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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Role of hydrosulfide ions (HS-) in methylmercury resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Methylmercury-resistant mutants were obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They were divided into two complementation groups, met2 (homoserine O-acetyltransferase deficiency) and met15 (enzyme deficiency unknown), as reported previously. It was found that met15 was allelic to met17 (O-acetylserine and O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase deficiency). Methylmercury toxicity was counteracted by exogenously added HS-, and both met2 and met17 (met15) mutants overproduced H2S. On the basis of these results, we conclude that met2 and met17 (met15) cause accumulation of hydrosulfide ions in the cell and that the increased level of hydrosulfide is responsible for detoxification of methylmercury.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1978

Usefulness of serial antibody determinations in diagnosis of candidiasis as measured by discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis using HS antigen.

We have followed the candida antibody response in 115 patients with different types of candidiasis by discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis using HS antigen to learn whether any early antibody response occurs in systemic candidiasis and whether there are differences in the antibody response in candidiasis involving different organ systems. We found that 23 of 32 (72%) patients with systemic candidiasis had a rise in antibody titer within the first 2 weeks of infection and that high titers were relatively insensitive indicators of infection. No differences were seen in the antibody response in different types of candidiasis. Patients with aspergillosis and torulopsosis had titer rises as well which were attributed to either inapparent candida infection or cross-reacting antibody. A rise in titer was not seen in any patient with candida colonization, bacterial or viral infection, or no infection in contrast to titers greater than or equal to 1/1 or greater than or equal to 1/8 which were seen in these conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Genetic variation of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein in the Kyushu district of Japan: description of three new rare variants.

The genetic polymorphism of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) was studied in the Kyushu district of Japan using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, followed by immunoblotting. Three new rare variants were observed and designated AHSG*16, AHSG*17 and AHSG*18, tentatively. The frequencies of the polymorphic genes AHSG*1 and AHSG*2 were similar to those in other areas of Japan.

Fibronectins↗
PubMed2002

Deletion of the mouse alpha-globin regulatory element (HS -26) has an unexpectedly mild phenotype.

Natural deletions of the region upstream of the human alpha-globin gene cluster, together with expression studies in cell lines and transgenic mice, identified a single element (HS -40) as necessary and perhaps sufficient for high-level expression of the alpha-globin genes. A similar element occupies the corresponding position upstream of the mouse (m) alpha-globin genes (mHS -26) and was thought to have similar functional properties. We knocked out mHS -26 by homologous recombination and observed the surprising result that instead of the expected severe alpha-thalassemia phenotype, the mice had a mild disease. Transcription levels of the mouse genes were reduced by about 50%, but homozygotes were healthy, with normal hemoglobin levels and only mild decreases in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. These results may indicate differences in the regulation of the alpha-globin clusters in mice and humans or that additional cis-acting elements remain to be characterized in one or both clusters.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Flanking HS-62.5 and 3' HS1, and regions upstream of the LCR, are not required for beta-globin transcription.

The locus control region (LCR) was thought to be necessary and sufficient for establishing and maintaining an open beta-globin locus chromatin domain in the repressive environment of the developing erythrocyte. However, deletion of the LCR from the endogenous locus had no significant effect on chromatin structure and did not silence transcription. Thus, the cis-regulatory elements that confer the open domain remain unidentified. The conserved DNaseI hypersensitivity sites (HSs) HS-62.5 and 3'HS1 that flank the locus, and the region upstream of the LCR have been implicated in globin gene regulation. The flanking HSs bind CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) and are thought to interact with the LCR to form a "chromatin hub" involved in beta-globin gene activation. Hispanic thalassemia, a deletion of the LCR and 27 kb upstream, leads to heterochromatinization and silencing of the locus. Thus, the region upstream of the LCR deleted in Hispanic thalassemia (upstream Hispanic region [UHR]) may be required for expression. To determine the importance of the UHR and flanking HSs for beta-globin expression, we generated and analyzed mice with targeted deletions of these elements. We demonstrate deletion of these regions alone, and in combination, do not affect transcription, bringing into question current models for the regulation of the beta-globin locus.

