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PubMed1977

[The salivary fluoride level after administration of fluorides and fluoride complex salts].

Compounds of fluorine and Si or Fe are found in nature and are sometimes formed from F ions in the stomach. The chemistry of the release of resorbable F ions from such compounds in the intestinal tract is described. To demonstrate fluorine availability at the enamel surface daily profiles of fluorine concentration in the saliva of seven subjects after a single administration of a NaF and Na3FeF6 tablet are presented and their effect on the remineralization of the dental enamel described.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

Daily fluoride intake from the diet of Hungarian children in fluoride deficient and naturally fluoridated areas.

Average daily dietary intakes of F were determined for 67 kindergarten children (X age 3.9 years) and 118 schoolchildren (X age 14.0 years), resident in one of three areas where the concentration of naturally occurring F in the household water ranged 0.06-0.11 mg/l, 0.05-1.10 mg/l and 1.6-3.1 mg/l. Mean daily F intakes increased consistently and significantly with increasing F content of the water in all dietary categories in both age groups. Due to relatively low water and high milk consumption, F from foods has made a greater contribution to total F intake (40-53% over the whole sample) than F in water ingested as such, or in beverages. The total amount of F ingested from dietary sources is considered safe even at the highest intake levels found (X = 0.44 mg/day, SD = 0.11 at 3.9 years; 1.49 mg/day, SD = 0.35 at 14.0 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Exposure to hydrogen fluoride: an experimental study in humans of concentrations of fluoride in plasma, symptoms, and lung function.

OBJECTIVES: To study the absorption of inhaled hydrogen fluoride (HF) by measuring plasma fluorides and HF concentrations in the breathing zone during exposure to HF. A possible dose-effect relation was investigated by following airway symptoms and lung function-that is, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)-during and after exposure to HF. METHODS: 20 healthy, male volunteers were exposed for one hour to constant HF concentrations that ranged from 0.2 to 5.2 mg/m3; these concentrations are known to occur among potroom workers in the primary aluminium industry. Plasma fluorides were analysed before, during, and after exposure. Symptoms from the eyes and the upper and lower airways were registered and graded from 1 to 5 with a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS: The total symptom score was significantly increased at the end of exposure for all the subjects as a group (P < 0.01) and for the group exposed to HF below the present Norwegian standard for total fluorides 0.6 mg/m3 (P = 0.05). No change was detected in FEV15 although a significant decrease was found in FVC in the group exposed to fluorides below the hygienic standard (n = 9) and for the entire group (n = 23). Almost all the symptoms had disappeared four hours after the end of exposure. Symptom scores from the upper airways were significantly correlated with the HF concentration (r = 0.62, P = 0.002), the change in plasma fluoride concentration (delta C) (r = 0.51, P = 0.01), and the maximum plasma fluoride concentration (Cmax) (r = 0.42, P = 0.05). A significant correlation was also found between the total symptom score for airways and the HF concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed a strong relation between inhaled HF and concentrations of fluoride in plasma. Upper airway and eye symptoms occurred after one hour of exposure to HF even when below the Norwegian hygienic standard for fluorides.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1977

Fluoride release and physical properties of a fluoride-containing amalgam.

1. The amount and percentage of fluoride released from amalgam were less for the 1:1.6 alloy/mercury ratio than for the 1:1 ratio. 2. Higher fluoride concentrations resulted in a greater quantity but lower percentage of fluoride released from the amalgam. 3. Longer immersion times resulted in a greater amounts and percentages of released fluoride. However, the fluoride released per hour decreased with immersion time. 4. Immersion of the amalgam in lactic acid caused a greater release of fluoride than immersion in distilled water. 5. Disintegration of the amalgam was greater in lactic acid than in distilled water. The contribution of calcium fluoride to weight loss was greater in water than in lactic acid, indicating a corrosive effect for lactic acid. 6. The higher calcium fluoride content (2 per cent) decreased the compressive strength of the amalgam but did not alter the dimensional change.

Calcium Fluoride↗
PubMed2000

The fractional urinary fluoride excretion in young children under stable fluoride intake conditions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the fraction of the total daily fluoride intake that is excreted through the urine (FUEF) of children aged 3-5 years under usual intake conditions. Participating children were residents of an area with a fluoride (F) concentration of 0.5-0.6 mg/L in their drinking water. Assessments were made on two successive 24-h periods on 20 children, measuring the total amount of fluoride ingested through liquid and food consumption, and from ingestion of fluoridated toothpaste (500 microg F/g), together with the determination of the amount of fluoride excreted through urine. Fluoride retention was also estimated assuming a constant average F fraction of 10% excreted through faeces. It was found that the average proportion of liquids, solid foods, and toothpaste to the daily fluoride intake (1.02-mg F/day on average) were 40.8, 34.6, and 24.5%, respectively. The average FUEF value was 35.5% (95% C.I.=31.7-39.3%), and the estimated fractional F retention was 54.5%. The present data suggest a slight relationship between FUEF values and the inverse of the daily fluoride dose (1/dose) (r=0.513; P=0.021). When the present results are combined with those from previous studies on F-retention and urinary excretion, the correlation between both FUEF and fractional retention and 1/dose are very strong and highly significant (r=0.98, P<0.0001, and r=-0.986, P<0.0001, respectively). A possible mechanism is suggested in order to explain this latter finding. The potential usefulness of the current FUEF value for the estimation of daily F intake (or dose) from urinary F excretion data is also discussed.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2003

Effect of a combination of fluoride dentifrice and varnish on enamel surface rehardening and fluoride uptake in vitro.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining fluoride dentifrice (FD) and varnish (FV) on in vitro enamel surface rehardening and on fluoride uptake under a pH-cycling regimen. Seventy-eight bovine enamel blocks with early lesions were used and 52 were divided into four treatment groups: (a) placebo non-fluoridated dentifrice (PD); (b); FD (1100 p.p.m. F as NaF); (c); FV (Duraphat) + PD; and (d) FV + FD. The FV was applied to enamel blocks of groups FV + PD and FV + FD before the pH-cycling regimen, and all of them were submitted to dentifrice during cycling. Surface enamel microhardness was determined on the dental blocks before and after demineralization, and after the pH-cycling regimen. The percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) was calculated. Fluoride in the blocks was also determined, after removing three layers of enamel. The highest values of percentage SMHR were observed for the FD group. The greatest fluoride uptake was found in the FD and FV + FD groups, but the difference between them was not statistically significant. It was found that the frequent use of fluoride dentifrice resulted in greater benefit in enamel surface rehardening, with a similar effect on fluoride uptake, when compared with its combination with a single fluoride varnish application.

Analysis of Variance↗