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PubMed1991

[Effects of eugenol and derivatives on Biomphalaria glabrata].

Biomphalaria glabrata snails and egg-masses were exposed, for six to twenty-four hours to concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm of Eugenol, O-methyleugenol, O-benzyleugenol and dehydrodieugenol. Only at 10 ppm O-benzyleugenol enhanced mortality of snails and egg-masses. The other substances showed ovicidal and molluscicidal activity only at 100 and 1000 ppm concentrations, causing a significant cardiac frequency reduction in snails after 6 to 24 hours of exposure as well as perduring low cardiac rates until 24 hours afterwards. Two specimen exposed to 100 ppm O-methyleugenol presented anesthetic effect and extrusion of copulator and urethral organs. No schistosomicide or anesthetic effects were observed in mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni and treated during 5 days with oral doses of 150 mg/kg of Eugenol, O-methyleugenol and O-benzyleugenol.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Pulpal tissue changes following pulpotomies with formocresol, glutaraldehyde-calcium hydroxide, glutaraldehyde-zinc oxide eugenol pastes in primary teeth.

Pulpal tissue changes following pulpotomies with formocresol, glutaraldehyde-calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde-zinc oxide eugenol pastes in primary teeth were investigated for a period of 12 months. Compared with the other groups, clinical, radiographic and histologic examinations revealed glutaraldehyde-zinc oxide eugenol combination had a higher success rate.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1987

Are there local room effects on hepatic tumors in male mice? An examination of the NTP eugenol study.

The NTP mouse bioassay on eugenol shows an increase in proliferative hepatic tumors, primarily carcinoma, in the low-dose males, but not the high dose. Examination of the data indicates that the increase in hepatic tumors is concentrated in the first 5 of the 10 contiguous cages on this low dose. Since cages were located systematically, the increase in tumors at the low dose appears to be due to some local room effect and not eugenol treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of tumour promotion in mice by eugenol.

Number of tumours (papillomas) produced by the application of 7,12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene as initiator and croton oil promoter in mice were considerably inhibited (84%) by the prior application of eugenol. Moreover, there was considerable decrease in the number of tumour bearing animals and their onset. Eugenol inhibited superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation and the radical scavenging activity may be responsible for its chemopreventive action.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of formocresol alone vs. formocresol with eugenol on macrophage adhesion to plastic surfaces.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the in-vitro effects of a European-based formocresol formulation that incorporates eugenol with formocresol alone on the adhesion of macrophages to plastic surfaces. METHODS: Macrophages were obtained from Wistar rats. The adherence capacity of macrophages to a plastic surface was determined. Assays were carried out in Eppendorf tubes incubated for 15 min at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The adherence index was calculated. RESULTS: Results showed that both formocresol/eugenol and formocresol alone significantly decreased the adherence index of macrophages. The formocresol formulation that incorporated eugenol was more potent in inhibiting macrophage adhesion than formocresol alone. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account that adherence to a substrate is the first step in the phagocytic process of macrophages and in antigen presentation, both formocresol formulations could inhibit macrophage function and modulate immune and inflammatory responses in dental pulp and periapical tissues.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2026

Eugenol-Derived Cytoprotective Action Against Dityrosine-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice Liver via Akt/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway.

Dityrosine (Dityr), a byproduct of protein oxidation in protein-rich food, induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, jeopardizing human health. Eugenol (EUG), a natural compound with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, was investigated for its protective effects against Dityr-induced hepatotoxicity in this work. In this study, in vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrated EUG's protective effects against Dityr-induced hepatotoxicity. EUG significantly attenuated oxidative stress markers, inflammatory infiltration, fibrotic progression, and apoptotic signaling in mice liver tissues. Mechanistically, EUG activated the Akt/NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Akt/Nrf2/ARE) pathway, enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In HepG2 cells, EUG treatment effectively counteracted Dityr-induced ROS overproduction and cell death through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant upregulation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EUG effectively mitigates Dityr-induced oxidative stress via the Akt/Nrf2/ARE pathway, and this antioxidative impact further inhibits inflammation and apoptosis. These effects ultimately ameliorate liver function impairment caused by Dityr.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute allergic reaction to eugenol.

