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Results for “Environmental monitoring”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring.

Four of every five multicellular animals on the planet are nematodes. They occupy any niche that provides an available source of organic carbon in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Nematodes vary in sensitivity to pollutants and environmental disturbance. Recent development of indices that integrate the responses of different taxa and trophic groups to perturbation provides a powerful basis for analysis of faunal assemblages in soil as in situ environmental assessment systems.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethylene oxide environmental monitoring in a health care facility.

Adequate monitoring of ethylene oxide concentrations in the workplace is essential for employee safety. Three methods of monitoring EO levels--personnel monitoring, infrared spectrometry, and continuous gas monitoring--were evaluated for use in a hospital central sterile reprocessing department. The continuous gas monitor was found to be a cost-effective, comprehensive system for monitoring ambient EO levels.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2003

Single-wall carbon nanotube interaction with gases: sample contaminants and environmental monitoring.

Here, we show that residual contaminants in purified single-wall carbon nanotube bundles may be responsible for the reported sensitivity of the electronic and transport properties to oxygen. Removal of these contaminants makes the electronic spectra insensitive to O(2), CO, H(2)O, and N(2), while a strong sensitivity to NO(2), SO(2), and NH(3) is observed, confirming the possible application of single-wall nanotubes as powerful sensors capable of measuring environmentally significant levels of toxic gases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Remote environmental monitoring.

Distance methods extend the possibilities of investigating the quality of environment. Laser-radar location permits the control of spread of atmospheric pollution. The accuracy of measurements of the individual ingredients is superior to MAC. More complex information on the qualitative state of all natural media can be obtained from photographs taken from space, but quantitative evaluation of contamination on the basis of cosmic photographs still presents difficulties.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1994

Use of sentinel pigs to monitor environmental Taenia solium contamination. The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (CWG).

We tested a novel approach to assay Taenia solium prevalence using the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay in sentinel piglets to determine environmental contamination with T. solium eggs in a disease-endemic zone in Peru. Twelve sentinel piglets from an area where the disease is not present were tested at two months of age, moved to an area where the disease is endemic, and retested at the of age nine months. Sentinel piglets native from this T. solium-endemic area were also tested concurrently at two and nine months of age. Of the non-native pigs, 33% (4 of 12) acquired new infection. Of the 28 native pigs tested, 64% (18 of 28) acquired the infection. In a subset of the native piglets from seronegative sows, 44% (4 of 9) were infected at five months of age. Serodiagnosis of sentinel piglets is a practical method to detect T. solium eggs in the environment. Furthermore, it permits indirect assessment of human risk, which may be useful for monitoring the efficacy of intervention programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

DNA strand breakage in aquatic organisms and the potential value of the comet assay in environmental monitoring.

This review considers the potential for DNA strand breaks, particularly as measured by the comet assay, to act as a biomarker of genetic toxicity in fish and other aquatic species. The background need for such biomarkers is introduced in relation to carcinogenicity, reproductive effects and other adverse effects of pollution. Sensitive measurements of DNA strand breakage can be achieved, e.g., by alkaline elution, alkaline unwinding or by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) techniques. The DNA damage can be a reflection, not only of direct strand breakage, but also of alkali-labile sites and of repair enzyme-mediated breakage (i.e., is non-specific). A range of genotoxic chemicals (both with and without the requirement for metabolic activation) give positive effects in various cell types of vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic species, following in vitro and in vivo exposures under laboratory conditions. A limited number of analyses of organisms exposed to polluted waters or sediments in the field have implicated DNA strand breakage as a relatively sensitive, rapid and broad specificity indicator of genotoxic pollutant exposure. The comet assay deserves further exploitation to assess inter-individual and inter-cell variability in response to pollutants and naturally occurring genotoxic stimuli, and to assess the persistence of these effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometric analysis of oxygenated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines in egg tempera paint dosimeters used for environmental monitoring of museum display conditions.

Oxidative changes in triacylglycerols and diacylphosphatidylcholines in egg tempera paint strips are used for chemical dosimetry of the quality of the museum environment. High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) was used as a rapid method for the determination of the exact elemental composition of the alteration products from diacylphosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols. Light exposure of the egg tempera paints yields oxygenated diacylphosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols. In the latter multiple incorporation of oxygen was observed as a recurring mass difference of 15.995, the exact atomic mass of oxygen. Owing to the high resolution of the FTMS data (routinely 20 000 at m/z 1000 in broadband mode), oxidation products with different elemental compositions but identical nominal mass could be distinguished. Products of oxidative cleavage of triacylglycerols were observed in samples exposed for longer times. The relative intensities of the peaks of singly and multiply oxygenated triacylglycerols were used to derive the degree of oxygenation of the egg lipids in the tempera paint dosimeters. The degree of oxygenation was found to be directly related to the light exposure time. Exposure to elevated temperature (60 degrees C) for a period of 21 days did not lead to oxygenation of the triacylglycerols and diacylphosphatidylcholines. Exposure to NO(x) and SO(2) in the dark greatly increased the degree of oxygenation. Addition of lead- or copper-containing pigments to the egg binding medium (and subsequent storage for 6 months in the dark) led to accelerated conversion of egg lipids to oxidised products.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

The feasibility of using lead in hair concentration in monitoring environmental exposure in children.

The feasibility of lead in hair as an indicator of lead exposure has been compared to that of lead in blood and zinc protoporphyrin in blood levels in 1--3-year-old children living within 1 km of a lead smelter. Lead exposure was measured as lead in house dust, outdoor and indoor lead in air concentrations, outdoor and indoor lead depositions, and subjective assessment of indoor dustiness. Lead in blood ranged from 51-353 microgram/l and lead in hair from 0.8-114 microgram/g. It can be concluded that within the range of environmental exposure studied, and for the age group concerned, measurement of lead in blood and of the zinc protoporphyrin in blood levels appear to be better biological parameters to assess both total environmental exposure and health risk than measurement of lead in hair level alone.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

The potential of arsenic speciation in molluscs for environmental monitoring.

This paper reports the assessment of total arsenic and six arsenic species (As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, AsBet, AsCol) as contaminants of mussel samples collected around the island of Sardinia and in the Gulf of Venice. The samples were analysed using cation- and anion-exchange HPLC-HG-AFS for speciation and ICP-AES for the total As determination. To ensure the robustness of the routine analytical method, the technique was validated using a candidate reference material, BCR-710, and good agreement was obtained. It was recognised that higher total arsenic concentration in mussels does not necessarily result in higher toxicity of mussel samples.

Journal Article↗