[Study of intestinal parasitism in the Bordeaux region; report of 314 coprological examinations in patients with digestive intestinal disorders].
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Disease↗
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Scanning electron microscope observations on the digenean intestinal parasite Astiotrema reniferum (Plagiorchiidae).
The body surface of adult digenean intestinal parasite Astiotrema reinferum (Looss, 1898) Stossich, 1904 has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The posterior region of the body forms a slender stalk terminating with two ventrolateral lobes. The lobes are armed with numerous large spine that are sharply pointed and orientated in all directions. There are regional variations in the distribution of spines all-over the body. The spines are abundant on the general body surface of the head region, the rim of the oral sucker, the inner lip of the ventral sucker and on the posterior ventrolateral lobes. No spines were observed on the genital pore and on the excretory opening. The sensory papillae found on both the oral and ventral suckers are arranged in a bilateral symmetrical patterns. They are dome shaped but some of them possess a short knob-like process and others have no process. The papillae are more abundant on the oral sucker than on the ventral sucker. The possible functions of the spines and sensory papillae are discussed relative to their position.
Animals↗
Intestinal Parasite Survey Of Kyungpook National University Hospital Patients.
For seven years from 1962 to 1968, fecal specimens of the patients were examined not only for the discovery of intestinal protozoa and helminths, but also to provie data on the incidence of intestinal parasites among the residents of Kyungpook Province, Korea. The Formalin-ether sedimentation, Lugol solution, and Heidenhain's iron-hematoxylin stained films were prepared for the recovery of intestinal parasites. Of 2,414 samples of feces examined, 35.7 percent were found to be infected with one or more species of protozoa. Among six species of protozoa detected, Entamoeba coli was observed most frequently(15.3%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica (11.9%), and then the Enteromonas hominis least often(1 case). For the survey of helminth, of a total of 5,288 fecal specimens examined, 86.7 percent were positive for one or more species of helminths. Trichocephalus trichiurus revealed the highest infection rate (83.6%), while Trichostrongylus orientalis was next (61.6%), and Ascaris lumbricoides was unexpectedly low(40.9%). The incidence for hookworm and Clonorchis sinensis was 22.4 percent and 29.8 percent respectively. Triple infections were found more frequently than double infections, and mixed infections of six or more species of helminths were observed in 3.8 percent of specimens.
Journal Article↗
[Urticaria as a clinical manifestation of intestinal parasitism].
The main goal of this paper is to call the attention of general practitioners and internists on the different affections which may involve urticaria as a clinical manifestations. A differential diagnosis of the causes of urticaria with an allergic and a nonallergic pathogenesis is made. Intestinal parasitism is among the first causes of urticaria. Six cases studied at the allergy service which had been referred from health areas or other hospital services are reviewed and reported. In these patients, a total regression of the clinical picture was achieved once intestinal parasitism was eradicated.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of the distribution of intestinal parasites in the Uludag University Medical Faculty during a period of eight years.].
The purpose of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the distribution and prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients who presented at the routine parasitology laboratory of the Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, during the 8 years from January 1993-December 2000. A total of 32,346 stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites using native- Lugol and formol ethyl ether methods. Also, 10,897 cellophane- tape preparations were studied directly. Parasites were found in 8.14% of the samples. Of the patients, 46.32% were females and 53.68%, male. G. intestinalis (3.63%) and Enterobius vermicularis (3.41%) were the most prevalent parasites. The distribution of the parasites according the species was as follows: 115 (0.35%) Entamoeba histolytica and/or dispar, 73 (0.22%) Ascaris lumbricoides, 29 (0.089%) Taenia spp., 7 (%0.021) Dicrocoelium dentriticum, 6 (0.018%) Trichuris trichiura, 4 (0.012%) Hymenolepis nana, and 2 (0.006%) Strongyloides stercoralis. At least one parasite was seen in 96.47% of samples. Two parasites were found in 3.53% of the stool specimens,. The results of our study were similar to the rates of the Marmara Region. Our laboratory findings were found to be lower than previous laboratory findings.
English Abstract↗
Evaluation of potassium hydroxide for wet mount preparation of stool for detection of intestinal parasites.
