Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hypermedia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Implementation of a hypertext-based curriculum for emergency medicine on the World Wide Web.

This project reports the publication of a variety of existing curricular resources for emergency medicine on the global Internet in a format that allows hypertext links between related material, timely updates, and end-user feedback. Curricular elements were converted to Hypertext Markup Language with extensive links between related content. The completed document contains instructions for curriculum development, specific curricula for subspecialty areas within a residency, reading lists for subspecialty curricula, banks of images, and board-type questions with answers. Users are provided with a mechanism to provide immediate feedback to section editors with suggestions for changes, including new references. Access to all or part of the document can be controlled via passwords, but is potentially available to anyone with an Internet connection and a World Wide Web browser. The document may by viewed on the World Wide Web at: http:@www.brown.edu@Administration@emergency_Medicine@ curr.html.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

Review of One-Visit Endodontic Treatment.

Like the proverbial curate's egg, this CD-ROM is good in parts. I plan to use some sections in preclinical teaching, because the three-dimensional animations clarify descriptions for students unfamiliar with endodontic concepts. The rationale for single-visit endodontics is too inclusive for Australian audiences, and not adequately based on scientific evidence.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1997

Information retrieval in digital libraries: bringing search to the net.

A digital library enables users to interact effectively with information distributed across a network. These network information systems support search and display of items from organized collections. In the historical evolution of digital libraries, the mechanisms for retrieval of scientific literature have been particularly important. Grand visions in 1960 led first to the development of text search, from bibliographic databases to full-text retrieval. Next, research prototypes catalyzed the rise of document search, from multimedia browsing across local-area networks to distributed search on the Internet. By 2010, the visions will be realized, with concept search enabling semantic retrieval across large collections.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model for enhancing Internet medical document retrieval with "medical core metadata".

OBJECTIVE: Finding documents on the World Wide Web relevant to a specific medical information need can be difficult. The goal of this work is to define a set of document content description tags, or metadata encodings, that can be used to promote disciplined search access to Internet medical documents. DESIGN: The authors based their approach on a proposed metadata standard, the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, which has recently been submitted to the Internet Engineering Task Force. Their model also incorporates the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary and MEDLINE-type content descriptions. RESULTS: The model defines a medical core metadata set that can be used to describe the metadata for a wide variety of Internet documents. CONCLUSIONS: The authors propose that their medical core metadata set be used to assign metadata to medical documents to facilitate document retrieval by Internet search engines.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The shadow uniform resource locator: standardizing citations of electronically published materials.

Citation of scientific materials published on the Internet is often cumbersome because of unwieldy uniform resource locators (URLs). The authors describe a format for URLs that simplifies citation of scholarly materials. Its use depends on a simple HTML device, the "refresh page." Uniform citation would follow this format: [Author I. Title of article. http:// domain/year/month-day(e#).html]. The HTML code for such a page is: (HTML) (head) (meta HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="0; URL= http://Actual-URL/ for-article/ referred-to/ incitation.html") (/head) (/HTML). The code instructs the browser to suppress the content of the refresh page and bring up the title page of the cited article instead. Citations would be succinct and predictable. An electronic journal would not need to alter its existing file hierarchy but would need to establish a distinct domain name and maintain a file of refresh pages. Utilization of the "shadow" URL would bring us one step closer to truly universal resource locators.

Hypermedia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methods for the design and administration of web-based surveys.

This paper describes the design, development, and administration of a Web-based survey to determine the use of the Internet in clinical practice by 450 dental professionals. The survey blended principles of a controlled mail survey with data collection through a Web-based database application. The survey was implemented as a series of simple HTML pages and tested with a wide variety of operating environments. The response rate was 74.2 percent. Eighty-four percent of the participants completed the Web-based survey, and 16 percent used e-mail or fax. Problems identified during survey administration included incompatibilities/technical problems, usability problems, and a programming error. The cost of the Web-based survey was 38 percent less than that of an equivalent mail survey. A general formula for calculating breakeven points between electronic and hardcopy surveys is presented. Web-based surveys can significantly reduce turnaround time and cost compared with mail surveys and may enhance survey item completion rates.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

GEM: a proposal for a more comprehensive guideline document model using XML.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a guideline document model that includes a sufficiently broad set of concepts to be useful throughout the guideline life cycle. DESIGN: Current guideline document models are limited in that they reflect the specific orientation of the stakeholder who created them; thus, developers and disseminators often provide few constructs for conceptualizing recommendations, while implementers de-emphasize concepts related to establishing guideline validity. The authors developed the Guideline Elements Model (GEM) using XML to better represent the heterogeneous knowledge contained in practice guidelines. Core constructs were derived from the Institute of Medicine's Guideline Appraisal Instrument, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, and the augmented decision table guideline representation. These were supplemented by additional concepts from a literature review. RESULTS: The GEM hierarchy includes more than 100 elements. Major concepts relate to a guideline's identity, developer, purpose, intended audience, method of development, target population, knowledge components, testing, and review plan. Knowledge components in guideline documents include recommendations (which in turn comprise conditionals and imperatives), definitions, and algorithms. CONCLUSION: GEM is more comprehensive than existing models and is expressively adequate to represent the heterogeneous information contained in guidelines. Use of XML contributes to a flexible, comprehensible, shareable, and reusable knowledge representation that is both readable by human beings and processible by computers.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corpus-based statistical screening for phrase identification.

