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PubMed1994

Curriculum for medical informatics at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn.

The specialized university curriculum for medical informatics at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn described in this paper is one of the oldest educational approaches in the field of medical informatics, and has been successful for more than 20 years with more than 600 graduates (Diplom-Informatiker der Medizin). It is based on the concept of medical informatics as an independent medical discipline, and covers the total spectrum ranging from health care economics, biosignal and medical image processing, model building in medicine, to information and knowledge processing in medicine. It is a program of 4.5 years duration with a strong emphasis on the methodological foundations of medical informatics and on practical education in a number of specific laboratories. Thirty-five students are admitted each semester, and in total about 390 students enrolled. The faculty consists of 17 full-time members and about 25 part-time lecturers.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Management-focused health informatics research and education at the University of Manchester.

The Health Services Management Unit was established in 1956 and the Centre for Health Informatics in 1988 as one of eight new centres of research and professional practice. New programmes of informatics education have been created to integrate many of the areas of social and management sciences with clinical work. The model, of a multi-disciplinary higher education department based at a University with very substantial departments of Bio-Medicine and Computation, enables the Centre to reflect an alternative paradigm of health informatics. Informatics practitioners from many disciplines are taught a combination of knowledge and skills through a range of educational methods. A classification scheme for educational work is offered.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed1994

Directions and opportunities in health informatics in British Columbia.

The social changes, and changes in perceptions of the effectiveness of health care in British Columbia have resulted in a large number of recommendations in the report of the British Columbia Royal Commission on Health Care and Costs. Many of these recommendations have implications for health informatics. The British Columbia Government, in outlining a response, foresees a major change in the emphases of health care, which will involve four major areas of health informatics: network evolution, automation of the patient record, outcome- and other quality-related databases, and consumer health education. These themes are discussed, in the light of the opinions of academics, health care providers, and the health-informatics industry. The themes must be intercalated into the health informatics curriculum, to equip graduates for the challenges of B.C.'s changing health care system.

British Columbia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing informatics educational needs.

A survey was conducted among 497 respondents in a northeastern metropolitan area to determine the informatics educational needs of professional nurses. All subjects were asked to indicate on a four-point scale their current knowledge and their desired knowledge in 23 content areas. The population was subdivided into three subsamples based on job classification. There were differences in the informatics educational needs of nurse educators, nurse managers, and informatics nurses. There was interest in returning to school for a graduate degree or certificate in nursing informatics by a majority of the sample, although 71% of the respondents already possess a higher degree.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing informatics in Australia.

The development of nursing informatics in Australia began around 1984 and has had a tortuous history. Nevertheless, it has helped create awareness of the discipline of informatics and the technology available. Nurses have been important in stimulating interest in health informatics throughout the country. This paper discusses nursing informatics in Australia in terms of historical roots, professional organizations, education, work experience, research, and government programs.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Medical informatics--an interdisciplinary approach.

Medical informatics is the first science that has incorporated all traditional medical disciplines. That progress is possible due to fast development of new technologies, particularly in informatics, as well as due to common needs of all medical disciplines. Information is crucial component of all investigations, and that is why the main goal should be incorporation of information technologies into medical practice. Due to its complexity, medical informatics is interdisciplinary. That is evident through incorporation of different methods, principles, techniques etc., that are used while carrying out the tasks in the field of medical informatics. Implementation of modern technologies, particularly information technologies in medicine, will enable faster data processing; it will reduce expenditures in all branches of medicine (statistics, documentation or documentary etc.). Thus, medical staff will have much more time to devote themselves to primary tasks.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed1998

Citation analysis in journal rankings: medical informatics in the library and information science literature.

Medical informatics is an interdisciplinary field. Medical informatics articles will be found in the literature of various disciplines including library and information science publications. The purpose of this study was to provide an objectively ranked list of journals that publish medical informatics articles relevant to library and information science. Library Literature, Library and Information Science Abstracts, and Social Science Citation Index were used to identify articles published on the topic of medical informatics and to identify a ranked list of journals. This study also used citation analysis to identify the most frequently cited journals relevant to library and information science.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1999

Use of fuzzy set theory to extend Dhawan's journal selection model: ranking the biomedical informatics serials.

OBJECTIVE: Experts disagree on the parameters to use to identify the "best" serials within a scientific field. The author set out to develop an extension to Dhawan's journal selection model for ranking serials in any scientific field. METHODS: Comparison of three different instantiations of Dhawan's model were used to rank thirty-four biomedical informatics serials. RESULTS: The first instantiation of Dhawan's model identified seven serials and divided them into two groups. The second instantiation of Dhawan's model identified twelve serials and separated them into two groups. Using fuzzy set theory the new extended model produced a rank ordered list of the top twelve biomedical informatics serials. CONCLUSIONS: Use of fuzzy set theory to assign set membership and combine data in Dhawan's journal selection model allows one to: (1) eliminate the need to determine arbitrary cutoff points for inclusion of serials within each of Dhawan's evaluation criteria categories, (2) combine data from disparate sources, and (3) obtain a rank-ordered list of the biomedical informatics serials rather than simply identifying a set of the "top" serials. Such a ranked list provides librarians and researchers alike with the information necessary to help them make their biomedical informatics serial selection decisions based on objective, quantifiable data.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

On exemplary scientific conduct regarding submission of manuscripts to biomedical informatics journals.