Eugenol has been widely used in the dental profession. It is an effective material that is incorporated into many dental products. Contact dermatitis due to this chemical is not unusual. However, true serious allergic reactions are extremely rare. This paper reports on such a case. Careful assessment of patients and of their dental and medical history is necessary to avoid disaster in the office.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed1994

Influence of dentine on the pulpward release of eugenol or acids from restorative materials.

The diffusion gradient which develops across dentine and the clearance into the capillary circulation at the pulpal side of the tissue both reduce the concentration of potential toxins applied to dentine, thus protecting pulpal cells. The data presented on eugenol indicates that when release of a potential toxin from a solid material is hydrolytic the limited wetness of dentine, i.e. the limited availability of water for hydrolysis, contributes to the protective effect of the tissue. The data on strong acids indicates that a third protective mechanism, buffering by hydroxyapatite, can contribute to dentine's protective effect in situations where the potential toxin is strongly acid. There may be other mechanisms by which dentine protects the pulp against chemical toxins from restorative materials. However, the three described: diffusion limitation; limited wetness for hydrolysis; and buffering by dentinal hydroxyapatite, appear to allow the relatively safe use of a wide range of tooth restorative materials.

Acids↗
PubMed1998

Histological evaluation of the response of apical tissues to glass ionomer and zinc oxide-eugenol based sealers in dog teeth after root canal treatment.

The object of the study was to compare two commercial root canal sealers: Ketac-Endo (a glass ionomer cement) and Fill Canal (a zinc oxide-eugenol cement). A total of 34 root canals from dog premolars with vital pulps were used. After instrumentation, the root canals were sealed with Ketac-Endo and Fill Canal cements using gutta-percha and a lateral condensation technique. After 270 days the animals were sacrificed with an anesthetic overdose and the maxillae and mandibles were removed and fixed in formalin for 48 h. After routine histological processing the sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory trichrome stains. Microscopic analysis revealed that Ketac-Endo cement presented better results than Fill Canal cement.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Zinc oxide eugenol cements. V. Instrumental studies of the catalysis and acceleration of the setting reaction.

Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cements were prepared by mixing powders of widely differing reactivity with a variety of liquid formulations. The course of the setting reaction was followed by penetrometer, rheological and electrical techniques. Small amounts of water, organic acids, and the reactivity of water, organic acids, and the reactivity of the zinc oxide all have a profound influence on the setting characteristics of cement pastes.

Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cements and eugenol on properties of a visible light-cured composite.

An in vitro study evaluated the effects of barrier materials on mechanical properties of a visible light-cured composite restorative. The composite was cured and aged over a widely used cavity liner (Dycal), various cements (Fleck's, Durelon, Vitrabond, ZOE B & T) and free eugenol and tested at seven and 28 days. The properties of interest were tensile stress (strength) at rupture, compressive strain (deformation at rupture), and stress-strain ratio at rupture. The experiment indicated that underlying barrier materials exerted neither a beneficial nor an adverse effect upon the restorative's ability to withstand compressive strain and tensile stress (P < 0.05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

13C-CPMAS and 1H-NMR study of the inclusion complexes of beta-cyclodextrin with carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion complexes with carvacrol (1), thymol (2), and eugenol (3) (components of essential oils of vegetable origin) were prepared by the supercritical CO2 technique, and their structural characterization was achieved by means of 1H-NMR in aqueous solution and 13C-CPMAS NMR in the solid state. Evidence of the formation of the inclusion complexes for all the examined systems was obtained by 1H-NMR in solution, while 2D-ROESY-NMR experiments were used to investigate the geometry of inclusion. In addition, the dynamics of these inclusion complexes in the kHz timescale was investigated by analysis of the 1H and 13C spin-lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of the genotoxicity of resin and zinc-oxide eugenol-based root canal sealers using an in vitro mammalian test system.