PURPOSE: The authors study the extraction of useful phrases from a natural language database by statistical methods. The aim is to leverage human effort by providing preprocessed phrase lists with a high percentage of useful material. METHOD: The approach is to develop six different scoring methods that are based on different aspects of phrase occurrence. The emphasis here is not on lexical information or syntactic structure but rather on the statistical properties of word pairs and triples that can be obtained from a large database. MEASUREMENTS: The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) incorporates a large list of humanly acceptable phrases in the medical field as a part of its structure. The authors use this list of phrases as a gold standard for validating their methods. A good method is one that ranks the UMLS phrases high among all phrases studied. Measurements are 11-point average precision values and precision-recall curves based on the rankings. RESULT: The authors find of six different scoring methods that each proves effective in identifying UMLS quality phrases in a large subset of MEDLINE. These methods are applicable both to word pairs and word triples. All six methods are optimally combined to produce composite scoring methods that are more effective than any single method. The quality of the composite methods appears sufficient to support the automatic placement of hyperlinks in text at the site of highly ranked phrases. CONCLUSION: Statistical scoring methods provide a promising approach to the extraction of useful phrases from a natural language database for the purpose of indexing or providing hyperlinks in text.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

RadNotes: a novel software development tool for radiology education.

RadNotes is a novel software development tool that enables physicians to develop teaching materials incorporating text and images in an intelligent, highly usable format. Projects undertaken in the RadNotes environment require neither programming expertise nor the assistance of a software engineer. The first of these projects, Thoracic Imaging, integrates image teaching files, concise disease and topic summaries, references, and flash card quizzes into a single program designed to provide an overview of chest radiology. RadNotes is intended to support the academic goals of teaching radiologists by enabling authors to create, edit, and electronically distribute image-oriented presentations. RadNotes also supports the educational goals of physicians who wish to quickly review selected imaging topics, as well as to develop a visual vocabulary of corresponding radiologic anatomy and pathologic conditions. Although Thoracic Imaging was developed with the aim of introducing chest radiology to residents, RadNotes can be used to develop tutorials and image-based tests for all levels; create corresponding World Wide Web sites; and organize notes, images, and references for individual use.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an electronic radiologist's office in a private institute.

A computer system that improves the quality, user-friendliness, accessibility, and management of radiology data (images, reports, databases, knowledge) was implemented at a private institute. A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) was integrated with the radiology information system (RIS). Two servers and 12 personal computers form the integrated system. The first server is dedicated to management and archiving of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images. The second server is dedicated to management of the RIS and archiving of patient data (Structured Query Language database), reports (hypertext markup language [HTML]), and images in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format (mini-PACS). There are three main client-server networks: a common network of imaging modalities (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasonography, digital radiography) and two fast Ethernet networks (the PACS network and the RIS network). The RIS-PACS is linked remotely with other workstations and servers via Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Images and reports can be distributed to referring physicians in the form of multimedia HTML and JPEG documents, which can also be used for quick and easy archiving, distribution, and reviewing within the institute. However, referring physicians have been reluctant to use electronic reports and images.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teleradiology as a foundation for an enterprise-wide health care delivery system.

An effective, integrated telemedicine system has been developed that allows (a) teleconsultation between local primary health care providers (primary care physicians and general radiologists) and remote imaging subspecialists and (b) active patient participation related to his or her medical condition and patient education. The initial stage of system development was a traditional teleradiology consultation service between general radiologists and specialists; this established system was expanded to include primary care physicians and patients. The system was developed by using a well-defined process model, resulting in three integrated modules: a patient module, a primary health care provider module, and a specialist module. A middle agent layer enables tailoring and customization of the modules for each specific user type. Implementation by using Java and the Common Object Request Broker Architecture standard facilitates platform independence and interoperability. The system supports (a) teleconsultation between a local primary health care provider and an imaging subspecialist regardless of geographic location and (b) patient education and online scheduling. The developed system can potentially form a foundation for an enterprise-wide health care delivery system. In such a system, the role of radiologist specialists is enhanced from that of a diagnostician to the management of a patient's process of care.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Image file formats: past, present, and future.

