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PubMed1983

Prenatal diagnosis.

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DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1981

Fetal scalp blood sampling and transcutaneous PO2.

Continuous transcutaneous PO2 monitoring has yielded some interesting information about the relationships of fetal oxygenation and the fetal heart rate. Notwithstanding the factors that may adversely affect the results obtained by this technique, further insights regarding fetal oxygenation may be gained. Ultimately, the clinical application of this instrument in high-risk situations is possible, yielding more information about the fetus during labor. Fetal scalp blood sampling, performed meticulously, will provide accurate blood pH values and should be employed when a differentiation between fetal stress and distress must be made. Other means of obtaining information about fetal acid-base balance are being developed and may become important tools in selected instances.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

[Fetoscopy (author's transl)].

It is the aim of fetoscopy to recognise or exclude malformations which are visible in the fetal stage and which are not associated with chromosomal damage. The requisite endoscope can be inserted practically without any problems into the amniotic cavity under local anaesthesia and in the manner of an "extended amniocentesis". If pregnancy is continued, the risk involed in fetoscopy must be assessed as similarly low as that of simple aminocentesis, as the clinical experience collected so far has shown. The clinical use of fetoscopy requires close co-operation with the geneticist and the parents concerned. The decision that fetoscopy is indicated lies mainly with the geneticist on account of the required expert genetic knowledge. Fetoscopy appears justified if there is an increased risk of malformation of the fetus which is manifest in the foetal stage and which is sufficiently serious to initiate therapeutic abortion if necessary, and, furthermore, if the risk involved in fetoscopy is in reasonable proportion to the risk of teh malformation. Over and above this, fetoscopy can also be justified if it is necessary to obtain fetal blood for examination. Satisfactory technical and endoscopic experience is the most important prerequisite for success and for reduced risk. Up to now, indication of fetoscopy was exclusively coupled to existing pregnancy and enhanced genetic risk. On the other hand, the question whether pregnancy should be permitted despite a known risk, simply because subsequent fetoscopy is envisaged, should be treated with reserve.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1980

The role of fetoscopy in antenatal diagnosis.

The application of fetoscopy has been limited thus far, but many uses can be envisioned for the future. Fetal blood sampling via fetoscopy provides information concerning haemoglobinopathies, various enzymatic activities, immunological competence, and haematological status. In addition to direct visualization for fetal malformations, fetoscopy could prove useful for intrauterine therapeutics. For example, intrauterine transfusion under direct visualization would allow earlier treatment of Rh-sensitized erythroblastoic fetuses, and administration of pharmacological agents and nutrients seems feasible.

Creatine Kinase↗