Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INSEMINATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Reproductive response of progestogen-treated sheep in confinement to a single and double insemination.

The reproductive responses to one and two inseminations of fresh extended semen were compared in crossbred sheep housed in confinement. In three trials, ewes in progestogen-induced estrus were inseminated 54 to 56 h after sponge removal. Half the ewes received a second insemination 4 or 5 h later. Resultant fertility, litter size and embryonic mortality indicated no advantage to a double insemination. Conception rates to one and two inseminations according to d 18 plasma progesterone levels were 66 and 63%, 85 and 86% and 74 and 80% in trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Corresponding lambing rates were 55 and 56%, 73 and 69% and 67 and 76%. Mean litter sizes were 2.1 and 2.5, while embryonic mortality after the first 2 wk of pregnancy was estimated at 13% for both groups. Single inseminations therefore simplify artificial insemination and double the number of ewes that can be inseminated/ejaculate.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of presynchronization and bovine somatotropin on pregnancy rates to a timed artificial insemination protocol in lactating dairy cows.

The objective was to examine the effects of presynchronization and bovine somatotropin (bST) on pregnancy rates to a timed artificial insemination protocol in lactating dairy cows. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 543) were assigned randomly in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment in which cows received a presynchronization treatment or not, and were treated with bST (500 mg) at 63 +/- 3, 73 +/- 3, or 147 +/- 3 d postpartum. The latter group was used as a control. Presynchronization treatment consisted of two injections of PGF2alpha (25 mg) given 14 d apart, with the second injection of PGF2alpha being administered 12 d before initiation of the timed artificial insemination protocol. All cows received GnRH (100 microg) at 63 +/- 3 d postpartum, an injection of PGF2alpha (40 mg) 7 d later, a GnRH injection at 48 h after PGF2alpha and were inseminated 16 to 20 h later. Cows were resynchronized if determined to be nonpregnant at ultrasonography at 32 d after insemination with a GnRH injection (100 microg), an injection of PGF2alpha (40 mg) 7 d later, and a GnRH injection at 48 h after PGF2alpha and were inseminated 16 to 20 h later. Cows were examined for pregnancy at 32 d and reexamined at 74 d after insemination. No differences in pregnancy rates were observed between cows receiving bST treatment at 63 +/- 3 d postpartum or at 73 +/- 3 d postpartum. An interaction between presynchronization and bST treatment indicated that pregnancy rates were increased for cows treated with bST when cows were presynchronized. When anestrous cows were excluded from the analyses, both an effect of bST and of presynchronization were observed, indicating that bST increased pregnancy rates regardless of presynchronization treatment and that presynchronization also increased pregnancy rates independently of bST treatment. Presynchronization and bST treatment may be used to increase first-service pregnancy rates to a timed artificial insemination protocol.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of repeated inseminations with egg yolk semen extender on fertility in cattle.

Experiments were designed to determine if repeated inseminations of egg yolk diluent containing no semen would induce antibodies against egg yolk and would have an adverse effect on subsequent fertility under routine conditions of artificial insemination. Extender containing antibiotics polymyxin, dihydrostreptomycin, and penicillin and the enzyme beta amylase, with or without hen's egg yolk, was inseminated three to four times into virgin dairy heifers. The heifers subsequently were bred with bovine semen suspended in the extender containing egg yolk. Antibodies against antigens in the egg yolk extenders were not detected by complement fixation and agar gel immuno-diffusion, either in blood serum or in whole and homogenized cervical mucus taken before and after the repeat inseminations. Allergic reactions to the semen extender were not observed in any of the heifers. Calving rate from one service was 63.6% (7/11) for controls, 68.2% (15/22) after prior inseminations with egg yolk extender, and 69.2% (9/13) after prior inseminations with extender minus egg yolk. Under routine conditions of artificial insemination three to four exposures to extenders with or without egg yolk did not affect subsequent fertility adversely.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of uterine body and bilateral uterine horn insemination techniques.

Uterine body and bilateral horn insemination techniques were compared in 364 Jersey cows and 138 heifers by two inseminators. For horn inseminations, approximately one-half of the semen was placed in left uterine horn just prior to the point of resistance. The remainder of semen was then placed in the right uterine horn just prior to the point of resistance. Animals were inseminated in the uterine body on even days of the month throughout the study. On odd days of the month, animals were inseminated in both uterine horns. A total of 62.9% of 286 animals inseminated in the uterine body were pregnant versus 54.2% of 216 animals inseminated in both uterine horns. Differences were greater for cows than for heifers and at first and second services than at third or greater services. These results favor current recommended techniques to deposit semen into the uterine body correctly.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Accessory sperm numbers for cattle inseminated with protamine sulfate microcapsules.

