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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Fractures of the base of the first metacarpal bone: results of surgical treatment.

The treatment and results of a retrospective study are presented on 23 patients who underwent surgical treatment for a fracture of the base of the thumb metacarpal. The 12 patients with a Bennett fracture were not found to be suffering from limitations in their daily activities, work, sport or hobbies. In the majority of cases an anatomical or almost anatomical position was achieved and maintained using closed reduction and extra-articular Kirschner wire fixation. Two of the seven patients with a Rolando fracture were found to have complaints which gave rise to limitations in the above-mentioned activities. The results of the four patients with an extra-articular fracture were good. Owing to the favourable results obtained with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation, this technique should be given preference over the more difficult open reduction and internal fixation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Deck-chairs: putting a finger on the problem, rather than in it.

Although often portrayed as something of a joke, injuries sustained in the setting-up and use of deck-chairs can have fairly serious consequences. Six patients who sustained finger injuries in some of London's Royal Parks during the Summer are presented together with data from the Department of Trade and Industry suggesting that, taken throughout the country as a whole, large numbers of injuries may be occurring. Notably, four of our patients were foreign tourists who may be less familiar with the traditional wooden folding deck-chair. Surprisingly no British Standards Institute (BSI) guidelines exist relating to deck-chair safety. These finger injuries can have marked morbidity if they involve victims who depend upon manual dexterity in their work or hobbies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of paint-on die spacers used for casting relief.

Three paints used for die spacing were measured for film thickness. Two of the materials are marketed as die spacers, and the third is sold as a model airplane paint. The materials were applied to stone dies in multiple coats. They were embedded in resin, sectioned, and measured photographically through a microscope. The three die spacing materials were capable of achieving clinically acceptable relief in the range of 20 to 40 mu by using a variable number of coats. Different paints produced different thicknesses. The two paints sold specifically for die spacing gave 11 to 13 mu per coat. The hobby shop paint had the smallest film thickness per coat, yielding approximately 5 mu per layer. It also had the smallest standard deviation. This control plus the relative low cost and availabilty make it attractive for this purpose.

Cementation↗
PubMed1983

The effects of exercise on mood and cognitive functioning.

Psychological measures of mood and perceptual speed were administered to 64 subjects prior to and immediately following involvement in either vigorous exercise or a hobby class which served as a contrast group. In general, results support the claim that physical activity is associated with incremental changes in mood and mental functioning. Although significant changes on several variables were also observed in the contrast group, the magnitude of change from pre- to post-testing was greater for the experimental group. The study suggests several important directions for future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Environmental exposure to lead and arsenic among children living near a glassworks.

Concentrations of lead (Pb) in blood (B-Pb, geometric mean 34.6 micrograms l-1, n = 127) and inorganic arsenic (As) and its metabolites in urine (U-As, mean 5.1 micrograms/g creatinine, n = 35) did not differ between children living in a village close to a glassworks emitting both Pb and As and children living in a reference area. There was no significant effect on B-Pb and U-As related to parents working at the glassworks or consumption of domestically grown vegetables. Neither was there any significant effect upon B-Pb of sex, age, potentially lead-exposing hobbies, or consumption of canned foods. Boys had higher U-As than girls (5.8 vs 4.2 micrograms/g creatinine, p = 0.005), and there was a decrease with age (range 8.4-10.4 years, 27% per year, p = 0.01). Further, parental smoking habits had a significant effect on both B-Pb and U-As. In children of non-smoking parents the B-Pb was 30 micrograms l-1, in children with one parent who smoked 39 micrograms l-1 (smoking father 37, smoking mother 41 micrograms l-1) and in children with two parents who smoked 47 micrograms l-1 (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for U-As were 4.2, 5.5, and 13 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively (p = 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Is NIDDM a risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss in an occupationally noise exposed cohort?

