Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ergometry”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Effects of different types of training on torque/angular velocity relationship. Experimental study by isokinetic ergometry in high-level basketball players].

The purpose of this study was to examine the alterations of the Torque/Angular Velocity relationship in knee extensor and flexor muscles due to a long-term training programme. Thirty five young elite basketball players were tested before, after 12 weeks of a common weight-lifting programme (including concentric and eccentric actions) and after 24 weeks including only concentric (C-E/C group) or concentric and eccentric actions (C-E/C-E group). After 12 weeks, significant decrease in torque of knee extensor muscles was observed. In contrast, significant increases in torque of knee flexor and shoulder flexor and extensor muscles were noted. After 24 weeks, significant increases were noted in torque of all muscular groups, for the C-E/C group but not for the C-E/C-E group. It is concluded that training including concentric and eccentric actions have not the same effect on agonist and antagonist muscular groups. The alternation of the contraction mode influences straingthly the strength restoration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Spiro-ergometry in chronic obstructive lung diseases].

The relationship of ventilatory function (FEV1, RV) with ergospirometric parameters (VO2max, VEmax/MVV) and arterial blood gas changes (delta paO2, delta paCO2) was investigated in 52 COPD patients. After exercise group I patients (n = 32) had better oxygenation (paO2: 62.6 +/- 7.2-->78.2 +/- 11.2 mmHg, P < 0.001), while paO2 in group II (n = 20) deteriorated (60.9 +/- 7.3-->54.1 +/- 5.4 mmHg, p < 0.001). Significant correlation have been found only in group II between FEV1 and VO2max (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and RV and VO2max (r = -0.64, p < 0.01). Of the 41 patients who reached anaerobic threshold (AT), only 8 showed worse paO2 after exercise. Our results suggest that simultaneous observation of metabolic (AT) and respiratory (paO2) parameters during exercise are necessary to select those COPD patients who could have benefit from high intensity regular physical training. Those, who are able to reach AT and paO2 does not deteriorate during exercise are the best candidates for this kind of treatment.

Anaerobic Threshold↗
PubMed1997

[Ergometry separates sleep apnea syndrome from obesity-hypoventilation after therapy positive pressure ventilation therapy].

In contrast to the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is characterized by persistent hypercapnia during the day. After positive pressure ventilation (PPV) patients with OHS the daytime blood gases normalize after a short time. The aim of this study was to investigate whether blood gases at the end of a standardized exercise test separate both OSA and OHS after 3 months of PPV. Fourteen patients with OHS (12 males, 53.2 +/- 9.5 years, BMI: 41.7 +/- 9.6 kg/m2, PCO2: 50.7 +/- 4.5 mmHg) and 28 patients with severe OSA (27 males, 54.5 +/- 8.3 years, BMI: 35.7 +/- 4.9 kg/m2, PCO2: 37.3 +/- 3.3 mmHg) were studied. Blood gases before and after 4 minutes constant load exercise test were measured. The exercise level for patients with OSA was 2/3 of the predicted maximal work load. Since in OHS the load tolerance was compromised, the exercise test was performed at 2/3 of the maximal exercise level which was investigated before. The identical exercise load was done before and 3 months after beginning the PPV. Compared to the OSA-group the load tolerance of the OHS-group was lower (112 +/- 20 Watt [2/3 of predicted maximal work load] versus 81 +/- 26 Watt [39.9 +/- 8.3% of predicted maximal work load], p < 0.0001). Both before and after 3 months of PPV all patients with OHS showed an exercise induced increase of PCO2 (Before PPV: from 50.7 +/- 4.5 to 56.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg; after PPV: from 39.1 +/- 2.7 to 45.6 +/- 2 mmHg, each p < 0.0001). Correspondingly the PCO2 decreased significantly. In OSA neither before nor after 3 months PPV the blood gases changed significantly during the exercise test. We conclude that the OHS associated hypercapnia during exercise is further on a reliable indicator for the diagnosis despite the daytime normocapnia during rest after PPV. However after PPV the PCO2-values of patients with OHS at rest are in the normal range.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1998

[Comparison of gas exchange and hemodynamic variables during 2 types of exercise tests. Cycle-ergometry and the ergometric table].