A study utilizing two morphologically distinct sperm populations in a heterospermic trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation on accessory sperm number in artificially inseminated cattle. Inseminates consisted of an equal number (100 x 10(6) of morphologically normal and tapered sperm. In reciprocal inseminates, one of the two sperm types was encapsulated in protamine sulfate microcapsules, and the other type was unencapsulated. Insemination of both sperm types that were unencapsulated served as the control. Thirty-one embryos were nonsurgically recovered 6 d postinsemination, and accessory sperm within the zona pellucida were counted and morphologically classified as normal or tapered. Microencapsulated sperm contributed 25.7% of the accessory sperm obtained for inseminates containing microcapsules. Microencapsulation did not affect the total number of accessory sperm per embryo; however, encapsulation did reduce accessory sperm for the specific sperm type encapsulated. The proportion of morphologically normal to total accessory sperm recovered were 65.8% when both sperm types were unencapsulated, 35.4% when normal sperm were encapsulated, and 80.6% when the tapered sperm were encapsulated. High accessory sperm numbers per embryo were related to embryo quality (P less than .01). Mean accessory sperm and standard deviations for degenerate embryos and for embryos classified fair to poor, good, and excellent were 1.7 +/- 2.9, 11.1 +/- 8.6 24.9 +/- 33.9, and 84.3 +/- 58.3. We conclude that sperm inseminated in protamine sulfate microcapsules can be released and can attach to the zona pelucida of ova in vivo. Microencapsulation failed to increase accessory sperm numbers under conditions of this experiment in which insemination was 12 h after estrus was first detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of time of day of insemination and the position of the egg in the oviduct on the fertility of turkeys.

Turkeys were inseminated at six different times of the day (1:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m., 5:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., and 12:00 a.m.) to determine the effect of time of day of insemination and the stage of egg formation on fertility. Significantly (P less than .01) lower fertility resulted from insemination at 1:00 p.m. than from inseminations thereafter. Significantly higher fertility resulted from 9:00 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. insemination than from preceding times. Highest fertility resulted when inseminations were performed 8 to 18 hours prior to oviposition whereas lowest fertility resulted from hens inseminated both in the last seven hours of shell deposition and during the approximate time of ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Sperm storage and transport following natural mating and artificial insemination.

Recent observations in turkey and chicken hens show that sperm storage in both species is a highly inefficient process. After artificial insemination (AI), less than 1% of spermatozoa inseminated are selected for transport to and enter the sperm storage tubules (SST). It has been shown that the sperm selection process is orchestrated within the vagina and not at the level of the SST. At least two mechanisms are involved in the selection of spermatozoa fit for sperm storage, one being mechanical (motility) and the other biochemical in nature (sperm-vaginal mucosa interactions). Furthermore, it was also observed that the sperm storage efficiency in the chicken is dependent upon the logarithm of the number of spermatozoa inseminated. From a practical standpoint, inseminations performed frequently with a moderate number of spermatozoa should be more efficient than inseminations performed with higher doses at longer intervals. Maximal filling of the SST of hens in egg production requires only 1 day for the chicken and 2 days for the turkey. By contrast, the release of sperm from the SST is about seven times faster in the chicken than the turkey hen. The efficiency of oviducal sperm storage is related to a number of factors including age of the hen, stage of the ovulatory cycle when inseminated, and, in the turkey, if the hen was inseminated before or after the onset of egg production. Two different categories should be considered among factors that affect sperm survival in vivo. 1) Factors affecting sperm storage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fertility and its relationship to motility characteristics of spermatozoa in ewes after cervical, transcervical, and intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed ram semen.