Little is known about what factors, other than chronic exposure to noise, predispose individuals to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The current retrospective study was designed to identify risk factors for NIHL in a population of 229 men [age 55-68 (mean = 63 years)] employed at a metal assembly plant. All men had been chronically occupationally noise-exposed for approximately 30 years (> or = 89 dBA) with an average Ea noise emission level) of 104.5. The clinical examination included a pure-tone threshold audiometric evaluation, discrimination of speech in background noise [W-22 Max (> 60% indicating better hearing)], blood pressure measurement, evaluation of lifestyle (alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, noisy hobbies) and occupational and military history. Severe NIHL was defined as > or = 65 db loss at 3, 4 or 6 kHz in at least one ear +/- 20 db threshold in the contralateral ear. History of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was reported by 16.4% of the 146 men with severe NIHL compared to 4.8% of the 83 men without severe NIHL (odds ratio = 3.9, C.I. 1.2-11.9, P = 0.05). Simultaneous evaluation of several potential risk factors using a multiple logistic regression indicates that the significant predictors of severe NIHL were diabetes (P < 0.05), Ea (P < 0.05) and age (P < 0.05). These results suggest that a person with NIDDM who is also occupationally noise-exposed is more likely to develop severe NIHL than those without NIDDM. Longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the temporal relationship between NIDDM and NIHL and to determine the exact mechanisms that are involved with this increased risk of hearing loss.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Follow-up study of 232 patients with occupational asthma caused by western red cedar (Thuja plicata).

A total of 232 patients with red cedar asthma diagnosed by inhalation provocation tests were observed an average of 4 years after the initial diagnosis. The status during the follow-up examination was as follows: 96 patients continued to work with red cedar, and 136 left the industry and had no further exposure to red cedar in their jobs or hobbies. Of the 136 patients who left the industry, only 55 (40.4%) recovered completely, whereas the remaining 81 (59.6%) continued to experience attacks of asthma of varying severity. The initial pulmonary function tests were significantly higher among the asymptomatic group compared to the symptomatic group (FEV1 99.3 +/- 2.7% versus 90.5 +/- 2.2% predicted, respectively). Methacholine PC20 during the initial examination was higher among the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group (1.46 +/- 3.96 mg/ml versus 0.77 +/- 4.52 mg/ml, respectively). These findings indicate that the patients in the asymptomatic group were diagnosed at an earlier stage of the disease. This observation was confirmed by the significantly shorter duration of symptoms before diagnosis among the asymptomatic patients compared to the symptomatic patients (1.6 +/- 1.9 versus 2.6 +/- 4.3 years). Race, smoking status, immediate skin reactivity, and presence of plicatic acid-specific IgE antibodies did not influence the outcome of these patients. Of the 96 patients who continued to work with red cedar, 47 were exposed daily, whereas 41 were exposed intermittently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Adolescent fantasy and self-fulfillment: the problem of female passivity.

A detailed analysis is reported of essays written by teenagers from two independent schools (120 of each sex) in response to the opening sentence: "Today is my eightieth birthday and I look back to the day I left school." Predictably the girls were orientated toward marriage and family life, and were somewhat less career-minded than the boys. They were also less politically aware, and saw hobbies as a luxury for their retirement and not as an integral part of life. Essentially they differed from the boys in being ready to live through others rather than on their own terms. These findings are interpreted in the light of Freud's distinction between passivity and the pursuit of a passive aim, which may call for well directed activity.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Occupational and environmental exposures and myelodysplasia: a case-control study.

A case-control study of newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome patients investigated lifetime exposures through occupation, environment or hobby by questionnaire, structured and semi-structured interview. The exposure histories of 400 individually matched pairs were compared. Increased or possibly increased odds ratios were observed for radiation (2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.16-3.76), halogenated organics (1.57, 0.97-2.57), metals (1.40, 0.99-2.00), several specific radiation exposures and individual chemicals and for childlessness (1.46, 1.01-2.11). Since myelodysplasia generally carries a poor prognosis, whether or not individuals convert to leukaemia or to other cancer, these findings add to previous reports of exposures implicated in the aetiology of leukaemia and add to the case for minimizing exposures to radiation and halogenated organics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in sensation seekers.

Personality traits, as assessed by personality inventories, and platelet monoamine oxidase activities have been compared in the following two groups of normal subjects: (1) subjects who either have mountaineering as an active hobby or an interest in mountaineering and (2) subjects not interested in mountaineering. The group of subjects interested in mountaineering were found to be sensation seekers, as assessed by the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale, and to have significantly lower platelet monoamine oxidase activities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lifestyle determinants for social activity levels among the Japanese elderly.