Despite the rapid growth of the Internet for storage and display of World Wide Web-based teaching files, the available image file formats have remained relatively limited. The recently developed portable networks graphics (PNG) format is versatile and offers several advantages over the older Internet standard image file formats that make it an attractive option for digital teaching files. With the PNG format, it is possible to repeatedly open, edit, and save files with lossless compression along with gamma and chromicity correction. The two-dimensional interlacing capabilities of PNG allow an image to fill in from top to bottom and from right to left, making retrieval faster than with other formats. In addition, images can be viewed closer to the original settings, and metadata (ie, information about data) can be incorporated into files. The PNG format provides a network-friendly, patent-free, lossless compression scheme that is truly cross-platform and has many new features that are useful for multimedia and Web-based radiologic teaching. The widespread acceptance of PNG by the World Wide Web Consortium and by the most popular Web browsers and graphic manipulation software companies suggests an expanding role in the future of multimedia teaching file development.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DICOM structured reporting: Part 1. Overview and characteristics.

Supplement 23 to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an introduction to the structured reporting (SR) classes, which are used for transmission and storage of clinical documents. The SR classes fully support both conventional free-text reports and structured information, thus enhancing the precision, clarity, and value of clinical documentation. In addition, the SR standard provides the capability to link text and other data to particular images or waveforms and to store the coordinates of findings. In other words, SR documents not only describe the specific features contained in images or waveforms but can also refer to any number of images or waveforms. Accordingly, SR bridges the traditional gap between imaging systems and information systems. Furthermore, SR plays an essential role in Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise by providing healthcare practitioners with an effective tool that encompasses a variety of clinical contexts. Harmonization of DICOM SR and the Health Level Seven clinical document architecture standard is under way.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DICOM structured reporting: Part 2. Problems and challenges in implementation for PACS workstations.

Structured reporting (SR) was recently added to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard to provide an efficient mechanism for the generation, distribution, and management of clinical reports. The main advantage of SR is the ability to link clinical documents with the referenced images for simultaneous retrieval and display. A generic SR toolkit that covers the different clinical reports used in today's healthcare enterprises was developed for picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstations. The modules of the SR toolkit collaborate to automatically construct the DICOM SR files from the free-text input presented in hypertext markup language (HTML) by using the associated SR trees. The DICOM toolkit is reused for SR encoding and DICOM services. A setup module was required for creating both the standard and private SR templates used in different healthcare specialties. The SR manager transparently converts between the different SR document presentations, that is, DICOM SR files and HTML documents, to provide the end users with an easy-to-use toolkit. To evaluate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the SR toolkit in a pragmatic setting, the toolkit was integrated into PACS workstations.

Data Display↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): HTML and Web site design for the radiologist: a primer.

A Web site has enormous potential as a medium for the radiologist to store, present, and share information in the form of text, images, and video clips. With a modest amount of tutoring and effort, designing a site can be as painless as preparing a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. The site can then be used as a hub for the development of further offshoots (eg, Web-based tutorials, storage for a teaching library, publication of information about one's practice, and information gathering from a wide variety of sources). By learning the basics of hypertext markup language (HTML), the reader will be able to produce a simple and effective Web page that permits display of text, images, and multimedia files. The process of constructing a Web page can be divided into five steps: (a) creating a basic template with formatted text, (b) adding color, (c) importing images and multimedia files, (d) creating hyperlinks, and (e) uploading one's page to the Internet. This Web page may be used as the basis for a Web-based tutorial comprising text documents and image files already in one's possession. Finally, there are many commercially available packages for Web page design that require no knowledge of HTML.

Hypermedia↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a computer-based approach to teaching acid/base physiology.

Because acid/base physiology is a difficult subject for most medical and veterinary students, the first author designed a software program, Acid/Base Primer, that would help students with this topic. The Acid/Base Primer was designed and evaluated within a conceptual framework of basic educational principles. Seventy-five first-year veterinary students (of 81; 93% response rate) participated in this study. Students took both a pre- and posttest of content understanding. After completing the Acid/Base Primer in pairs, each student filled out a survey evaluating the features of the program and describing his/her use and experience of it. Four pairs of students participated in interviews that elaborated on the surveys. Scores improved from 53 +/- 2% on the pretest to 74 +/- 1% on an immediate posttest. On surveys and in interviews, students reported that the program helped them construct their own understanding of acid/base physiology and prompted discussions in pairs of students when individual understandings differed. The case-based format provided anchors and a high degree of relevance. Repetition of concepts helped students develop a more complex network of understanding. Questions in the program served to scaffold the learning process by providing direction, accentuating the relevant features of the cases, and provoking discussion. Guidelines for software development were generated on the basis of the findings and relevant educational literature.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