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Results for “Human Life Amendment”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Job to career satisfaction spillover among physician's assistants.

From the empirical studies that generalize the individual's job satisfaction to his life satisfaction, a meta-level hypothesis was developed to suggest a positive association between the physician's assistant's satisfaction with his current job and his satisfaction with his broader occupational or career choice. A questionnaire was mailed to 280 graduates of two Physician's Assistant Programs. Data analysis is based on 170 returns. Job satisfaction is measured with an amended version of the Job Description Inventory that includes a patient satisfaction component. Job satisfaction is found to relate positively to a global measure of career satisfaction, with the work satisfaction component explaining most of the variance in career satisfaction.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2006

Colorado revised statutes in support of palliative care limiting criminal liability.

Colorado's manslaughter law classifies assisted suicide as a felony. Because terminal patients are close to life's end, death while being treated is inevitable, therefore, there was concern among physicians that the fear of prosecution continued to prevent adequate pain relief for terminal patients. A group of physicians and concerned citizens set out to amend Colorado Revised Statutes to reassure doctors and others prescribing or administering palliative care for terminal patients that they would not be indicted under the law prohibiting assisted suicide. The 2006 Assembly passed the amendment (quoted in the text) with virtually no opposition in either house and it was signed into law by the governor, effective July 6, 2006. Note that in addition to allowing appropriate pain management, it specifically emphasizes that it does not permit assisted suicide.

Colorado↗
PubMed1998

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer approach to developing questionnaire modules: an update and overview. EORTC Quality of Life Study Group.

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Study Group has adopted a modular approach to quality of life (QoL) assessment in cancer clinical trials. The core instrument (the EORTC QLQ-C30) covers a range of QoL issues relevant to a broad spectrum of patients with cancer. The QLQ-C30 is designed to be supplemented by more specific subscales ('modules') to assess aspects of QoL of particular importance to specific subgroups of patients. Since individual members of the study group were to be involved in module development, guidelines were established. The primary aim of these guidelines was to standardize the module development process in order to ensure uniformly high quality across modules. This paper gives an update of the work completed to date. First, while the guidelines proved practical for module development, producing modules that exhibit adequate levels of psychometric and cross-cultural validity, experience pointed to three areas where the guidelines required more precision. These amendments will be provided and include (1) stricter monitoring of the developmental process from within the study group, (2) the explicit requirement of involvement of the study group and (3) a more precise definition of the criteria to be fulfilled before modules are allowed to be called 'EORTC modules'. Second, an overview of the modules currently under development or available for general use is provided. These modules include those for body image, high-dose chemotherapy, leukaemia, myeloma, palliative care and the following cancers: bladder, brain, breast, colorectal, head and neck, lung, oesophageal, ophthalmic, ovarian, pancreas and prostate. Finally, the need for the coordination of efforts in module development, both from within and outside the EORTC, is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

[3 years constitutional amendment in favor of handicapped patients--legal heights or political quagmire?].

In light of the recent constitutional amendment on behalf of people with disabilities, the present article inquiries into the tangible consequences the ban on discriminating against disabled persons has had in the various domains of social life. Dealt with is a gradual deterioration of the conditions disabled persons are faced with in the fields of work and occupation, as well as in the care and residential sectors. A central issue is the debate surrounding the "right" form of educational enhancement of disabled children and young people, in terms of its broader political implications. Positioning a maximum of life opportunities and societal inclusion as the guiding rule of any activity in the educational domain as well, is pleaded for.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Medicare and Medicaid programs; fire safety requirements for certain health care facilities; amendment. Final rule.

This final rule adopts the substance of the April 15, 2004 tentative interim amendment (TIA) 00-1 (101), Alcohol Based Hand Rub Solutions, an amendment to the 2000 edition of the Life Safety Code, published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). This amendment allows certain health care facilities to place alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in egress corridors under specified conditions. This final rule also requires that nursing facilities at least install battery-operated single station smoke alarms in resident rooms and common areas if they are not fully sprinklered or they do not have system-based smoke detectors in those areas. Finally, this final rule confirms as final the provisions of the March 25, 2005 interim final rule with changes and responds to public comments on that rule.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1997

Medical negligence and wrongful birth actions: Australian developments.

Wrongful birth actions aim to compensate litigants who are negligently deprived by health professionals of their right to reproductive choice. Access to safe and legal abortion is integral to the action and wrongful birth claims in the United Kingdom have been facilitated by the Abortion Act 1967 (as amended). The recent Australian case CES v Superclinics (1995) 38 NSWLR 47 shows how judicial confusion about the legality of abortion can result in judges condoning medical negligence. The Superclinics case also suggests that doctors are not required to provide pregnant women with the same standard of care as other patients. These developments show that law can become incoherent and health professionals can act negligently with impunity when reproductive choice does not have a secure legal foundation.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2005

Establishment and issues of new educational system by nutrition teachers.

