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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Augmentation of osteoporotic bone: effect of pulsed jet-lavage on injection forces, cement distribution, and push-out strength of implants.

Demographic change in the population leads to higher incidence of fragility fractures. Fracture fixation with standard implants may lead to implant cut-out due to reduced purchase. Augmentation of the bone stock with bone cements might overcome this problem. However, cancellous bone infiltration with the viscous cement dough reveals problems of fat embolism or high pressures during application of the cement. This study investigates the improved quality of bovine cancellous bone augmentation when pulsed jet-lavage is used for fat and marrow removal. Parameters such as injection forces, cement dough distribution through cannulated implants and mechanical strength of the fixation were applied for quantification. Injection of 5 mL of acrylic bone cement required significantly lower forces in the lavaged as compared to the untreated bone (50 N vs. > 300 N). Cement distribution was much more homogeneous and push-out forces significantly higher in the pretreated bone group (8.33 +/- 1.41 kN vs. 1.66 +/- 0.63 kN). The application of pulsed jet-lavage for fat removal prior to acrylic cement augmentation led to much more controlled outcomes of the augmentation. This seems to be a relevant step towards safe and efficient injection of bone cements into cancellous bone structures.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1990

Intramuscular administration of atropine in the rat: jet spray versus conventional needle injection.

The characteristics of atropine plasma levels after jet spray injection were compared to those after conventional needle injection (i.m.) in 12 male rats, six per group. Blood samples were sequentially collected from the tip of the tail over a 7h period. Injection of atropine sulfate (8.0 mg kg-1) using the jet spray resulted in mean peak plasma levels of 650 ng ml-1 (95 per cent C.I. = 90) compared to 488 ng mg-1 (95 per cent C.I. = 64) using a conventional needle. Times to reach maximum concentration were 30 min (95 per cent C.I. = 12) and 58 min (95 per cent C.I. = 6) for the jet spray and needle, respectively. Histopathologic examination (5 days post-injection) of target muscle showed that minimal fiber damage resulted from using the low pressure setting on the jet spray. The results suggest that the jet spray may offer a means of increasing the antidotal benefit over that achieved with conventional techniques using presently available therapeutic formulations for acetylcholinesterase poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The treatment of osteoarthrosis deformans by needle-jet intra- and periarticular drug injections].

The paper reports pilot experience with jet needle drug injections for knee joint osteoarthrosis deformans running with proliferative involvement. The treatment was performed outpatiently in the disease exacerbations associated with reactive synovitis. Injections of 20 mg kenalog were made with the semiautomatic combined jet injector ISI-I. 24 patients received 71 injections (a mean of 2.1 injections, each). Basic therapy underwent no changes. The course of injections produced improvement in 21 patients (87.5%). The majority of them got better as early as the first injection: arthrosis symptoms and pain alleviated, joint hyperthermia reduced, the mobility, on the contrary, increased. Blood counts showed no negative trends. Complications and exacerbations due to the treatment were not reported. Because of the efficacy, easy performance, painlessness, jet intra- and periarticular injections are believed beneficial and can be used outpatiently.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[High-dose nitroglycerin in cardiogenic shock].

Effective hemodynamics was reestablished in 20 out of 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction or other heart diseases running in the presence of cardiogenic shock by isolated jet intravenous injection of nitroglycerin without vasopressors. 14 of them survived, whereas out of 17 controls treated with vasopressors alone 16 patients died. It is thought valid to start treatment of cardiogenic shock in elevated venous pressure with intravenous jet injection of nitroglycerin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of air entrainment on airway pressure during endotracheal gas injection.

Turbulent jets in endotracheal tubes induce air entrainment and airway pressure changes. We attempted to understand the physical explanation for these effects, which open up to a wide range of applications in intubated patients. An in vitro study was performed on standard size endotracheal tubes with diameters of 8, 7, and 3 mm and several capillaries molded into the wall (less than 1 mm diam) allowing gas injection at approximately 1-2 cm from the tracheal end of the endotracheal tube. This produced a jet velocity-dependent gain in tracheal pressure (Ptr) during inspiration. Data have been interpreted with a theory, based on the classic momentum theorem, which indicates that the mechanisms involved resemble those of axisymmetrical confined jets: air entrainment by turbulent friction with a longitudinal increase in lateral pressure. The difference with axisymmetrical systems lies in the nonconservation of the total thrust in our system because, secondary to wall friction and to the nonaxial incidence of the jets, only a fraction of the jet momentum flux is transformed into pressure. This suggests faster mixing in the present lateral jet system, as shown by 1) the independence of Ptr on tracheal geometry and 2) the very rapid increase in lateral pressure. The present study supports the idea that pressure changes in the airways, which are potentially beneficial in intubated patients, can be satisfactorily generated by turbulent jets.