The development of stress echocardiography on an ergometric table has increased the number of stress tests in the decubitus position, whereas most of the information currently available concerns stress tests in the sitting position or on the treadmill. In order to study the influence of this position of stress testing, the authors compared the results obtained in a series of 15 patients without cardiac disease (Group I) and another series of 15 coronary patients (Group II) undergoing the two types of stress testing, in the vertical position on a bicycle ergometer and in the lateral decubitus position on the ergometric table. Effort tolerance on the bicycle ergometer was significantly greater in terms of work load (202 +/- 35 vs 180 +/- 36 watts (p < 0.001) in the controls, and 120 +/- 32 vs 106 +/- 22 watts (p < 0.05) in the coronary group), of duration of effort (19 +/- 3 vs 16 +/- 3 minutes (p < 0.001) in the controls and 10 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 2 minutes (p < 0.05) in the coronary patients), of heart rate (190 +/- 10 vs 172 +/- 21 beats/min (p < 0.005) in controls and 118 +/- 19 vs 111 +/- 14 beats/min (p < 0.05) in the coronary patients). On the other hand, blood pressure and O2 saturation tended to be greater during exercise in the decubitus position: SBP 200 +/- 23 vs 196 +/- 27 mmHg (NS) in the controls and 158 +/- 21 vs 166 +/- 23 mmHg (NS) in the coronary patients; DBP 97 +/- 10 vs 102 +/- 27 mmHg (NS) in the controls and 85 +/- 6 vs 90 +/- 10 mmHg (NS) in the coronary patients; O2 sat 96.8 +/- 1 vs 97.6 +/- 0.8% (p < 0.05) in the coronary patients. The anaerobic threshold and peak VO2 were much higher during exercise in the sitting position: oxygen consumption at the threshold 14.8 +/- 3.8 vs 12.6 +/- 2.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 (p < 0.01), peak VO2 22.2 +/- 5.9 vs 18.8 +/- 4.7 ml.kg-1.min-1 (p < 0.01) in the coronary patients. The results of this study show that the cardiovascular stimulation obtained in the decubitus position is not identical to that obtained by traditional exercise stress testing, particularly in coronary patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Shortage of chemical fuel as a cause of fatigue: studies by nuclear magnetic resonance and bicycle ergometry.

The technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) is briefly described to illustrate its use for estimating metabolite levels in vivo. Our studies of fatigue in anaerobic frog muscle at 4 degree C are described in relation to (a) force development, (b) speed of relaxation and (c) the switching on and off of glycolysis. Both (a) and (b) are closely related, though in different ways, to the concentrations of key metabolites. In contrast, (c) is not related to metabolite levels as such but to the events of contraction and relaxation. A special n.m.r. technique (saturation transfer) has been used to study the creatine kinase system in vivo. The results show that this system is highly active and is in equilibrium in resting muscle. The free [ADP] is consequently only a small fraction of that found by analysis of muscle extracts. Studies of human power production as a function of duration of exercise also indicate that it is shortage of chemical fuel that brings short- and medium-term exercise (0.1-10 min) to a halt. It is proposed to extend n.m.r. methods to human subjects in the near future. A working hypothesis to account for fatigue is suggested in which both the contractile system and the activating system play a part.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Reproducibility and validity of the quadriceps muscle integrated electromyogram threshold during incremental cycle ergometry.

The principle aims of this research were, firstly, to determine if the relationship between integrated electromyography (iEMG) and exercise intensity was linear or threshold-like, and secondly, to determine if the relationship between iEMG and exercise intensity was repeatable on different test occasions. A group of 20 trained male subjects participated in the study. Each subject completed two incremental exercise tests on a Monark cycle ergometer. The tests were identical and separated from each other by a mean period of 42 (SD 12) h. The EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles at each intensity using surface electrodes. The relationship between iEMG and intensity was shown to be linear (r = 0.95 to r = 0.98) with no obvious iEMG thresholds present. The gradients of simple regression lines fitted to the iEMG compared to intensity were not significantly different on the retest occasion (CV 9%-12%). In summary, the findings of this study indicated that, during incremental exercise, the relationship between iEMG of the quadriceps musculature and exercise intensity was linear and not threshold-like. Furthermore, the linear relationship between iEMG and workload was repeatable on different test occasions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Blood lactate in trained cyclists during cycle ergometry at critical power.