The Japanese school lunch system, which has over 100 y of history, has gained world attention for its well-developed and steady system, healthy Japanese-style menus including rice, and educational programs utilizing the school lunch system. Meanwhile, risk factors of health among students have been continuously worsening for the past dozen years or so. Therefore, Japan had hastened to develop better educational programs utilizing the school lunch and nutritional teachers. Under such circumstances, the Japanese Diet passed a bill to amend the School Education Law (hereinafter called the Amendment) which includes the establishment of an educational system by nutrition teachers in May, 2004. This system will be enforced in April, 2005. This system by nutrition teachers in Japan is well organized in both the legal and administrative senses and is attracting domestic and international attention as an example of an educational measure to improve the dietary life of students. The reason for this article in English is the additional intention of enlightening other countries by showing the political promotion problems of educational administration agencies, educational contents of nutrition teachers and some issues of the new educational system by nutrition teachers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The Personal Concerns Inventory (Offender Adaptation): measuring and enhancing motivation to change.

Measuring offenders' motivation for treatment is important for selection and monitoring treatment engagement, yet few psychometrically robust measures of motivation exist. The Personal Concerns Inventory (PCI) was developed to assess motivation to change in people with addictive behaviours. It focuses on identifying goals in a wide variety of life areas, and two profiles have consistently been identified--adaptive and maladaptive. This study aimed to adapt the PCI for use with offenders and assess its suitability. Following amendment, 11 men serving prison sentences were interviewed using the PCI (Offender Adaptation, OA). Personal concerns related to self-change, and partner, family, and relationships were most commonly identified. Scores suggested that offenders show adaptive and maladaptive profiles, similar to those previously identified. The PCI (OA) has promise for use with offenders, although the issue of whether the PCI (OA) is better viewed as a measure of motivation or a motivational enhancer remains for further research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Public Law 99-457: a new challenge to early intervention.

Congress enacted and President Reagan signed into law on October 8, 1986, P.L. 99-457, the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments. These amendments reauthorize the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) and include a rigorous national agenda pertaining to more and better services to young special needs children and their families. This agenda was fueled by the recent recognition of the needs and competence of infants, the importance of early life experiences and by the documentation of the benefits of early intervention and preschool services. P.L. 99-457 recognized the unique role of families in the development of handicapped children. The most sweeping changes to EHA since P.L. 94-142, these amendments expanded the provisions of P.L. 94-142 to include handicapped infants and preschool children. The enactment of P.L. 99-457 provides a challenge to the filed of education of the deaf and to early childhood educators to re-examine basic assumptions about the range of services, the professionals providing those services, and the role of families who have children with hearing impairments.

Child↗
PubMed1993

The mineshaft: a retrospective ethnography.

The Mineshaft, a male sex club, is described from the patron's perspective, in retrospect, and in the context of gay male urban life in circa-1980 North America. It is suggested that the Mineshaft functioned to provide, on a for-profit basis, a relatively safe environment for liminal erotic behaviors, and did so in response to a variety of sociocultural conditions. The latter include the lack of institutionalized anticipatory socialization for intramale sexual relations, and the tension between S&M and non-S&M gay male styles. The Mineshaft occupied marginal niches in terms of its physical location, its hours of operation, and its legal status. Access was ritualized, social structure was simplified, social control was informal but adequate. The setting was amendable to a wide range of fantasy, eroticization and erotic role playing.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1986

The antiabortion movement and Baby Jane Doe.

In the early 1980s, the leadership of the antiabortion movement became involved in a campaign to establish legal rights to extraordinary medical care for seriously handicapped newborns. Armed with political contacts in the Reagan administration and Congress, and allied with advocates for the disabled, the antiabortion movement searched for a test case to guide through the courts. Antiabortion advocate Lawrence Washburn found such a case in Baby Jane Doe, who was being treated at Stony Brook Medical Center. The movement went on to amend the Child Abuse Act to include protections for handicapped newborns. Activists in the movement chose the issue of Baby Jane Doe because they believed it would attract welcome publicity, give them the appearance of supporting civil rights, and enhance their argument as to the legal rights of the fetus and thus strengthen the case against abortion. The movement was partially successful in obtaining its goals.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Federal legislative history of independent living programs.

In some respects, passage by the US Congress of the 1978 Amendments to the Rehabilitation Act (PL95-602) marked the beginning of federal involvement in the independent-living movement. For the 1st time a program was created whose primary goal is to help disabled persons to live independently; previous programs have been designed to help such persons become employable. This paper briefly examines the roots of PL95-602 and identifies how this new law represents a major new direction in the rehabilitation movement. The purposes and goals of the advocates of independent living have changed in the past decade and the new law reflects those changes.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Creating a specific quality-of-life questionnaire in patients with glaucoma: item generation].