5' Flanking Region↗
PubMed1996

Design and synthesis of gentiohexaosyl derivatives for an ANP receptor antagonist, HS-142-1.

A hexaosyl fragment of the major component of lipooligosaccharide HS-142-1, O-(3-O-caproyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-[O-(beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-O-(3-O-caproyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1--> 6)]2-D-glucopyranose (1), was efficiently synthesized by block synthesis. More stable analogs, O-(3-O-hexyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-[O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)- (1-->6)-O-(3-O-hexyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)]2-D-glucopyranose (4) and O-(3-O-caproyl-2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-[O- (2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-O-(3-O-caproyl-2,4-di -O- methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)]2-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucopyrano se (2), were also designed and synthesized in a similar manner.

Caproates↗
PubMed1996

Synthetic studies on polysaccharide HS-142-1, a novel nonpeptide antagonist for the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor: syntheses of the gentiobiosyl fragments.

Possible disaccharide fragments of the major component of HS-142-1, a novel polysaccharide antagonist for functional atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors, O-(4-O-caproyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 --> 6)-4-O-caproyl-D-glucopyranose (1) and O-(3-O-caproyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 --> 6)-3-O-caproyl-D-glucopyranose (2), were respectively synthesized in a stereo- and regio-controlled manner. Deprotection of 2,2'-di-O-caproyl derivative 35 gave a complex mixture due to undesired acyl migration. In contrast, 2,4'-di-O-caproyl analog 39 was successfully deprotected to give O-(4-O-caproyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 --> 6)-2-O-caproyl-D-glucopyranose (40).

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed2005

Sugarcane bagasse pulps: biobleaching with commercial cartazyme HS and with Bacillus pumilus xylanase.

Organosolv (ethanol/water and acetosolv) pulps were treated with Bacillus pumilus xylanase for 4, 8, and 12 h and compared with commercial Cartazyme HS xylanase-treated pulps. Treatment of ethanol/water pulps with B. pumilus xylanase increased viscosity by 40% in 8 h of treatment compared with pulps treated without enzyme. However, acetosolv pulps treated with B. pumilus xylanase lost viscosity. Ethanol/water pulps treated with Cartazyme had a viscosity of 18.5 cP in 4 h of treatment. In the acetosolv pulps treated with commercial enzyme, the loss of viscosity was 20% compared with pulps treated without enzyme. Ethanol/water pulps treated with B. pumilus and Cartazyme had similar effects: a 44% reduction in kappa number for pulps treated with enzyme followed by alkaline extraction compared with pulps treated with alkaline extraction. In acetosolv pulps treated with B. pumilus, the kappa number was from 12 to 18, compared with pulps treated without enzyme, which had a 40% reduction in 4 and 12 h and a 60% reduction in 8 h. Cartazyme-treated acetosolv pulps had a kappa number of 14 in 4 and 8 h of treatment. For 12 h of treatment, the kappa number was 8. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the pulps showed that enzyme-treated pulps had changes in the 1000 cm-1 absorption owing to a C-O bond present in esters. Using principal component analysis, it is possible to differentiate the unbleached pulps and enzyme-treated pulps.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2005

Enzymatic bleaching of organosolv sugarcane bagasse pulps with recombinant xylanase of the fungus Humicola grisea and with commercial Cartazyme HS xylanase.

