of death were examined, as were specific sites of cancer. While no consistent pattern merged which related nativity or ethnicity to the relative distribution of mortality, it does appear that the intra-ethnic patterns of the Irish group were unique relative to those of the Italian and Jewish groups. Overall, this study suggests a number of interesting relationships between ethnicity, nativity, and the distribution of mortality by cause.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Generational change in skin color variation among Habbani Yemeni Jews.

The Habbani Yemeni Jews were a religious isolate in Yemen for centuries. Since a bottleneck in the late eighteenth century the population, composed of six partrilineages, has steadily grown. Isonymy analysis of Habbani genealogies reveals a significant increase in lineage endogamy by the early twentieth century, suggesting that microdifferentiation of Habbani population genetic structure along the patrilineages was occurring. We examine reflectance data from a "parental" generation of 159 individuals studied by Hulse in the 1960s and reflectance data from an "offspring" generation of 243 individuals studied by Towne in the 1980s. A greater amount of interlineage skin color differences is found in the offspring generation than in the parental generation. This finding is consistent with what is known of the evolution of Habbani population genetic structure.

Female↗
PubMed1989

["The Jews interpret in a crazy manner." Evaluation of a classical text].

The author scrutinizes a text taken from the law of Justinian, 553 A. D., which assigns the Jews a place in the occidental-Christian system of thought. The identity of personal power, whether imperial or papal, and legal text merges the real and the symbolic. That is, authority determines the interpretation of the text. The author designates this the Christian-industrial religion and the Christian-industrial psychology and thereby draws connections with the present. Jewish textual interpretation, in which the text alone yields authority, is nourished--like psychoanalysis--by the tension between reality and fantasy, by the contradiction between power and desire.

Europe↗
PubMed1984

A Glanzmann's thrombasthenia cluster among Iraqi Jews in Israel.

A country-wide survey of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in Israel identified 44 patients. The patients belong to 23 unrelated families, 17 of whom are of Iraqi Jewish origin. The frequency of thrombasthenia among Iraqi Jews in Israel (total population 270,000) is 1:7714 and thus the calculated frequency of the carrier state is 2.3%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in adult Jews of different origins: the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic prevalence study.

Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in a cross-sectional sample of 6,952 middle-aged Jerusalem residents in 1976-79, using the protocols and methods of the North American Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) prevalence studies. There were highly significant variations between groups of Jews of different origin. Age-adjusted levels of total cholesterol were about 10 mg/dl higher in European- and Israeli-born men and women than in immigrants from North Africa or Asia. TG levels showed a similar pattern in men, but the reverse in women. HDL-C levels were 2 to 4 mg/dl higher in European- and Israeli-born women than in female immigrants from Asia or North Africa. In men there was little variation of HDL-C by origin, but males showed significant ethnic differences in the proportion of HDL-C in total cholesterol, while females did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Definition of the population at risk of bleeding due to factor XI deficiency in Ashkenazic Jews and the value of activated partial thromboplastin time in its detection.

The previously found high gene frequency of hereditary Factor XI deficiency among Ashkenazic Jews, and the risk of bleeding following trauma in this disorder, prompted us to define the population at risk of bleeding and to evaluate the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as a screening test for its detection. The APTT values of 30 patients with severe Factor XI deficiency (0 to 0.14 unit/ml) overlapped only minimally with the APTT of 56 healthy subjects with Factor XI levels greater than 0.5 unit/ml. In contrast, APTT values of partially deficient patients (Factor XI: 0.15 to 0.49 unit/ml) overlapped substantially with the APTT values of the healthy subjects. However, when only subjects at risk of bleeding were considered (Factor XI less than 0.3 unit/ml), the overlap of APTT values was much smaller. The apparent frequency of this population at risk in the general Ashkenazic population was found to be 3.05%. If a cutoff point of an APTT value at the 80th percentile of the normal range is taken for detection of subjects belonging to this group, one will miss only 4.4% of these cases, with confidence limits of 0.1 to 21%.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1978

Absence of functional beta-globin messenger RNA in Kurdish Jews with beta0-thalassemia.