The methods for developing Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL) measures and their application in medical research have demonstrated their utility in various chronic, progressive, or life-threatening diseases. The efforts made to allow the patient's perspective to be included in the methodological framework of evidence-based medicine have been successful. The assumption of a strong relationship between clinical status and daily life is certainly valid in ophthalmology. However, there is a lack of specific HRQoL measures dedicated to ophthalmic diseases. Our work aimed at creating the first Glaucoma-specific Quality of Life scale - the Glau-QoL questionnaire - to provide researchers and physicians with a comprehensive, practical, and validated tool. This article describes the first stage of the process, which consisted in generating items and formatting them in order to create a questionnaire that exhaustively covers the relevant concepts. The whole process was conducted by an expert committee including clinicians and methodologists. The standard recommendations in the development of a HRQoL questionnaire were followed: we first identified existing tools and performed a preliminary collection of concepts from the published literature; we then designed an interview guide with the help of clinicians; a trained psychologist interviewed 22 patients at various disease severity stages (from isolated hypertonic to severely impaired); the interviews were tape-recorded and scripted; general domains and related detailed concepts were identified from the script; they were then analyzed and organized; the format of the questionnaire was set up; and questions were derived from the patient's verbatim to capture the identified detailed concepts. The test questionnaire was applied to seven patients for cognitive debriefing. We finally amended the test questionnaire and designed the pilot questionnaire according to the patients' tests and the clinician's review. The test questionnaire was well accepted by the patients, despite a completion duration ranging from 14 to 35 minutes. The pilot questionnaire contained 151 items, grouped into 5 sections: (1) vision problems, physicians, and daily treatment (49 items); (2) activities of daily living (37 items); (3) self-expression (37 items); (4) vision problems and mood (14 items); and (5) other questions (14 items). The next step of our work will be the item reduction process and the psychometric validation of the Glau-QoL questionnaire.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Investigational new drug applications; amendment to clinical hold regulations for products intended for life-threatening diseases and conditions. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the regulations governing investigational new drug applications (IND's) to permit FDA to place a clinical hold on one or more studies under an IND involving a drug that is intended to treat a life-threatening disease or condition affecting both genders. The amendments permit the agency to place a clinical hold on such studies if men or women with reproductive potential who have the disease or condition are otherwise eligible but are categorically excluded from participation solely because of a perceived risk or potential risk of reproductive or developmental toxicity from use of the investigational drug. This rule was developed in response to the past practice of excluding women with reproductive potential from early clinical trials because of a perceived risk or potential risk of reproductive or developmental toxicity. The final rule does not impose requirements to enroll or recruit a specific number of men or women with reproductive potential.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2003

[Systemic and andragogic issues related to professional training of medical personnel in the sphere of hygiene of children and adolescents].

The continuous education concept presupposes that a person is educated during his or her entire conscious lifetime. The pedagogical education model is made use of at the higher-school stage; while at the postgraduate stage, the andragogic model must be involved. The andragogics is a branch of science, according to which the leading role belongs to the person who is educated. He or she contributes extensively to the planning, organization, implementation, assessment and amendment of the educational process. Such process is translated into reality at the chair for hygiene of children and teenagers in accordance with the State Standard of postgraduate professional training of experts with higher medical education in the sphere of "hygiene of children and teenagers". The defined educational levels as well as psycho-physiological and specific features of the educating staff are a basis for a individual approach to them. Not only hygienists but also pediatricians and attending doctors from the chair for family life are trained at the above-mentioned chair. The diversity of training appicable to medical personnel of different categories necessitates serious educational-and-methodolgical measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Operative splenic salvage in adults: a decade perspective.

The immunologic value of the spleen is now unchallenged; recognition of this fact has changed the management of splenic trauma radically over the past decade. This review describes our clinical experience in adults during this metamorphosis. In the 10-year period ending December 1987, 314 adults had splenic injury identified at emergent laparotomy. Mean patient age was 30.1 years and 81% were men. Injury mechanism was blunt in 227 (72%), stab wound in 49, and gunshot wound in 38. In 1978 splenorrhaphy was accomplished in nine (29%) of 31 patients; during 1982-1987 the rate of operative splenic salvage has been 63% (107/170). Splenorrhaphy was achieved with hemostatic agents in 40%, debridement and suturing in 40%, formal splenic resection in 13%, and mesh bag in 7%. Grade I splenic injuries were amendable to hemostatic agents alone, and suturing or mesh enclosure was necessary in 43% of Grade II and in all Grade III injuries. Grade IV disruption required anatomic splenic resection for hemorrhage control in 88% of the cases. During this period 63 patients underwent splenectomy; 48 (76%) had Grade V injuries that were technically unapproachable. The remaining splenectomies were performed expeditiously in multisystem injured patients harboring other critical injuries. This decade perspective documents the feasibility of operative splenic salvage in nearly two thirds of acutely injured adults. Conversely, more than one third require prompt splenectomy due to massive splenic disruption or the presence of concomitant life-threatening injuries.

Adolescent↗