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is widely used in the wet mount preparation of various clinical specimens for demonstration of fungi and fungal elements. In the present study we have evaluated the use of KOH in the wet mount preparation of fresh stool specimens for the demonstration of intestinal parasites. The KOH wet mount of stool was compared with saline, iodine and lacto-phenol cotton blue (LPCB) wet mount preparations of stool. A total of 855 fresh stool specimens were examined in the study of which 419 specimens were found to be positive for either trophozoites, cysts, ova or larvae of different parasites by all these methods. A total of 309 stool specimens were positive by KOH preparation of stool, while 289, 245 and 208 stool specimens were positive by LPCB, iodine and saline preparations respectively. The KOH was found to be effective in lysing the faecal debris, faecal mass and other artifacts without affecting many of the parasitic ova, cysts and larvae in the stool smears. The parasitic ova, cysts and larvae were impacted by the use of 10% KOH and could be easily visualized, detected and identified against a clear background in the stool smear I hr after preparation of KOH wet mount. From these findings we recommend the routine use of KOH wet mount of stool for demonstration of intestinal parasites in a parasitology laboratory.
Animals↗
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in rural areas of district Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
A stool survey was carried out in some of the villages of Dadraul and Bhawal Khera PHC's of district Shahjahanpur (Uttar Pradesh). Out of 381 individuals examined 111 (29.2 per cent) were found positive for one or the other intestinal parasite. Ascaris lumbricoides superseded all the parasites by showing a positivity of 17.85 percent. Other parasites found were Hookworm, Hymenolepis nana, Tapeworm, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Entamoeba histolytica, E. coli and Giardia lamblia. Parasitic load was slightly higher in females (33.59 per cent) than males (28.18 per cent). The highest positivity was encountered in the age groups between 6 to 14 years. This high prevalence of intestinal parasites may be due to the lack of awareness about personal cleanliness and hygiene and illiteracy among rural women. Majority of them had helminthic infections. It is concluded that in rural areas of district Shahjahanpur intestinal helminthic infections are more prevalent that protozoan infections.
Adolescent↗
Pathogenic intestinal parasites and bacterial agents in solid wastes.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the profile of potentially pathogenic enteric parasites and bacterial agents in municipal refuse dumps in Ibadan, Nigeria. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Five major market places refuse dumps in Ibadan municipality, Nigeria. METHODS: The major market places in Ibadan city were randomly selected by lottery method. The refuse sludge were sampled and examined parasitologically and bacteriologically using the methods as described. Data analysis was done by using chi-square test where applicable. RESULTS: Cases of multiple intestinal parasites and bacterial agents were commonly encountered in the sludge refuse samples. The commonly found parasitic agents were of both human and veterinary importance. These include Ascaris Lumbricoides (9.3 egp), Entamoeba histolytica (8.07 cyst per gram), Hookworm/strongyle (6.27 egp) and Ascaris suum (1.07 egp). Others were Ascaris vitolorum (1.09 epg), Strongyloides papillosu (0.52 larvae per gram.), Schistosoma suis (0.31 epg) Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.9 egp). The most commonly found bacterial agents were Klebsiella species, Escherichia Coli, Proteus species, streptococci, and other gram-positive organisms. Climatic conditions affected the distribution of both parasites and bacterial agents in the sludge (P<0.001). More intestinal parasites 2423 (53.4%) and bacterial agents 2150 (27.2%) were encountered at mean air temperature 26.1 +/- 0.6, mean relative humidity of 72 +/- 3.5%. The degree of contamination by market locations varies significantly (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: A high degree of contamination of solid waste dumpsites with bacterial and parasitic agents was observed in the present study. As a result of the public health importance of the organisms isolated it is opined that well planned waste management and health education programs will go a long way to reduce the potential epidemic risks posed by such sites in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Animals↗
Impact of intestinal parasites on digestive function in humans.
In humans as well as in animals, intestinal parasites can affect key stages of alimentation, digestion, and absorption. Selected examples of the effects of parasitic infection on food intake, intestinal propulsion and motility, organ function, epithelial structure and function, and intestinal circulation are presented. Malabsorption and nutrient loss can result from many of these common infections. Additional data are needed to determine the extent to which alterations in gastrointestinal structure and function vs. effects on appetite mediate the effects of parasites on host nutrition in humans.
Anorexia↗
Improvements in cognitive performance for schoolchildren in Zaire, Africa, following an iron supplement and treatment for intestinal parasites.