The fertility of ewes after artificial insemination and the relationship between fertility and motility characteristics assessed by a computerized motility analysis system were examined with ram semen frozen in diluents reported to improve postthaw motility. The percentages of motile and progressive spermatozoa were better when frozen in proline- or glycine betaine-containing or HEPES-based, rather than Tris-based, diluents (P < 0.01). The fertility of spermatozoa frozen in diluents containing proline or glycine betaine was slightly reduced, whereas when both compatible solutes were present, the reduction was more pronounced, in comparison with semen frozen in Tris- or HEPES-based diluents (9.5 versus 71.1 and 66.6%; P < 0.01). Fertility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was higher after laparoscopic insemination than after cervical or transcervical insemination (P < 0.01). Similarly, higher fertility was obtained after cervical insemination with fresh than with frozen-thawed semen (32.4 versus 11.3%; P < 0.01). Furthermore, loss of embryos was lower after laparoscopic insemination of ewes with semen frozen in a Tris diluent than with semen frozen in proline diluents, in glycine betaine diluents, or in proline-plus-glycine betaine diluents (0.0 versus 26.0, 38.5, and 60.0%; P < 0.001). A wide variation in the postthaw percentage of motile (31.6-59.7%) and progressive (22.6-43.1%) spermatozoa and in the fertility of spermatozoa from individual rams was also observed after laparoscopic (29.2-59.7%) or cervical insemination (8.7-30.5%). Postthaw motility results from immediately after thawing and fertility results from experiments where intrauterine insemination was performed with semen frozen in proline- or glycine betaine-containing or HEPES- or Tris-based diluents were pooled and subjected to a pairwise correlation procedure. The correlation analysis showed relationships between some of the motility characteristics (P < 0.01), but there were no relationships between the motility characteristics and fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Varicocelectomy improves intrauterine insemination success rates in men with varicocele.

PURPOSE: We determined whether varicocele treatment before intrauterine insemination significantly affects intrauterine insemination success rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 infertile couples, of whom the women had normal evaluations and men had abnormal semen analyses and a history of varicocele, were included in this study. They were identified after reviewing the charts of all women undergoing intrauterine insemination for male factor infertility at our center. Of the men 24 participated in 63 intrauterine insemination cycles without varicocele treatment, while in the remaining 34 varicocele was treated before a total of 101 intrauterine insemination cycles. Variables associated with pregnancy or live birth were analyzed using repeat measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equation techniques. An initial stepwise generalized estimating equation was performed without including varicocele treatment status. Subsequently varicocele treatment status and the significant associated factors were included in analysis. The semen characteristics of untreated and treated varicocele groups were compared with repeat measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: On pre-wash semen analysis patients with untreated varicocele had significantly higher mean motility plus or minus standard error than patients whose varicoceles were treated (48.6% +/- 2.3% versus 38.1% +/- 1.8%, p = 0.02). However, no statistically significant difference was noted in the mean post-wash total motile sperm count in the treated and untreated groups (7.2 +/- 1.0 versus 14.8 +/- 2.6, p = 0.1). Despite these findings the pregnancy and live birth rates per cycle were significantly higher in patients in whom varicocele was treated than in those without varicocele treatment (11.8% versus 6.3%, p = 0.04 and 11.8% versus 1.6%, p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Varicocele treatment may not improve semen characteristics in all men but it appears to improve pregnancy and live birth rates among couples undergoing intrauterine insemination for male factor infertility. A functional factor not measured on routine semen analysis may affect pregnancy rates in this setting. Men should be screened for varicocele before intrauterine insemination is initiated for male factor infertility.

Female↗
PubMed2001

An in situ hybridization study of the effects of artificial insemination on the localization of cells expressing MHC class II mRNA in the chicken oviduct.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of artificial insemination on the localization of antigen-presenting cells expressing MHC class II mRNA in chicken oviducts. Laying hens (35 weeks old) were inseminated with fresh semen or sham-inseminated with saline daily for 3 days. In situ hybridization was performed to detect chicken MHC class II (B-LB21 major gene) mRNA on frozen sections of oviductal infundibulum, uterovaginal junction and vagina by using digoxigenin-labelled PCR probes. Cells expressing MHC class II were observed mainly in the oviductal mucosal stroma and occasionally in the mucosal epithelium. After 24 h, the population of cells expressing MHC class II in the infundibulum was significantly higher in laying hens inseminated with fresh semen than in the control hens sham-inseminated with saline (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the population of cells expressing MHC class II in the uterovaginal junction and vagina between the artificially inseminated and control hens. These results indicate that anti-sperm immune responses, including the influx of cells expressing MHC class II and enhanced MHC class II mRNA expression, probably occur in the infundibulum after artificial insemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Intrauterine insemination with "washed" sperm].