Organosolv (ethanol/water and acetosolv) pulps were treated with Humicola grisea var. thermoidea and compared with Cartazyme HS xylanase-treated pulp. The ethanol/water pulps treated with H. grisea had the same viscosity as unbleached pulps (8 cP). Ethanol/water pulps treated with Cartazyme had higher viscosity than H. grisea-treated pulps (12 cP). Acetosolv pulps treated with H. grisea and Cartazyme presented a reduction in viscosity; however, the pulps treated with H. grisea had a lower reduction in viscosity than Cartazyme-treated pulps. Ethanol/water pulps treated with H. grisea had a 23% reduction in kappa number in 4 and 8 h of treatment, compared with the unbleached pulps. Cartazyme-treated pulps had a kappa number similar to that of the control pulps for 4 h of treatment. Extending the treatment time to 12 h resulted in a reduction of 33%. The acetosolv pulp treated with H. grisea had a kappa number reduced to 23% in 4 h. Cartazyme treatment resulted in a reduction of 55 and 44% in kappa number for 4 and 8 h of treatment, respectively, when compared with control pulp. Extending the treatment time to 12 h decreased the kappa number 72%. Fourier transform infrared spectra and principal component analysis showed differences among unbleached, H. grisea-treated, and Cartazyme-treated pulps.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1999

Rapid analysis of parathion in biological samples using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

A simple and rapid method for the analysis of parathion in biological samples is presented. The method consists of the extraction of parathion from blood samples by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), followed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection. The recoveries in the blood samples after addition of ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid were between 85% and 89% compared to samples prepared in water. Linearity was established over a concentration range of 0.1-5 microg/g blood with acceptable coefficients of correlation and limits of detection reached 0.02-0.05 microg/g. The time for an analysis is 57 minutes for one sample, including the extraction step. In conclusion, HS-SPME in combination with GC/MS is an effective method for the determination and quantification of parathion-ethyl and parathion-methyl in biological material.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid determination of volatile compounds emitted from Chimonanthus praecox flowers by HS-SPME-GC-MS.

A novel rapid, simple and solvent-free method was developed for determination of the volatile compounds from the flowers of Chimonanthus praecox Link using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The SPME conditions were firstly optimized and applied to sampling of the volatile compounds emitted from living Chimonanthus praecox L. flowers and excised Chimonanthus praecox L. flowers. Thirty-one compounds emitted from living flowers were identified for the first time, which mainly included 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene (2.0%), a-phellandrene (4.7%), benzyl methanol (11.1%), trans-linalool oxide (furanyl ring) (5.3%), a-linalool (36.0%), methyl salicylate (24.5%) and acetic acid benzyl ester (5.9%). Comparing the emission from living flowers and excised flowers, twenty-eight compounds were found to be detected in the two emissions, and three compounds, n-pentadecane, n-cetane and n-heptadecane, were only found in the emission from the living flowers, which shows that they might be biomarker compounds.

China↗
PubMed2002

Heparan sulfate (HS)/heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and bikunin are up-regulated during calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rat kidney.

We reported that expression of both HSPG and of bikunin are increased in calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithic rat kidneys (lida et al., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999, Urol. Res. 1997). However, these findings were obtained from separate experiments. The present study evaluates whether levels of HSPG and bikunin expression differ in the rat kidney during calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were assigned to one of four groups (n = 6 each group) and administered with 0.5% ethylene glycol daily and 0.5 microgram of 1 alpha-OH-D3 every other day to induce CaOx nephrolithiasis. Animals were sacrificed 1 or 2 weeks later and both kidneys were excised. The cortex was separated from the medulla and papillary tips in the right kidney, then stored in liquid nitrogen for quantitative competitive-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QC-RT-PCR). The left kidney was fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histochemical studies. We assessed the variable gene expression of both HSPG and bikunin by QC-RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analyses of left kidney tissue samples determined the localization of HSPG and bikunin. Normal rats serving as controls (n = 6 each) were also sacrificed and processed in the same manner as the experimental groups. QC-RT-PCR confirmed that HSPG and bikunin mRNA expression is significantly increased in nephrolithic kidneys (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test), and that medulla and papillary tips tended to express more mRNA of both. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the production of HS and bikunin was increased in both the distal and proximal tubules of nephrolithic kidneys. These findings suggest that the increased expression of both HSPG and bikunin play an important role during calcium oxalate stone formation. In addition, this phenomenon might be associated with the progression of urothelial damage.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Screening of amphetamine/methamphetamine and their derivatives in urine using FPIA and Triage 8 and the Scope and limits of a subsequent identification by means of the REMEDi HS system.