The purposes of this investigation were to determine the validity of critical power (CP) as a measure of the work rate that can be maintained for a very long time without fatigue and to determine whether this corresponded with the maximal lactate steady-state (lass,max). Eight highly trained endurance cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 74.1 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 5.3) completed four cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion at pre-determined work rates (360, 425, 480 and 520 W). From these four co-ordinates of work and time to fatigue the regression of work limit on time limit was calculated for each individual (CP). The cyclists were then asked to exercise at their CP for 30 min. If CP could not be maintained, the resistance was reduced minimally to allow the subject to complete the test and maintain a blood lactate plateau. Capillary blood was sampled at 0,5,10,20 and 30 min into exercise for the analysis of lactate. Six of the eight cyclists were unable to maintain CP for 30 min without fatigue. In these subjects, the mean power attained was 6.4% below that estimated by CP. Mean blood lactates (n = 8) reached a steady-state (8.9 mmol.l-1 SD 1.6) during the last 20 min of exercise indicating that CP slightly overestimated lass,max, Individual blood lactates during the last 20 min of exercise were more closely related to the gamma-intercept of the CP curve (r = 0.78, P less than 0.05) than either CP (0.34, NS) or mean power output (r = 0.42, NS).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Linear increase in optimal pedal rate with increased power output in cycle ergometry.

This experiment was designed to estimate the optimum pedal rates at various power outputs on the cycle ergometer. Five trained bicycle racers performed five progressive maximal tests on the ergometer. Each rode at pedal rates of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 rev X min-1. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were determined from each test and plotted against pedal rate for power outputs of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 W. Both VO2 and heart rate differed significantly among pedal rates at equivalent power outputs, the variation following a parabolic curve. The low point in the curve was taken as the optimal pedal rate; i.e., the pedal rate which elicited the lowest heart rate or VO2 for a given power output. When the optimum was plotted against power output the variation was linear. These results indicate that an optimum pedal rate exists in this group of cyclists. This optimum pedal rate increases with power output, and when our study is compared to studies in which elite racers, or non-racers were used, the optimum seems to increase with the skill of the rider.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of coupling the breathing- and cycling rhythms on oxygen uptake during bicycle ergometry.

The influence of the degree of coupling between the breathing and cycling rhythms (K) on oxygen uptake (Vo2) was examined in 30 volunteers. They cycled on an ergometer with a load equal to 50% of their work capacity 170 in two experimental runs with spontaneous breathing rhythm, and in a further two runs with acoustically triggered breathing. K was continuously ascertained. Vo2 and other respiratory parameters were measured by an automatic "breath-by-breath analysis" system. In 16 subjects, Vo2-differences between runs were correlated with the differences in K. In the majority of these subjects (12), Vo2 decreased significantly with increasing K. In 14 subjects, Vo2-and K-variations within individual runs were analyzed. Phases with higher K were regularly accompanied by a decrease in Vo2. It is concluded that coupling the breathing and cycling rhythms reduces Vo2 for a given moderate work load, although the magnitude of the Vo2-reduction varies considerably between individuals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of physical performance by rectangular-triangular bicycle ergometry and computer-assisted ergospirometry.

A great deal of information about physical adjustment to work can be obtained from quantitative stress testing. Maximal stress limited by symptoms of exertional intolerance is the concept of the 2 min duration work increment test (rectangular-triangular exercise test). Compared to steady-state work tests strict observation of the standardized procedure- and computer assisted evaluation of ergospirometric parameters offer innovatory opportunities: (1) the test is of short duration (8-14 min), (2) the subjects recover rapidly, even from an exhausting test, (3) one is more likely to be able to observe plateauing of VO2, should determination of maximal VO2 be desired, (4) adaptation to increasing work rates and maximal work capacity is assessable, (5) computer technics provide on-line assessment of aerobic and anaerobic power in quantitative terms, (6) measurements proved to be highly reproducible, (7) the relationship between variables such as increments of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, respiratory minute volume, oxygen uptake during the early phase of the non-steady-state condition and the index of anaerobic power, and the influence of factors such as work load and work output, has been studied to derive standard values. Soft-ware programs have been designed to estimate deviation of parameters actually measured from standard values in terms of multiples of the standard deviation of the standard regression line. In particular, evaluating oxygen uptake during short time-intervals (0.5 min) provides information about adequate adaptational forces of the cardio-circulatory system. Energy that is not accounted for by reactions involving the VO2 measured is computed by substracting the caloric equivalent of oxygen uptake during work exceeding the steady-state level during rest from the energy demand to sustain a given work load aerobically. This index of anaerobic power is defined in kcal, cal/kg body wt., and as a percentage of the total amount of energy required (moderately trained athletes 350-500 cal/kg; sedentary people 200-300 cal/kg). A close relationship to parameters of metabolic acidosis (base excess) exists. It is concluded that the physical performance of sedentary people, athletes and patients with impaired cardio-pulmonary function can be more precisely qualified in quantitative terms by means of computer assisted rectangular-triangular ergospirometry. Results obtained in patients with diseased conditions must be carefully interpreted, their condition suggesting the use of more invasive investigations to reveal the pathophysiologic mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The 6 minute walking test: a cost-effective alternative to spiro-ergometry in patients with chronic heart failure?].