Intubation, Intratracheal↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a no-needle penile injector: a preliminary study evaluating tissue penetration and its hemodynamic consequences in the rat.

OBJECTIVES: Intracavernous needle injection is an effective delivery method for pharmacotherapy of erectile dysfunction. Needle phobia, pain, and concern about local tissue injury have stimulated the search for new, less invasive means of inducing penile erection. In this preliminary communication, we evaluate a jet injector as an alternative to needle injection for intracavernous delivery of vasoactive drugs. METHODS: Jet injection was evaluated in three groups of rats receiving either India ink, saline, or papaverine into the penis. The ability of the jet injection to penetrate through the tunica albuginea and deliver liquid to the corpora cavernosa smooth muscle was assessed by the degree of staining within the corpus cavernosum (ink group), histologic change (saline group), and rise in intracavernous pressure (papaverine group). Erectile capacity following cavernous nerve electric stimulation was compared before and 1 hour after injection of saline or papaverine. RESULTS: Ink traversed the skin and tunica albuginea with extensive deposition noted within the cavernous spaces. Varying degree of subcutaneous hemorrhage were seen with saline jet injection; however, the corpus cavernous smooth muscles showed no evidence of injury. Jet injection of papaverine 3250 micrograms significantly increased cavernous pressure (39.4 +/- 4.6 cm H2O) compared with saline injection (2.8 +/- 1.3 cm H2O). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that acute jet injection is an effective method for intracavernous delivery of drugs. Long-term effects should be evaluated prior to clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Permanent tattoos following injections with Dermo-Jet: anatomoclinical study. Apropos of 5 cases].

Blue or black tattoos were observed in five patients who had received several intradermal injections (of a lidocaine solution or of a triamcinolone acetonide suspension) with the Dermo-Jet. A histological examination revealed the presence of black masses, rounded or elongated, different in size, distributed throughout dermal tissue. Additionally, conglomerates of black grains in the cytoplasm of histiocytes and of pericytes are precisely observed in semi-thin sections. It has been proved by several investigations that these foreign particles are not of metallic nature. It can be concluded from electron microscopic studies that the particles are fragments of black rubber, from the upper joint of the reservoir. Indeed, some rubber fragments are leached into the reservoir. Some of these are passing through the wire-mesh filter of the nozzle (with the solution or the suspension) when injections are made. Therefore, they are injected intradermally and are permanently tattooing the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Complications in the intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide by jet injector (Dermojet).

Two patients with lichenified eczematous lesions on the dorsal aspect of the hands were treated intralesionally with triamcinolone acetonide injected with an air-powered high-pressure device, Dermojet. The therapy was complicated by tendon rupture in one patient and by the development of a subcutaneous nodule, which was suspected to be a foreign body granulomatous reaction, in the other patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Validation of the subcutaneous-jet method of smallpox vaccination].

Reactogenic properties and survival of the smallpox vaccine virus in the organism of the vaccinated rabbits were studied for the purpose of experimental substantiation of the subcutaneous-jet method of smallpox vaccination; serological shifts were determined, and also the intensity of the immunity created to the intracerebral and intranasal infection with the pathogenic strain of the causative agent was assessed. The results of experiment were confirmed in revaccination of humans pointing to weak reactogenic properties and high immunological efficacy of the subcutaneous-jet method of smallpox vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The respirator injector as a possible cause of complications in high frequency artificial respiration of the lungs].

Improper design of an injector can cause pulmonary overdistension, fall in venous return, alveolar hypoventilation, insufficient humidification of inhaled gas and oxygen toxicity syndrome during HFJV. Functional characteristics of widely used injectors were determined and their role in the development of serious complications of HFJV is discussed. Special attention is paid to the flow resistance of the injector, its inner volume, ejection ratio, and maximum inspiratory pressure generated by the injector. Practical steps to avoid these complications are recommended.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of patient preference for insulin jet injectors versus needle and syringe.

Many studies have tested the insulin absorption rate and mechanical reliability of jet injectors. However, no published papers have dealt exclusively with patient preference for this method of administering insulin over a period of years. This paper reports the results of a survey done to determine if use of a jet injector for delivering insulin has an effect on acceptance of and adherence to a regimen of multiple doses of insulin. Over the past 15 years, the authors have instructed approximately 70 patients to use various jet injectors. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 75 patients. Of these, 42 completed and returned the questionnaire. Survey results indicate that even though some problems with the injectors were identified, 70% of those responding still preferred to take insulin by jet injector.

Adult↗