The authors have been performing intrauterine insemination with the washed sperm of the husband since 1986. Previous to the intervention husband and wife went through a very thorough infertility examination according to the principles of the WHO. The cycle of women given intrauterine insemination was monitored. The maximum value of estradiol was measured on the 12th and 13th day of the cycle and the maximum mean value of the follicles on the 13th-14th day. In cases of ovulation the mean value of serum progesterone was found to rise on the 14th-15th day of the cycle. The semen was washed and concentrated, different protein components and bacteria were eliminated and the fraction with good motility was used for insemination. Intrauterine insemination with washed human sperm was carried out with 2 groups of patients. In the series studied the authors induced with intrauterine insemination 24 pregnancies in 100 infertile marriages. Intrauterine insemination was found to be successful if the infertility was caused by the hostility or poor quality of the cervix mucus. The treatment may be successful also in cases with slighter alteration of the spermiogram, whereas no results can be expected from intrauterine insemination with spermiograms displaying more serious alteration.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1994

[Remarks on artificial intrauterine insemination of women with abnormal semen].

Despite of the great deal of publications on artificial insemination the real effectiveness of the procedure is not clearly estimated so far. This is why in the presented paper authors tried to evaluate the effectiveness of the artificial intrauterine insemination with the abnormal sperm which was laboratory classified as oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. The sperm which was prepared to the insemination according to the technic enabling to select only the population of the motile spermatozoa. The women were inseminated after the proper hormonal preparation and ultrasound monitoring of ovulation. 153 intrauterine inseminations were performed in 17 women. There was no case where the insemination was performed longer than during 6 consecutive cycles. There was no pregnancy obtained. The authors come to the conclusion that the intrauterine insemination with the abnormal semen of oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia type prepared in accordance with the used in the study technic is not an effective way of treating the infertile couple.

Female↗
PubMed1993

A prospective randomized trial of artificial insemination versus intercourse in cycles stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropin or clomiphene citrate.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI), direct intraperitoneal insemination, and intercourse in cycles stimulated with clomiphene citrate (CC) or human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). DESIGN: A prospective randomized trial with a 2(3) factorial design with eight different treatment alternatives. Only one cycle per couple was performed. SETTINGS: The Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Västerås and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. PATIENTS: Of 157 randomized couples with unexplained infertility including 51 cases with minimal or mild endometriosis, 148 were selected for comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pregnancy rate (PR). RESULTS: Follicular stimulation with hMG gave a higher PR than with CC in the insemination cycles, 19% (10/52) and 4% (2/49), respectively, but the PRs in intercourse cycles were not significantly different for hMG and CC, 13% (3/24) and 17% (4/23), respectively. Insemination cycles and intercourse cycles had a similar overall PR, 12% (12/101) and 13% (7/47), respectively. Furthermore, IUI and direct intraperitoneal insemination did not differ in efficacy. CONCLUSION: Follicular stimulation with hMG is more effective than CC in insemination cycles, but insemination as such seems to have no beneficial effect on the PR in stimulated cycles for treatment of unexplained infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Consequences of variation in interval from insemination to ovulation on fertilization in pigs.

This review describes effects of variation in the interval between insemination and ovulation on the fertilization process in the sow. Inseminations performed too early or too late relative to ovulation decrease litter size and especially farrowing rate. This effect can be explained to a large extent by the increase in the percentage of non-fertilized eggs, resulting in partial fertilization or no fertilization at all. No effects of variation in the interval from insemination to ovulation are found on the percentage of degenerate embryos. Only moderate effects are found on mean embryonic development and variation in embryonic development at day 5 after insemination. In general, insemination between 0 and 24 h before ovulation gives good fertilization results. Factors influencing the optimal interval from insemination to ovulation, such as number of sperm cells used for insemination, storage time of liquid semen and use of frozen semen, and sow factors such as parity and breed are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Therapeutic insemination.