As the Editors of leading international biomedical informatics journals, the authors report on a recent pattern of improper manuscript submissions to journals in our field. As a guide for future authors, we describe ethical and pragmatic issues related to submitting work for peer-reviewed journal publication. We propose a coordinated approach to the problem that our respective journals will follow. This Editorial is being jointly published in the following journals represented by the authors: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, International Journal of Medical Informatics, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, and Methods of Information in Medicine.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2006

Lipid mediator informatics and proteomics in inflammation resolution.

Lipid mediator informatics is an emerging area denoted to the identification of bioactive lipid mediators (LMs) and their biosynthetic profiles and pathways. LM informatics and proteomics applied to inflammation, systems tissues research provides a powerful means of uncovering key biomarkers for novel processes in health and disease. By incorporating them with system biology analysis, we review here our initial steps toward elucidating relationships among a range of bimolecular classes and provide an appreciation of their roles and activities in the pathophysiology of disease. LM informatics employing liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MS/MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), computer-based automated systems equipped with databases and novel searching algorithms, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate and profile temporal and spatial production of mediators combined with proteomics at defined points during experimental inflammation and its resolution enable us to identify novel mediators in resolution. The automated system including databases and searching algorithms is crucial for prompt and accurate analysis of these lipid mediators biosynthesized from precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosanoids, resolvins, and neuroprotectins, which play key roles in human physiology and many prevalent diseases, especially those related to inflammation. This review presents detailed protocols used in our lab for LM informatics and proteomics using LC-UV-MS/MS, GC-MS, ELISA, novel databases and searching algorithms, and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC-nanospray-MS/MS peptide mapping.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in students' knowledge, opinions, and experience regarding dental informatics and computer applications.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated knowledge, opinions, and experience regarding dental informatics and computers among first-year dental students (D1s) and fourth-year dental students (D4s). DESIGN: First-year (N = 95) and fourth-year (N = 91) students in 1990 and first-year (N = 97) and fourth-year (N = 91) students in 1993 at a school of dentistry were surveyed. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic characteristics and computer ownership were assessed. Knowledge was measured using an 18-item scale (range 0-18). Opinions were measured using a 13-item scale (range 13-65; alpha = 0.81). Experience was measured using a 28-item scale (range 28-140). RESULTS: Response rates were all nearly 100%. Computer ownership by the D1s increased from 17.9% to 43.8% in the three years between surveys. Knowledge and opinions of the 1990 and 1993 D1s were similar, although the latter reported more experience with hardware and software. Experience with dental informatics applications was lacking in both groups. The 1993 D4s had completed more computer courses than had the 1990 D4s (2.3 vs 0.9), and demonstrated significantly more knowledge and experience. Opinion scores were nearly identical for these groups. The D4s in 1993 who had been D1s in 1990 had increased their knowledge of and experience with informatics applications during dental school. A difference in computer knowledge between the entering D1 males and females was observed in 1990, but was essentially gone by 1993 for the same individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Entering students had more computing knowledge and skill than their predecessors. Informatics knowledge and experience increased during dental school, and knowledge disparities between genders disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Biomedical informatics methods in pharmacogenomics.

Pharmacogenomics is the study of the genetic basis of individual variation in response to therapeutic agents. Pharmacogenomics may potentially affect on every step of health care and every drug treatment protocol. The optimal approach to pharmacogenomics in hypertension requires the integration of different disciplines, in which biomedical informatics plays an essential role. This chapter describes biomedical informatics methods used in dealing with key issues in pharmacogenomics. These key issues include the association between structure and function, the interaction between gene and drug, and the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Heterogeneous resources, including web sites, databases, and software analysis tools, are selected, organized, and integrated in practical methods to support these studies. Bioinformatics methods described in this chapter include genetic sequence searching, comparison, structural modeling, functional analysis, and systems biology studies, with emphasis on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Medical informatics methods such as disease and drug information and clinical terminology are also embraced in this chapter. This combination of both biological and medical informatics provides comprehensive methodologies to resolve complex problems in pharmacogenomics.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1992

Integrating a nursing professional practice model and nursing informatics in a collective bargaining environment.

The integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model is congruent with the goals of a professional nursing union. Thus, the collective-bargaining unit can be a powerful ally to nursing management in achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics. This alliance is based on a shared vision of the nature of professional nursing practice and a common concern for the quality of working life and working environment of the professional nurse. This alliance can provide the basis for decision making about the type of nursing information system to be selected or developed for installation in a particular organization. Use of a participatory decision-making process will ensure that all nursing stakeholders are committed to the decision made and prepared to assist with the resolution of implementation issues as they arise. A harmonious alliance of nursing management and the nursing union ensures a partnership that will protect the clinical nursing caregiver and provide a unified voice for nursing within the organization to resist any attempt by other stakeholders to implement an information system that will not meet the needs of nursing. If nursing management and the collective bargaining unit share the concept of a professional model of nursing practice and view nursing informatics as a tool to assist the nursing staff to operationalize the professional model of nursing, then collaboration in resolving issues related to the implementation of nursing information systems will facilitate the process of achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model.

Collective Bargaining↗
PubMed2005

A current perspective on medical informatics and health sciences librarianship.

OBJECTIVE: The article offers a current perspective on medical informatics and health sciences librarianship. NARRATIVE: The authors: (1) discuss how definitions of medical informatics have changed in relation to health sciences librarianship and the broader domain of information science; (2) compare the missions of health sciences librarianship and health sciences informatics, reviewing the characteristics of both disciplines; (3) propose a new definition of health sciences informatics; (4) consider the research agendas of both disciplines and the possibility that they have merged; and (5) conclude with some comments about actions and roles for health sciences librarians to flourish in the biomedical information environment of today and tomorrow. SUMMARY: Boundaries are disappearing between the sources and types of and uses for health information managed by informaticians and librarians. Definitions of the professional domains of each have been impacted by these changes in information. Evolving definitions reflect the increasingly overlapping research agendas of both disciplines. Professionals in these disciplines are increasingly functioning collaboratively as "boundary spanners," incorporating human factors that unite technology with health care delivery.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Network-based informatics support of research collaborations in the Human Genome Project and the Human Brain Project.

Sophisticated network-based informatics support will increasingly be required for collaborating biomedical laboratories located in different geographic locations, both to accommodate the massive amount of data being generated in certain fields, and to allow different types of data produced at different laboratories to be analyzed in an integrated fashion. The paper describes the experience of the Yale Center for Medical Informatics in providing informatics support for collaborative projects in gene mapping (as part of the national Human Genome Project) and neuroscience (as part of the national Human Brain Project). The paper describes the informatics needs of the two projects and the solutions being developed, describes certain lessons learned, and discusses certain broader issues that arise.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1999

Medical informatics' promised land: are we there yet?

A decade ago, a "promised land" was envisioned in which the true potential of medical informatics would be realized. A decade later, it is time to assess academic medicine's progress in its journey into this medical informatics promised land. To that end, the author considers how our academic medical centers have been affected by changes in social, financial, and technical forces originating either "inside" or "outside" these institutions. He describes how the Internet and the World Wide Web have brought about an explosion in the availability of biomedical information, eased communication across the globe, made more information available at a lower cost, and changed the pace of everyday work. Although he argues that academic medical centers have not always kept pace with these changes, information systems are improving as the leaders in academic medicine come to appreciate the value of both information technology and the people who understand it. To reach the "promised land" envisioned a decade ago, academic medical centers must treat medical informatics as a central component of their academic mission.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Directions for clinical research and genomic research into the next decade: implications for informatics.

Medical informatics is defined largely by its host disciplines in clinical and biological medicine, and to project the agenda for informatics into the next decade, the health community must envision the broad context of biomedical research. This paper is a sketch of this vision, taking into account pressures from changes in the U.S. health care system, the need for more objective information on which to base health care decisions, and the accelerating progress and clinical impact of genomics research. The lessons of modern genomics research demonstrate the power of computing and communication tools to facilitate rapid progress through the adoption of open community standards for information exchange and collaboration. While aspects of this vision are speculative, it seems clear that the core agenda for informatics must be the development of interoperating systems that can facilitate the secure gathering, interchange, and analysis of high-quality information and can gain leverage from worldwide collaboration in advancing and applying new medical knowledge.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Science and practice: a case for medical informatics as a local science of design.

Because scientific research is guided by concerns for uncovering "fundamental truths," its time frame differs from that of design, development, and practice, which are driven by immediate needs for practical solutions. In medicine, however, as in other disciplines, basic scientists, developers, and practitioners are being called on increasingly to forge new alliances and work toward common goals. The authors propose that medical informatics be construed as a local science of design. A local science seeks to explain aspects of a domain rather than derive a set of unifying principles. Design is concerned with the creation, implementation, and adaptation of artifacts in a range of settings. The authors explore the implications of this point of view and endeavor to characterize the nature of informatics research, the relationship between theory and practice, and issues of scientific validity and generalizability. They argue for a more pluralistic approach to medical informatics in building a cumulative body of knowledge.

Computer Systems↗