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[Complex assessment of iatrogenic diseases].

Examination of data from 1042 autopsies and case records enabled the authors to schematically systematize iatrogenies and to divide them into 6 types: Group I iatrogenies, true iatrogenies, minus-signed iatrogenies, iatrogenic episodes, background and concurrent iatrogenies. They also singled out outpatient, emergency, and inhospital iatrogenies; preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic ones; fatal and non-fatal; operational, medicamentous, bioptic, etc.; according to the specialization, the author distinguished surgical, therapeutic, psychiatric, organizational, etc. iatrogenies. Iatrogeny was proposed as a criterion for assessing the activities of medical workers and health services.

Autopsy↗

[Sinus mucoceles and surgery in iatrogenic diseases].

The increasing number of mucocele cases treated by the authors during the past ten years coincide with the expansion of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the iatrogenic characteristics of this surgery by analysing the locations, time of development and the potential pathogenic factors of sinus mucoceles. Forty-two sinus mucoceles were operated in our department. These mucoceles were most frequently found in the anterior ethmoido-frontal system. Eleven patients had a history of endonasal ethmoidectomy mainly due to nasal polyposis. The time of mucocele formation after initial FESS (< 22 months) seems to be shorter than after exonasal sinus surgery or trauma (< 10 years). Endoscopic and CT-scan revealed different types of sinus obstruction findings: nasofrontal duct occlusion due to a fibrosis and osteogenic scar tissue process, or anterior ethmoid synechia in the case of ethmoido-frontal sinus mucocele, uncinate process fragment or scar tissue duct occlusion as far as maxillary sinus mucocele were concerned. We conclude that there seems to be a correlation between the expansion of FESS and the increasing number of mucocele cases. However, in this context it has to taken into consideration, that our department treats a considerable number of sinus pathology. Anterior ethmoid seems to be a favourable area for sinus mucocele formation. In order to prevent mucocele, it is essential to carry out FESS with great precaution. If endonasal surgery is performed, particularly in the anterior ethmoid, a close endoscopic follow-up, completed by radiological examinations, where necessary, must be ensured.

Adolescent↗

Hospital admissions caused by iatrogenic disease.

Complications of medical therapy requiring hospitalization affect the costs and quality of medical care. We studied all admissions to the medical services of a public teaching hospital to characterize current incidence and cause of iatrogenic admissions. We studied 834 admissions resulting in 47 distinct iatrogenic events and 45 iatrogenic admissions (5.4%). Thirty-five cases were caused by medications, nine by procedures, one by radiotherapy, one by transfusional therapy, and one by nosocomial infection. Almost 50% of these admissions were avoidable. Though the incidence of iatrogenic admissions in this study is similar to that in previous reports, the profile of the responsible agents is different. We did not find relationships with age, number or type of diagnoses, or number of medications on admission. Study of other patient and physician characteristics may be more rewarding in reducing the number of iatrogenic complications.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