We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey to a total of 5239 elderly persons in four areas in Japan in 1993, which inquired about past lifestyles and present social activities. Based on the survey data, we first developed social activity measures, and then examined associations of the present total social activity measure with past lifestyles and physical conditions. The lifestyles significantly associated with high social activity after 65 years of age were 'high educational attainment'; having been 'healthy', 'plump', 'physically active' and 'having had hobbies' at about 50 years of age; and having 'frequent intake of many kinds of foods' during 30-50 years of age. Intake during 30-50 years of age of Japanese-style foods (rice, soybean paste soup, bean curd, pickles), noodles, beans, plant roots and potatoes was not significantly linked with the social activity levels at old age in either males or females. The same was true for smoking and drinking habits at about 50 years of age. Our findings essentially suggest the importance of a positive attitude at middle age to maintain and promote health status and improve lifestyles in order to attain high social activity at old age.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

The disablement process.

Building on prior conceptual schemes, this article presents a sociomedical model of disability, called The Disablement Process, that is especially useful for epidemiological and clinical research. The Disablement Process: (1) describes how chronic and acute conditions affect functioning in specific body systems, generic physical and mental actions, and activities of daily life, and (2) describes the personal and environmental factors that speed or slow disablement, namely, risk factors, interventions, and exacerbators. A main pathway that links Pathology, Impairments, Functional Limitations, and Disability is explicated. Disability is defined as difficulty doing activities in any domain of life (from hygiene to hobbies, errands to sleep) due to a health or physical problem. Feedback effects are included in the model to cover dysfunction spirals (pernicious loops of dysfunction) and secondary conditions (new pathology launched by a given disablement process). We distinguish intrinsic disability (without personal or equipment assistance) and actual disability (with such assistance), noting the scientific and political importance of measuring both. Disability is not a personal characteristic, but is instead a gap between personal capability and environmental demand. Survey researchers and clinicians tend to focus on personal capability, overlooking the efforts people commonly make to reduce demand by activity accommodations, environmental modifications, psychological coping, and external supports. We compare the disablement experiences of people who acquire chronic conditions early in life (lifelong disability) and those who acquire them in mid or late life (late-life disability). The Disablement Process can help inform research (the epidemiology of disability) and public health (prevention of disability) activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

How radiation oncology emerged as a discipline in Finland.

The news about the discovery of Röntgen's new rays spread over Finland quite early, and the first Finnish writing about the rays appeared in February 1896. The first x-ray machine was installed in 1897. Proper training of radiologists began, however, at a comparatively late date. For a long time the position of radiologists remained a subordinate one. Radiology had the nature of a spare time hobby, because in most hospitals surgeons treated x-ray machines as a sideline. Because of this, scientific research work was delayed. The specialty of x-ray diagnosis and therapy was, however, established in 1921, and the Finnish Society of Radiology was founded in 1924. The first radiotherapy department with its own beds was opened in 1936 in Helsinki. In 1950, the first professor of medical radiology was appointed at the University of Helsinki. The Finnish Cancer Society played an important role in developing the radiotherapy net in the country by supplying cobalt devises and auxiliary hospital activities in the 1960s. In the early 1960s roentgen diagnosis and radiotherapy were separated into two distinct disciplines. There are now five medical faculties with chairs in radiation oncology. The country is divided into five regions for cancer care. The managing groups in each region are headed by the professor of radiotherapy and oncology. The radiation oncologists in Finland are involved in diagnosis and staging of cancer and are responsible for radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormones. They are responsible for follow-up of treated patients, their own wards, and the general care of their patients.

Finland↗
PubMed1994

Hand strength: normative values.

We studied normal hand strength and the difference between dominant and nondominant hands. Two hundred fourteen volunteers were tested with a calibrated Jamar dynamometer at all five levels. A pinch gauge was used to assess key and pulp pinch. Height, weight, sex, hand dominance, and hobby demands were predictive of maximum grip. Mean maximum grip for women was 81 lb. and for men was 137 lb. Key pinch averaged 22%, while pulp pinch averaged 16% of maximum grip. Only 129 (60%) patients had maximum strengths at level 2. The majority of right-handed subjects were 10% stronger in grip strength on the dominant side. In left-handed subjects, mean grip was the same for both hands; the nondominant hand was stronger in 50% of left-handed subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Social and environmental factors and dysthymic disorder in old age.

