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PubMedDate not supplied

[Sublimation-dried mare's milk and the possibility of its use in creating infant and dietary food products].

The main biological parameters were studied in sublimated mare's milk: protein fraction composition, amino-acid spectrum, fatty-acid composition of lipids and the content of vitamins and mineral substances. A high biological value of the sublimated mare's milk has been proved, as well as significant proximity of its composition to human milk. Preliminary data have evidenced expediency of mare's milk use for the development of adapted milk mixtures for baby foods. However, the fatty component of the mixtures needs certain correction by addition of vegetable oil. The sublimated mare's milk can be used for the production of kumiss, that would extend its application in dietotherapy by removing season and territory limitations.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Changes in the fatty acid profiles of plasma lipid fractions induced by dietary nucleotides in infants born at term.

This study was designed to determine the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of plasma lipid fractions in newborn infants fed human milk (HM), milk formula (MF) or nucleotide-supplemented milk formula (NMF) during the first month of life. Linoleic acid was increased in infants fed formulas in all plasma lipid fractions with respect to those fed HM. Plasma phospholipids in MF-fed infants had lower percentages of PUFA of both omega 6 and omega 3 series, namely arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, than those fed HM or NMF; the unsaturation index was decreased in infants fed MF as compared to those fed HM or NMF. Arachidonic acid showed a similar behaviour in plasma cholesteryl esters as in phospholipids. No changes for long chain PUFA among the groups studied were observed for plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids. These results support previous findings that dietary nucleotides are involved in the regulation of desaturation and elongation of linoleic and linolenic acid to their longer superior homologous fatty acids. We suggest that dietary nucleotides may reverse the partial inhibition of delta 5-desaturase caused by an excess of linoleic acid in the diet during early postnatal life.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1987

[Use of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in non-dairy formulas. I. Chemical composition and nutritive quality of chickpeas and a comparison with commercial infant formulas].

A study was carried out to determine, in rats, the chemical composition and protein quality determinations: PER, NPR and NPU of chick-pea, milk powder and two different commercial infant formulas for babies with lactose intolerance. The formulas studied were "Casec" (calcium caseinate), "Sobee" (soy flour), "Plenilac" (milk powder) and cooked chick-pea flour, alone or supplemented with methionine and/or tryptophan. The protein and fat contents of "Casec" were 88 and 2%, respectively, while chick-pea, "Sobee" and "Plenilac" exhibited 18.9 and 8%, 22 and 18%, 26 and 28%, respectively. The four products were deficient in sulfur amino acids, with "Sobee" exhibiting the lowest chemical score (57), followed by chick-pea (62), "Casec" (68) and "Plenilac" (82). The chick-pea supplemented with methionine was deficient in valine (C.S. 76). The higher values of PER, NPR and NPU were obtained with the chick-pea supplemented with methionine, and with the "Plenilac" samples, while chick-pea without amino acid supplementation, however, had a protein quality similar to "Casec" and to "Sobee". According to these results, therefore, chick-pea alone or supplemented with methionine can be utilized as a milk substitute in malnourished children with lactose intolerance.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Lactobezoar formation associated with high-density caloric formula.

Two cases of lactobezoar formation were seen in premature low-birth-weight infants in a 24 cal/oz formula fortified with medium-chain triglycerides and glucose polymers given by continuous nasogastric infusion. Medical management included cessation of oral feedings and increased hydration and led to a rapid dissolution of the problem. The use of this preparation in small low-birth-weight infants is not recommended as an initial formula, and it should only be used when oral feedings have been well tolerated in a growing premature infant.

Bezoars↗
PubMed1979

Lactobezoar in the low-birth-weight infant.

Lactobezoar is an unusual complication associated with infant feeding. Seven low-birth-weight infants developed lactobezoars, including one whose case was complicated by gastric perforation. Six of these infants were fed formulas specifically designed for the low-birth-weight infant. Abdominal distention or regurgitation were the most frequent symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed or made prospectively on supine or cross table lateral chest roentgenograms that included the upper abdomen. Treatment consisted of withholding feeding for 24 hours. There was no recurrence of symptoms following resumption of feedings.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

How mothers choose babymilk brands.

Babymilks which had been on the market for many years were the most highly regarded by the women. Midwives had a greater influence in brand choice than health visitors, although overall the women's sisters appeared to be the most influential. Women expressed a need for more information regarding the nutritional content and differences between various babymilks, but from an unbiased source. The effect of subliminal advertising on the postnatal wards (i.e. by using ready-to-feed bottles of babymilk) was highly significant. There is no doubt that there is deliberate confusion of brand name advertising with impartial information.

Advertising↗
PubMed2001

Lack of effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of an extended-release oxybutynin formulation.

The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of 15 mg oxybutynin XL was evaluated in a single-dose, randomized, crossover, open-label study in healthy volunteers. A validated, stereospecific, high-performance liquid chromatography assay was used to simultaneously determine the plasma concentrations of R- and S-oxybutynin and active metabolite R- and S-desethyloxybutynin. The mean AUC and Cmax values for each of the four analytes in the fed treatment were within +/- 20% of the fasting treatment values. The 90% confidence intervals for the treatment ratios (fed/fasted) for log-transformed Cmax and AUCinf values for the drug isomers and AUCinf values for the metabolite isomers were all within the 80% to 125% range. Only the ranges for the Cmax values for R- and S-desethyloxybutynin were slightly wider but were well within the 70% to 143% criteria recommended for Cmax when comparing effect of food. Lack of effect of food on oxybutynin XL is consistent with the previous observation that the osmotically controlled formulations are nearly insensitive to the gastrointestinal environment, including food. Oxybutynin XL was well tolerated, and the safety results were comparable whether administered alone or with food. In conclusion, oxybutynin XL administration does not require any caution to be exercised regarding food.

Adolescent↗