Endodontic sealers frequently are placed in direct contact with living tissues. Thus root canal sealers should have good biocompatibility. However, the pathobiologic effects, especially genotoxicity, of various root canal sealers widely used in dentistry have not been studied systematically on eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was to examine the genotoxic potential of resin and zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealers using a mammalian test system. In this study, tetrazolium bromide reduction assay, DNA precipitation assay, and DNA fragmentation analysis were performed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of four different root canal sealers on cultured V79 cells. The results show that all the root canal sealers tested are cytotoxic to V79 cells. The toxicity decreased in the order of N2 > AH26 > AHplus > Canals. In addition, N2, AH26, and AHplus exhibited genotoxicity by causing DNA single-strand breaks and digestion of genomic DNA. However, N2 is the most toxic root canal sealer among those tested. Taken together, these findings suggest that the sealers evaluated in this study show different toxic effects depending on the types and components. Root canal sealers containing formaldehyde and bisphenol A diglyether proved to be not only cytotoxic but also genotoxic. This mammalian test system might be used routinely for evaluation of the genotoxicity of dental materials in future investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Rectal gland of Bactrocera papayae: ultrastructure, anatomy, and sequestration of autofluorescent compounds upon methyl eugenol consumption by the male fruit fly.

Sexually mature males of Bactrocera papayae are strongly attracted to and consume methyl eugenol (ME). Upon consumption, ME is biotransformed to two phenylpropanoids, 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (CF), that are transported in the hemolymph, sequestered and stored in the rectal glands, and subsequently released as sex and aggregation pheromones during courtship. To date, very little work on the ultrastructure and anatomy of the rectal gland has been done, and the accumulation of phenylpropanoids in the rectal glands of males has not been observed visually. Our objectives are to describe the anatomy and fine structures of the rectal glands of males and females and to observe the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds in the rectal glands of males. The rectal glands of males and females have four rectal papillae with each papilla attached to a rectal pad. The rectal pads protrude from the rectal gland as the only surfaces of the gland that are not surrounded by muscles. The rectal papillae of ME-fed males had oil droplets and autofluorescent compounds that were absent from those of ME-deprived males. The autofluorescent compounds accumulated in the rectal sac, which is an evagination that is not found in rectal glands of females. The accumulation of these compounds increased with time and reached maximum at a day post-ME feeding and decreased thereafter. This trend is similar to the accumulation pattern of phenylpropanoids, CF and DMP in the rectal gland.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Consumption and metabolism of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene, a fluorine analog of methyl eugenol, in the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

Methyl eugenol (ME) is a natural phenylpropanoid highly attractive to oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) males. The flies eagerly feed on ME and produce hydroxylated metabolites with both pheromonal and allomonal functions. Side-chain metabolic activation of ME has long been recognized as a primary reason for hepatocarcinogenicity of this compound on rodents. In an attempt to develop a safer alternative to ME for fruit fly management, we developed a fluorine analog 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene (I), which, in earlier field tests, was as active to the oriental fruit fly as ME. Now we report that B. dorsalis males are not only attracted to, but also eagerly consume (up to approximately 1 mg/insect) compound I, thus recognizing this fluorinated benzene as a close kin of the natural ME. The flies metabolized the fluorine analog I in a similar fashion producing mostly two hydroxylated products, 2-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (II) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (III), which they stored in rectal glands. However, the introduction of the fluorine atom at the terminal carbon atom of the double bond favors the ring hydroxylation over a side-chain metabolic oxidation pathway, by which coniferyl alcohol is produced. It also appears that fluorination overall impedes the metabolism: at high feed rate (10 mul per 10 males), the flies consumed in total more fluorine analog I than ME but were unable to metabolize it as efficiently as ME.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward eugenol, using a gas chromatographic method of measurement.

A method for the assay of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward some phenolic compounds and monoterpenoid alcohols is described. The method is based on the disappearance of the free substrate after incubation with microsomes and UDP-glucuronate. This disappearance is recorded using a gas chromatographic process. This method has been used, for example, to characterize the glucuronidation process of eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol). The method could be extended to other substrates. Analytical conditions are given for some of them, especially monoterpenoid alcohols since the studies of their conjugations are a growing field of interest in evaluation of heterogeneity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. The method could also be used with other biological materials including cell suspension and crude liver biopsies.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Potassium nitrate-zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement for provisional crowns to diminish postpreparation tooth pain.

Pulpal injury commonly occurs with tooth preparation for complete fixed partial dentures. This can be documented by the substantial incidence of pain after tooth preparation. In this study, a 4% potassium nitrate-zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement was used to secure provisional crowns over recently prepared teeth and it significantly reduced the incidence and severity of pain after tooth preparation and impression taking.

Adult↗