This community-based epidemiological survey is concerned with relationships between social and environmental factors and dysthymic disorder (long-lasting depression according to the DSM-III classification) in a Finnish population aged 60 years or over. A greater proportion of dysthymic than non-depressed men had retired and did not work at all. The occurrence of dysthymic disorders in both men and women was related to retirement because of sickness rather than age, a small number of rooms in their homes, lack of intimate friendships and the occurrence of many long-standing and current social stress factors. The dysthymic women had lived at their present place of residence for a shorter period than had the non-depressed women. A positive association of dysthymic disorders with moving house due to poor health and living in institutions was also found in the men, and with a low number of hobbies and poor social participation in the women. In addition, the dysthymic women felt their relationships with their spouse, children, daughters-in-law and friends to be more distant than did their non-depressed counterparts. The dysthymic women also felt that elderly people were not appreciated. The log-linear models showed three interactions for the dysthymic men and six for the dysthymic women. The dysthymic persons reported a significantly larger number of detrimental events of an interpersonal nature than did the non-depressed persons.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Occupational exposure to noise, and hearing function among electro production workers.

OBJECTIVE: The present study has the aim to investigate the prevalence and the determinants of hearing loss among electro production workers. METHODS: Ninety-three electro production workers and 51 office workers underwent audiometric test. Information regarding, socio-demographics, present and past medical history of hearing problems, use of ototoxic drugs, hobbies, and smoking habit was obtained using a self administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The levels of noise at workplace have also been measured. Electro production workers were exposed to high levels of noise. Statistical analysis has shown that 44% of electro production workers had sensorineural hearing loss located mainly at 4000 Hz. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that occupational exposure to noise appears to be the strongest predictor (odds ratio, OR: 7.51) of NIHL followed by aging (OR: 5.34), and last by smoking (OR: 2.47). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that electro production workers are occupationally exposed to high levels of noise, and present high rates of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The observed hearing loss was located mainly at 4000 Hz. These findings underline the need for interventions to reduce the risk for the development of NIHL among electro production workers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Factors affecting the mental health of residents in a communal-housing project for seniors in Japan.

The aim of this study was to investigate mental health status and the factors related to it in residents of a communal-housing project for independently living elderly in Japan. Two hundred and seven persons (average age: 74 years) residing in the Silver Peer Housing Project, a seniors' communal-housing project designed for independent living, were interviewed face-to-face using a general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), mental status questionnaire (MSQ) and other questionnaire containing items on personal, social, and building/facility parameters. Using a GHQ score of 7 or over to indicate poor general mental health, approximately half of the residents (45.7%) were shown to have some psychiatric problems. Independent contributors to a high GHQ score were attendance of hobby-club meetings (odds ratio (95% CI): 0.4; range, 0.2-0.8); difficulty in laying out or putting away the bedding (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.0; range, 1.0-4.2); difficulty in standing up from a sitting position on a mat (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.0; range, 1.0-4.1); and difficulty in reaching bus or train stops (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.5; 1.2-5.2); by the step-wise multiple logistic regression analysis. It was shown that a considerable number of the residents in the Silver Peer Housing facilities studied had mental health problems associated with limitations in the layout of their apartment and/or the location of the housing. Our results suggest that it may be worthwhile to prepare more comfortable housing, and to provide psychogeriatric day treatment and a communal space open to public in the Silver Peer Housing.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Degradation and detoxification of acetochlor in soils treated by organic and thiosulfate amendments.

This work investigated the degradation and detoxification of acetochlor in a soil amended with an organic fertilizer or sodium thiosulfate (STS). Over an incubation period of 28 d, the residual acetochlor was measured, soil dehydrogenase activity was determined, and major degradates were identified. Results show that high-concentration acetochlor was persistent in the soil, as indicated by the depression in soil dehydrogenase activity. When the soil was amended with the organic fertilizer, the soil dehydrogenase activity was stimulated by supplemented nutrients, which resulted in a higher degradation of acetochlor. While STS did not significantly stimulate the soil dehydrogenase activity, acetochlor degraded more rapidly in STS-amended soil than in organic-amended soil. The Wright-Hobbie plots show that the influence of initial acetochlor concentration on degradation was dependent on the amendments. While the organic amendment resulted in the same degradate of acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid as in unamended soil, the STS amendment produced dechlorinated acetochlor thiosulfonic acid. The degradation of acetochlor in organic- and STS-amended soils thus occurred via different mechanisms. Further tests show that both degradates were less toxic to green algae than acetochlor. Both organic and STS amendments thus effectively degrade and detoxify acetochlor in soils.

Fertilizers↗