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[What is your diagnosis? Hypoderma bovis myiasis].
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[Serological diagnosis of an infestation caused by the early developmental stages of botfly larvae (Oedemagena tarandi) in reindeer].
Undertaken investigations have shown that the antigen prepared from larvae of O. tarandi is diagnostically effective and stricktly specific only to this infection in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination (RIHA). The experiments have proved the possibility of practical use of RIHA as a principal method of early diagnosis of infection of reindeer caused by O. tarandi.
[A case of dermamyiasis caused with Hypoderma lineatum larva].
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Persistence of antibody in calves after an infection with Hypoderma bovis.
The antibody titre of seven calves, naturally infected with Hypoderma bovis, was estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera collected from June to early December 1983 following infection in 1982. It was found that the antibody was lost from the circulation of these animals about 14 weeks after the disappearance of the infection. It is suggested that the presence of antibody in the sera of calves sampled in the late autumn and winter indicated that a new infection had been acquired.
[Demonstration of anaphylactic antibodies in cattle naturally infested with Hypoderma sp. (Insect. Diptera)].
Anaphylactic antibodies were demonstrated in cattle parasitized by Hypoderma sp. Using a technic of passive cutaneous anaphylaxy in Goats.
[Introduction of bovine hypodermiasis (Hypoderma bovis) with the importation of Hereford cattle from Canada].
The infestation by warble-fly (Hypoderma bovis /De Geer/) larvae was observed in Hereford cattle imported from Canada to Czechoslovakia in the autumn 1974. A risk of introducing hypodermosis in the areas where it had been eradicated occurred after a several-year persistence of such foci of the disease. The original infestation of the imported cows corresponded to the invasion extensity of 22 to 45% and invasion intensity of 1.9 and 3.7 larvae. There were observed no differences in the degree of infestation in cattle from different regions of Canada. In the subsequent years the invasion extensity in heifers was 52% the invasion intensity was four larvae. To control hypodermosis, Czechoslovak chemicals Arpalit-Spray and Hypocide were applied to Hereford cattle. In the West Bohemian Region cattle was treated with the chemical Arpalit-Spray in spring for three years to eradicate hypodermosis in the Tachov and Susice districts. A good result was obtained after the treatment in May during the maximum occurrence of larvae in bulges under the skin, the treatment in June was late and inefficient. In the Central Slovakian Region, Dolný Kubín district, hypodermosis was eradicated in Hereford cattle by a repeated treatment with Hypocide in autumn. The control of hypodermosis in Hereford cattle in the Prievidza district failed. In 1979 the invasion extensity in heifers was 25-100%, the invasion intensity was 2 to 25 larvae. Cattle transferred from this herd to the Lucenec, Presov and Gottwaldov districts were also infested. In the Gottwaldov district in the South Moravian Region all infested cows were treated with Arpalit-Spray in the summer 1979.
Studies on the low and fundamental populations of the warble fly Hypoderma bovis (De Geer) (Diptera, Hypodermatidae).
During control measures against cattle hypodermatosis low populations of warble flies with incidence of infestation (extensity, percentage) up to 2-5% persist after a rapid decrease of the degree of infestation. In order to study these low populations isolated warble fly populations were experimentally created under conditions of Central Europe. Fundamental populations observed originated from one ovipositing female in a herd of heifers and included 17, 25, 42 and 83 larvae with 11-52% of infestation and mean infestation of 1.1-1.6 larvae per infested host (intensity of infestation). With the increasing age of heifers from one to 2.5 years the numbers of fundamental populations decreased to one quarter, the extensity of infestation to one fifth, while the mean infestation per infested host remained nearly at the same level. The persistence of low warble fly populations was caused by an internal system regulating the numbers of parasites in the host populations. The distribution of larvae of fundamental warble fly population in a cattle herd agrees with the Poisson distribution as well as the negative binomial distribution. The direct significance of the results obtained for the control of hypodermatosis is pointed out.
[Hypoderma bovis meningitis. Apropos of new pediatric case].
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[Eosinophilic meningitis: a new case of hypodermosis from Hypoderma lineatum].
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[Human hypodermosis--a new zoonotic disease].
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Laboratory and field rearing of the warble fly Hypoderma bovis (De Geer) (Diptera, hypodermatidae) in the research of its population ecology.
A new method was successfully used in collecting the mature larvae of the cattle warble fly by means of woven wire flooring. In laboratory colonies the influence of temperature on pupal development, percentage of hatched adults and sex ratio, weight of pupae and adults, its changes during their life cycle, copulation and survival of adults were studied. Field experiments involved studies on the influence of humidity on the survival of pupae, percentage of hatched adults, duration of the pupal stage in the spring and summer periods. Stability of the total sum of temperatures above the temperature threshold necessary for the development of adult in pupa, facilitating to determine the term of hatching, was demonstrated. Laboratory rearing made it possible to obtain gravid females of the cattle warble fly for experimental purposes.
Influence of bovine hypodermosis control with organo-phosphorus compounds on abomasal helminth populations.
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[Respective frequency of Hypoderma species (Insecta Diptera Oestroidea) as the cause of human cases of hypodermiasis in France].
The authors, taking into consideration, on the one hand, numbers of larvae issued from human cases and respectively identified as Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum (at least when the specific determination cannot be put in doubt), on the other hand, the comparative intensity of serological reactions obtained between sera of more than one hundred cases by them diagnosed, and antigens respectively prepared from H. bovis and H. lineatum first instar larvae, come to the conclusion that, in France at least, the most numerous cases have as agent the first of these two species. They discuss different hypothesis giving possible explanation of the observed differences of frequency. On account of this higher frequency of cases by H. bovis, and of the complete lacking, sometimes, of crossed reactions with H. lineatum, they think that, for all serological researchs of human hypodermatosis, antigens corresponding to the two species have to be used, when, nearly always, alone is used H. lineatum antigen, for reason of easiness in collecting larvae for its preparing.
[Posterior internal ophthalmomyiasis].
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An intradermal test to detect latent warble (Hypoderma spp.) infection in cattle.
An intradermal test was developed to screen cattle for infection with the first-instar larvae of the warble flies Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis. The diagnostic antigen, prepared from the first-instar larvae of H. lineatum, produced a distinct dermal reaction in cattle infected with the first-instar larvae of either species, but not in cattle in which the infection could not be confirmed later either on necropsy or by the appearance of warbles in the back. The reaction to the antigen was unpredictable in cattle with warbles in their backs. The diagnostic property of the antigen was also demonstrated in rabbits and guinea pigs artificially sensitized to the antigen.