Except in special circumstances, therapeutic insemination with a husband's sample has a low success rate. Couples in whom oligozoospermia has been identified as the principal cause of infertility do not benefit from therapeutic insemination by husband. Because of this low success rate, intrauterine insemination to provide sperm in closer proximity to the egg has become popular, but intrauterine insemination also has a low success rate. We suggest that intrauterine insemination should be approached aggressively in cases of male factor infertility. The recipient should be stimulated to enhance egg production and closely monitored for ovulation. A semen specimen of not less than 1 X 10(6) motile sperm with antibiotics added should be placed in the uterus the day after ovulation. If no pregnancies occur within four cycles, alternate approaches should be considered. Therapeutic insemination by donor involves careful donor selection to avoid inheritance of malformations and familial diseases. Because of the possibilities of sexually transmitted diseases, careful and repeated screening should be conducted. A complete sexual history should be obtained, and donors should be excluded if they have had any homosexual contact since 1978, if they have been an intravenous drug user, if they come from a geographic area where the sex ratio of AIDS is close to 1:1, or if they have recently had multiple sexual partners. A permanent record preserving the confidentiality but allowing the tracing of genetic anomalies, even if not present at birth, should be kept.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1987

Homospermic versus heterospermic insemination of zona-free hamster eggs to assess fertility of fluorochrome-labeled acrosome-reacted bull spermatozoa.

Fresh spermatozoa from six bulls, with fertility ranging from 64% to 78%, (based upon 59-day nonreturn rates for 159,448 cows inseminated) were mixed with zona-free hamster eggs in 15 heterospermic pair inseminations. Five of the bulls were used in homospermic insemination studies. Prior to incubation, spermatozoa from each bull were labeled with contrasting fluorescent stains pretested for effects on spermatozoa. Equal numbers of spermatozoa were mixed and treated with liposomes of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine to induce the acrosome reaction. Spermatozoa from split ejaculates within a male competed against each other equally in the hamster egg test, indicating that the staining procedure did not affect egg penetration rates. Bulls differed in their egg penetration rates when their sperm were inseminated either homospermically or heterospermically, but the differences in the homospermic inseminations were not significantly correlated with sire fertility. The number and percentage of sperm which penetrated eggs, and the number of eggs penetrated in the heterospermic competitive tests were highly correlated with fertility (r greater than or equal to 0.86). Therefore, egg penetration rates from heterospermic inseminations appear to be valuable indicators of fertility and much more sensitive predictors than results from homospermic inseminations.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1986

Repeated insemination in Michigan Holstein-Friesian cattle: Incidence, descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic impact.

Twenty-two Michigan dairy herds participating in a computerized herd-health program were studied to determine the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of repeat-breeder syndrome. A cow with repeat-breeder syndrome was defined as having been inseminated three or more times within the same lactation. Repeat-breeder syndrome was observed in 24% of 3,309 lactations. Cost components associated with unsuccessful inseminations included costs of delayed conception, extra inseminations, extra veterinary service and losses due to culling. Lactations with repeat-breeder syndrome were associated with a loss of approximately $385. An estimated extra cost of $140 was associated with a second insemination, $279 with three inseminations, $429 with four inseminations and $612 with five inseminations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Laparoscopic intrauterine insemination in the bitch.

A technique for laparoscopic intrauterine insemination in bitches is described. During natural estrus, 5 beagle bitches were inseminated and S others were naturally mated (control group) twice at a 48-h interval on Days 3 and S (n = 4) or Days 4 and 6 (n = 6) after the increase in plasma progesterone considered to be indicative of the day of the preovulatory LH peak. All the inseminations were with fresh semen and under general anesthesia. The technique involved the introductions of 1) a Verres needle to insufflate the abdominal cavity by direct punction on the middle line 1 cm over the umbilicus, 2) a laparoscope to visualize the abdominal cavity by a 1 cm puncture on the middle line 1 cm under the umbilicus, 3) a forceps used to manipulate the uterus by a 0.5 cm puncture at 2 to 3 cm lateral to the mammary glands, and 4) an 18-g catheter used to puncture the uterus on the middle line between the 3rd and 5th mammary gland. The uterine body was grasped by the forceps and elevated against the ventral abdominal wall. The 18-g catheter was then inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the uterine lumen, and 1.0 ml of fresh semen containing 250 to 480 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml was injected. The inseminations resulted in pregnancies in all animals. Litter size was similar in the artificially inseminated and naturally mated bitches (5 +/- 1.8 and 4.8 +/- 1.6 pups per litter, respectively). Bitches in the artificially inseminated group delivered at 65.2 +/- 0.8 d and in the natural mated group at 65.4 +/- 0.5 d after the LH peak. In conclusion, this paper gives the first results of intrauterine laparoscopic insemination in bitches, indicating interesting perspectives for this technique in dog's reproduction.

Journal Article↗