In contrast to the often debated NYHA classification, the determination of peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) by cardiopulmonary exercise testing allows an objective assessment of the exercise capacity of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a time consuming and costly diagnostic tool, which requires sophisticated equipment and specially trained personel. Exercise capacity can also be determined by the 6 minute walk test. This test simply measures the distance covered by strong walking on a hallway level within 6 minutes. The 6 minute walk test is a submaximal exercise test, which is associated with much smaller increments in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma catecholamines than cardiopulmonary exercise testing. It is characterized by a very small intraindividual variance. Furthermore, it can be easily performed and, due to low logistic and personal requirements, it is very cost effective. The results of the 6 minute walk test--as well as of cardiopulmonary exercise testing--are influenced by extracardial exercise-limiting disorders, such as pulmonary diseases. Independent from the etiology of CHF, the results of the 6 minute walk test are closely related to peak VO2. In serial exercise testing the distance covered within 6 minutes allow to predict the individual peak VO2. Like peak VO2 the 6 minute walk test has been shown to be a predictor of morbidity and mortality in CHF, with its predictive value being independent from left ventricular ejection fraction and other potential prognostic parameters. In CHF patients a walking distance < 300 m is associated with a one-year-mortality of up to 50%, whereas the one-year-mortality in patients reaching a walking distance > 450 m amounts to only a few percent. In addition, the hospitalization rate of patients reaching a walking distance of < 300 m is several fold higher than in those with a walking distance > or = 450 m. Like cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the 6 minute walk test allows to control the efficiency of specific treatments and to monitor the natural course of the disease. The 6 minute walk test is, thus, a cost effective alternative to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in CHF patients. However, neither the 6 minute walk test alone nor the results of cardiopulmonary exercise testing alone are sufficient for selecting patients, e.g., for cardiac transplantation, as each individual case requires a synopsis of all relevant facts and parameters.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1998

[Value of spiro-ergometry and stress echocardiography on optimized programming of the upper frequency limit of dual chamber cardiac pacemakers].

Patients with a dual chamber pacemaker often suffer from chronic heart failure. The influence of the upper tracking rate on cardiac performance in patients with and without congestive heart failure is unknown. Therefore, twenty patients with a dual chamber pacemaker implanted for high degree AV block were randomly programmed to upper tracking rates of 110, 120, and 130 bpm. Oxygen uptake (VO2), work capacity, and heart rate were determined at the anaerobic threshold (AT) and at peak exercise using spiroergometry every 4 weeks. Nine patients (71 +/- 12 years) had evidence for advanced heart failure (Weber C/D, group I); 11 patients (60 +/- 6 years) had no or only mild heart failure (Weber A/B, group II). Patients in group II achieved a higher mean VO2-AT at 130 bpm (17.3 +/- 3.9 ml/min/kg) than at 110 bpm (13.7 +/- 4.0 ml/min/kg; p = 0.001). Maximum oxygen uptake and work capacity at the anaerobic threshold were also significantly higher in group II with an upper tracking rate of 130 bpm than at 110 bpm (20.5 +/- 4.5 ml/min/kg vs. 18.2 +/- 5.3 ml/min/kg, p = 0.031, and 98 +/- 29 W vs. 86 +/- 27 W, p = 0.04). In group I, mean oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2-AT) was higher at 110 bpm (11.1 +/- 4.0 ml/min/kg) than at 130 bpm, although of only borderline statistical significance (9.2 +/- 2.6 ml/min/kg; p = 0.052). In group I a higher upper rate decreased VO2-AT by 24%, whereas in group II the higher upper rate improved aerobic capacity by 26%. Stressechocardiography (VVI pacing with a maximum tracking rate of 130 bpm) revealed new wall motion abnormalities in all patients of group I, but only in one patient of group II. Wall motion score index increased from 1.20 +/- 0.24 at rest to 1.54 +/- 0.28 under stress (p < 0.001) in group I, but not in group II (1.00 +/- 0 vs. 1.06 +/- 0.19; p = n.s.). Thus, carriers of dual-chamber pacemakers with no or mild heart failure (Weber A/B) benefit from higher programmed upper rates. In contrast, patients with more advanced heart failure (Weber C/D) improve aerobic capacity with lower programmed upper rates. This may be caused by exercise-induced ischemia in group I as indicated by stressechocardiography.

Aged↗