This study describes screening and identifying amphetamines, methamphetamines, and their derivatives in urine using immunochemical (Triage, FPIA) and chromatographic techniques (REMEDi HS). Amphetamines, methamphetamines, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDE (3,4-methylenedioxyethyl-amphetainine), MBDB (N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine), BDB (3,4-(methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine), PMA (4-methoxyamphetamine), DOM (2,5-dimethyloxy-4-methylamphetamine), DOB (4-bromo-2,5-dimethyloxyamphetamine), amphetaminil, pholedrine, fenfluramine, and amfepramone were subjected to a comparative study. For this, the substances were analyzed to determine their specific threshold concentration for a positive detection in the Triage test and their limit of detection and positive threshold concentration for the FPIA test and the results compared. Furthermore, the capabilities of a more detailed analysis with the REMEDi system were studied. This HPLC system was able to produce information on the single drugs and main metabolites found in the sample with the danger of false-positive or false-negative screening results greatly minimized.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of identification methods of compounds from the opium alkaloids groups on Remedi HS instrument with immunoassay methods].

The biological material of 28 abusers of compounds from the group of opium alkaloids were toxicologically analysed. To preliminary estimation of psychoactive substances ingestion the immunoassay methods (EMIT or FPIA) were used. The received results of total estimation compounds from opium alkaloids and their metabolites were compared to the ones obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography identification method with using Remedi HS. In the evaluated materials of all patients morphine, codeine, N-desmethylcodeine were identified. The presence of 6-mono-acethylmorphine was found in the urine of only 4 patients, which indicates the instability and a little amount of heroine in "kompot" of domestic production. The identification method can be used for simultaneous estimation of other substances of abuse from the groups of amphetamines and phenothiazines.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

Interactions of alpha2-HS-glycoprotein (fetuin) with MMP-3 and murine squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Alpha2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin) is a major plasma glycoprotein predominantly synthesized by the liver. We have previously demonstrated that human fetuin produced by hepatocellular carcinoma cells can activate the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 (gelatinase-B). Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) is over-expressed in murine skin tumors and is associated with a metastatic cell phenotype. We hypothesize that fetuin plays a role in tumor progression of cell types which by themselves do not have the ability to express fetuin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that fetuin surrounds the tumor cells in murine squamous cell carcinoma tumor specimens, similar to the expression pattern previously seen for MMP-3. The physical association of fetuin and MMP-3 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled fetuin by antibodies to MMP-3. Fetuin facilitates the conversion of pro-MMP-3 to its active form, although this effect is indirect. The association of iodinated fetuin to the cell surface of intact cultured cells derived from a murine tumor with squamous (B9) and spindle (A5) morphologies was determined by binding experiments and Scatchard analysis. Fetuin binds with Bmax values in the range of 1.26-2.1 (mean = 1.7) fmol/1 x 10(5) cells for A5 cells, and 1.5-1.7 (mean = 1.6) fmol/1 x 10(5) cells for B9 cells. The mean KD was 0.46+/-0.19 nmol for both A5 and B9 cells. Our data therefore are consistent with the model that fetuin binds to the cell surface of tumor cells and acts to localize and anchor other molecules important during tumor progression to the plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical trial of Pilogel HS made by Alcon].

The authors give an account on the results of clinical tests of the anti-glaucomatous preparation PILOGEL HS of ALCON Co. The drug replaced in all groups of patients reliably 1-3% Pilocarpine administered three times a day, as regards its effect on intraocular tension. Its great practical advantage is that the effect is achieved after a single administration per 24 hours (at night). In particular patients in their productive age appreciate this advantage. The preparation was included in the import plan.

Aged↗