Tested 47 first-year primary school children at a mission school in rural Zaire for cognitive ability with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) adopted to the language of Kituba. Within a day of this test, each child was evaluated for blood hemoglobin (Hgb) level and the presence of intestinal parasites. Half of the children received an iron supplement (20 mg Fe) for 30 days and those children positive for the intestinal parasites of ankylostome or ascaris were randomly selected to receive either a vermifuge treatment or placebo. All of the children were again evaluated medically and cognitively 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Using discriminant analysis, performance on the Mental Processing Composite of the K-ABC 1 month after treatment in combination with increases in blood Hgb resulted in the successful classification of 74% in terms whether a child had received both iron supplement and vermifuge treatment (p = .007). With respect to our home evaluation for each child, factors related to the nutritional and economic well-being of the home environment proved a reliable marker for Simultaneous Processing ability. However, the present findings also suggest that over the short-term, changes in blood Hgb that accompany both vermifuge and iron supplement treatment together can improve certain aspects of cognitive ability, perhaps by means of heightened attentional capacity.
Anemia, Hypochromic↗
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Cuban acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.
A coproparasitological study was carried out on 67 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients admitted at the Institute of Tropical Medicine 'Pedro Kouri'. The results were compared with 136 HIV-seronegative patients (control group) who were also hospitalised in the same period. In both groups monoparasitism was more prevalent than polyparasitism and intestinal protozoa were more prevalent than helminths. At least one intestinal parasite was found in 34 (51%) of the 67 AIDS patients and in 65 (48%) of the control group patients. Intestinal coccidia were only detected in AIDS patients; Cryptosporidium spp. was the most prevalent, with eight cases (11.9%), followed by Cyclospora cayetanensis with two cases (3.0%) and Isospora belli in one case (1.5%). The microsporidia Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were not detected. With regard to the prevalence of other pathogenic intestinal parasites in AIDS patients and the control group, no differences were found.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Comparison of the direct faecal smear and two thick smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections.
Among 547 health centre patients in Burundi, the diagnostic performance of a glass coverslip modification of the Kato thick smear technique was compared with the combination of direct slide examination and the quick Kato-Katz method, currently recommended in basic health services, for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. The classical Kato-Katz method performed best for the diagnosis of common helminth infections, especially in combination with direct examination. For the diagnosis of protozoa, both trophozoites and cysts, the direct slide examination was superior to the glass coverslip technique. Despite its being a single and easy procedure, the glass coverslip technique could not be recommended as the method of choice for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in basic health services.
Feces↗
[Prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites in north Lebanon: 1997-2001].
We determined the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the north of Lebanon between 1997 and 2001. We analysed the parasitology records of 17126 patients and evidence of parasitic infections was found in 5 713 (33.35%) cases. There was no significant difference in prevalence for males or females for any of the parasites. The most prevalent parasites were Entamoeba coli (38.45%), Ascaris lumbricoides (37.14%), Giardia lamblia (15.39%), Ent. histolytica (4.57%) and Taenia sp. (3.3%). A comparison between our data and results of previous studies in Lebanon in 1937, 1939, 1956, 1967 and 1993 showed an increase in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides and G. lamblia in the period 1997-2001, with less marked changes in the prevalence of the other parasites.
Animals↗
Intestinal parasitism--protozoa and helminths--in primates at the Barcelona Zoo.
The faunistic results regarding intestinal parasitism by protozoa and helminths in 21 primate species (three Cebidae, thirteen Cercopithecidae, one Hylobatidae, one Lemuridae, three Pongidae) are reported. The primate species were housed in four separate galleries. Six faecal samples of each host species were subjected to coprological analysis. Fifteen parasite species were detected: 11 protozoa (Entamoeba coli, E. chattoni, E. hartmanni, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Endolimax nana, Giardia intestinalis, Chilomastix mesnilii, Enteromonas hominis, Trichomonas intestinalis, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis hominis) and 4 helminths (Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides sp., and Trichuris trichiura). The results reveal certain parasitic similarities between host species housed in the same gallery; however, these primate species do not always carry identical parasite species.
Animals↗
Effect of intestinal parasite treatment on the efficacy of oral iodized oil for correcting iodine deficiency in schoolchildren.