Human globin messenger RNA was isolated from reticulocytes of four Jewish patients of Kurdish origin with homozygous beta0-thalassemia. On translation in the wheat-germ cell-free system, messenger RNA from these patients directed extensive synthesis of alpha- and gamma-globin chains, but synthesis of beta-globin chains was not detectable. In contrast, nonthalassemic human globin messenger RNA directed the synthesis of essentially equimolar amounts of alpha- and beta-globin. The patterns of globin synthesized by beta0-thalassemic messenger RNA in the cell-free system were virtually identical to the patterns of globin synthesized in peripheral blood cells of these patients. beta0-thalassemic messenger RNA similarly failed to direct any detectable beta-globin synthesis in a micrococcal nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate, even in the presence of an excess of purified eukaryotic initiation factor 2. These results strongly suggest that functional messenger RNA for beta-globin chains is absent in Kurdish Jews with homozygous beta0-thalassemia.

Cell-Free System↗
PubMed1994

Serum protein polymorphism in Chuetas (Majorcan Jews)--GC, A2HS, ORM, ITI and HP.

A sample of 140 Chuetas (descendants of Majorcan Jews) were typed for the GC, A2HS, ORM, ITI and HP serum proteins. Studies on ORM and ITI markers have not yet been reported in other Jewish populations. The allele frequencies obtained were: GC*1 = 0.610; A2HS*1 = 0.787; ORM*F1 = 0.339; ORM*S = 0.497; ITI*1 = 0.581; ITI*2 = 0.414; HP*2FS = 0.625; HP*1S = 0.230; HP*1F = 0.135. Some rare variants were found in polymorphic frequencies (ORM*S1 = 0.043; ORMS*S2 = 0.096; A2HS*10 = 0.015). These results have been compared with those found in other Jewish and non-Jewish European populations. The relatively high frequency of the HP*2FS allele and the presence of ORM*S1 and ORM*S2 variants in Chuetas show the Jewish origin of this population. The frequencies of GC and A2HS in Chuetas are similar to those found in other surrounding non-Jewish populations. ITI results are similar to those found in the two European populations studied. HP frequencies suggest a Spanish admixture.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1994

Jews and their intraethnic differential vulnerability to affective disorders, fact or artifact? I: An overview of the literature.

The observation that Ashkenazim have higher rates of affective disorders than either Sephardi or Oriental Jews was reanalyzed from the available literature. Statistical reanalysis of these studies was consistent with rates being elevated for Ashkenazim. The results of these treatment-based studies, however, suffer from biases due to differential help-seeking patterns, lack of accounting for readmission rates, diagnostic unreliability, misuse of frequency ratios relative to other disorders and failure to control for confounding variables. As a result of these causes for biases and in the absence of a true incidence or prevalence study serving as a basis for these observations, the assumption that Ashkenazim are at an increased risk for affective disorders is questionable and may be a mere result of methodological artifacts.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Molecular genetics of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in Jews of north African origin.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an autosomal recessive sterol storage disease characterized by the accumulation of a bile alcohol, cholestanol, in diverse tissues. The disorder is manifested by extensive nervous system involvement, juvenile cataracts, tendon xanthomas, and premature atherosclerosis and is caused by sterol 27-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.15) mutations. Recently, two mutations were shown to cause CTX in four Jewish families of Moroccan origin. An additional mutant allele, found in a Jewish family of Algerian origin is characterized here. Sequence analysis revealed a C to T transition at cDNA position 1037 which predicted a threonine to methionine substitution at residue 306 (designated T306M). It is highly suggestive, but not definitive, that this transition is the mutation causing CTX in this family. A search for additional cases from Jewish families of North African extraction identified five new families including 10 cases. The three sterol 27-hydroxylase gene mutations account for all 10 CTX families and their presence may suggest the existence of positive selective forces that lead to an increased prevalence of this relatively rare disease in Jews from North Africa.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMed1994

The frequency of the C854 mutation in the aspartoacylase gene in Ashkenazi Jews in Israel.

Canavan disease (CD) is an infantile neurodegenerative disease that is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and has mainly been reported in Ashkenazi Jewish families. The primary enzymatic defect is aspartoacylase deficiency, and an A-to-C transition at nucleotide 854 of the cDNA has recently been reported. We screened 18 patients with CD and 879 healthy individuals, all Israeli Ashkenazi Jews, for the mutation. All 18 patients were homozygotes for the mutation, and 15 heterozygotes were found among the healthy individuals. The results disclose a carrier rate of 1:59 and suggest that a screening for the mutation is warranted among Ashkenazi Jewish couples.

Amidohydrolases↗