Oral supplementation with iodized oil for correction of iodine deficiency in a population has advantages over intramuscular injection but the duration of effect is shorter. The relation of intestinal parasite treatment and efficacy of oral iodized oil was examined in an intervention study in 8-10-y-old schoolchildren in Malawi. Severely iodine-deficient schoolchildren with a single parasitic infestation of Ascaris lumbricoides (n = 44), hookworm (n = 42), or Entamoeba histolytica (n = 24) were randomly allocated to receive or not receive treatment before taking a 1-mL oral supplement (490 mg I) of iodized ethyl esters from poppy seed oil. The urinary iodine concentration was measured at various time points after supplementation to define the time intervals before urinary iodine concentrations returned to 0.40 mumol/L, indicating moderate iodine deficiency. Treatment with metronidazole for E. histolytica increased the protection period from 2.0 to 21.0 wk (P < 0.05). For all untreated children together, the duration of effect was 9.2 wk shorter (P < 0.001) than that for their treated peers (16.8 wk). We conclude that intestinal parasitic infestations reduce the efficacy of oral supplementation with iodized ethyl esters by interfering with absorption.
Administration, Oral↗
Zoonotic intestinal parasites in Papio anubis (baboon) and Cercopithecus aethiops (vervet) from four localities in Ethiopia.
A total of 59 faecal samples from ranging Papio anubis (baboons) and another 41 from Cercopithecus aethiops (vervet) from the Rift Valley areas of Ethiopia were microscopically examined to determine the prevalence and species of major gastro-intestinal parasites of zoonotic importance. Faecal smears were prepared from fresh faecal samples, stained using modified Ziehl-Neelsen method and microscopically examined. About 3 gm of the dropping was also preserved separately in clean and properly labelled containers containing 10% formalin. The specimens were microscopically examined after formalin-ether concentration for ova, larvae, cysts and oocyst of intestinal parasites. The results of microscopic examination of faecal samples of baboons demonstrated the presence of Trichuris sp. (27.1%), Strongyloides sp. (37.3%), Trichostrongylus sp. (8.5%), Oesophagostomum sp. (10.2%), Schistosoma mansoni (20.3%), Entamoeba coli (83.1%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (16.9%), Blastocystis hominis (3.3%), Cyclospora sp. (13.3%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (11.9%). Likewise, the results of microscopic examination of faecal samples of vervets demonstrated the presence of Trichuris sp. (36.6%), Oesophagostomum sp. (4.9%), E. coli (61.0%), E. histolytica/dispar (24.4%), B. hominis (34.2%), Cyclospora sp. (22.0%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (29.3%). The presence of parasitic protozoa and helminths in baboons and vervets in the study areas is a high risk to human welfare because these non-human primates use the same water sources as humans and range freely in human habitats. An implication of such parasitic infection for the control programme is discussed.
Animals↗
Intestinal parasitic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative individuals in San Pedro Sula, Honduras.
Honduras has at least five-times more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals than any other country in Central America. The relationship between HIV status and the presence of intestinal parasites in this part of the world is unknown. This study presents the results from a prospective, comparative study for the presence of parasites in 52 HIV-positive and 48 HIV-negative persons in San Pedro Sula, Honduras. Infection with HIV was determined by microagglutination and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Parasites were detected in stools using formalin-ether concentration, and Kinyoun and trichrome staining. Age, sex, and clinical state of HIV infection were recorded for each study participant. Our results indicate that Cryptosporidium parvum and Strongyloides stercoralis, which are intracellular or live in the mucosa, were found exclusively in persons infected with HIV. In comparison, the prevalence of the extracellular parasites Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in persons who were HIV-negative. Trichuris worms are in contact with the gut epithelium and less so with the mucosa, whereas Strongyloides lives within the gut mucosa. It is possible that changes in the gut epithelium due to HIV infection do not affect the mucosa and therefore would not affect Strongyloides. We conclude that infection with HIV may selectively deter the establishment of certain intestinal parasites. This may be due to the fact that HIV-induced enteropathy does not favor the establishment of extracellular parasites. Intracellular and mucosal dwelling organisms, however, may benefit from pathologic changes and reduced local immune responses induced by the virus, which, in turn, may lead to higher prevalence among HIV-infected individuals.
Adolescent↗
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats from the London area.
The prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats from the London area was surveyed over an 18-month period by microscopic examination of faecal samples. Of the 947 cats examined 11.5 per cent were infected with Toxocara cati, 1.9 per cent with Isospora felis, 1.2 per cent with Dipylidium caninum, 1.2 per cent with Taenia taeniaeformis, 0.8 per cent with I rivolta and 0.2 per cent with Toxascaris leonina.
Animals↗