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PubMed2006

Genetic correlation between heifer pregnancy and scrotal circumference measured at 15 and 18 months of age in Nellore cattle.

Data of pregnancy diagnosis from 24,945 Nellore heifers, raised under tropical conditions in Brazil and exposed to breeding at about 14 months of age, were analyzed simultaneously with 13,742 (analysis 1), 36,091 (analysis 2), 8,405 (analysis 3), and 8,405 (analysis 4) scrotal circumference (SC) records of contemporary young bulls in order to estimate heritability (h(2)) for yearling heifer pregnancy (HP) and for SC measured at around 15 (SC15) and 18 (SC18) months of age and to estimate genetic correlation between HP and SC15 (SC18). Heifer pregnancy was considered as a categorical trait, with the value 1 (success) assigned to heifers that were detected as pregnant by rectal palpation approximately 60 days after the end of a 90-day breeding season and the value 0 (failure) otherwise. In analyses 1 and 3, SC was measured at around 15 months of age and in analysis 2 and 4 it was measured at around 18 months of age. Only 8,848 animals from datasets 1 and 2 were common in both files, which means the same animals measured at different ages. Datasets used in analyses 3 and 4 included the same animals, measured at 15 and at 18 months of age, respectively. Heritability estimates for HP were similar in all analyses, with values ranging from 0.66 +/- 0.08 to 0.67 +/- 0.008. For SC15, the estimates were 0.57 +/- 0.05 in analysis 1 and 0.60 +/- 0.07 in analysis 3. For SC18, the estimates were 0.53 +/- 0.03 in analysis 2 and 0.64 +/- 0.06 in analysis 4. The estimates of genetic correlation between HP and SC15 were 0.15 +/- 0.10 in analysis 1 and 0.11 +/- 0.11 in analysis 3. For the correlation between HP and SC18, the values were 0.27 +/- 0.10 in analysis 2 and 0.16 +/- 0.11 in analysis 4. Based on standard errors and confidence intervals, the best heritability and genetic correlation estimates were obtained from analysis 2, which included more data and a better pedigree structure. Pearson correlation between HP and SC breeding values was similar to the genetic correlation estimates obtained from two-trait models, when all animals in the pedigree file were considered for its calculation. If only sires were considered for the calculation, Pearson correlation was higher but the pattern was the same as from two-trait analyses. The high heritability estimates obtained in the present study confirm that expected progeny difference (EPD) for HP can be used to select bulls for the production of precocious daughters and that the low genetic correlation between SC and HP indicates a greater efficacy of selection based on heifer pregnancy EPD than of selection based on scrotal circumference EPD. The results of the present study, although not conclusive, indicate that SC measured at around SC18 would have a higher genetic correlation with HP than would SC measured at around SC15.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fine structure and seasonal changes in the constant electrical field in man].

Fine structure of distribution of electric potential difference (EPD) in human skin of some points on arms, body and face relative to a referent point on the neck was investigated. Diurnal variations of EPD fine structure for individuals and seasonal differences expressed in an increase of the amplitude of variations and shift of EPD mean values to the positive region in winter as compared with summer were observed. The indicated peculiarities are connected with external factors and reflect changes of metabolic activity of organism living activity processes.

Electricity↗
PubMed1995

Postnatal depression: a Christchurch study.

AIMS: The aims of the study were to enquire into the incidence of postnatal depression (PND) and factors associated with it, in a New Zealand population. METHODS: A wide ranging postal questionnaire, which included the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), was administered to a sample of 1330 women 6-9 months after the birth of their babies at Christchurch Women's Hospital, in 1991/2. RESULTS: Measured on the EPDS, 80% of the women were not depressed, 7% were at a threshold level of depression and 13% were more severely depressed. Only 6% recognised their symptoms as depression. The factors having the greatest association with high depression scores were: depressive symptoms before and during the pregnancy; serious deterioration in the partner relationship after the birth; decreased energy, confidence and happiness levels after the pregnancy; moderate or severe premenstrual tension prepregnancy; frequent nausea in later pregnancy; low education and low income. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal depression appears to be more widespread than is generally realised. The findings suggest that, at the time of postnatal checks on the baby, greater use could be made of the EPDS to increase confidence in a diagnosis of depression. Involvement of male partners in the treatment process is highly desirable.

Depression↗
PubMed1995

The detection of postnatal depression in general practice using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale.

AIM: To determine how many women with postnatal depression were detected with the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale at the 6 week postnatal examination. METHOD: One hundred and twenty-one women attending this general practice for their six week postnatal examination completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS); a score of greater than 12.5 was used to predict the likelihood of postnatal depression. Postnatal depression was defined as a major depressive illness according to the DSM III criteria, occurring in the 12 months following delivery. RESULTS: Seven women had postnatal depression and six of these women scored over 12.5 with the EPDS. Eight women had other depressive disorders (depressive disorders that did not reach DSM III criteria) and five of these scored over 12.5. Those scoring over 12.5 had a 64% risk of having some form of depressive disorder. Those scoring under 12.5 had only a 4% risk of postnatal depressive disorder. (1% risk of postnatal depression and 3% risk of other depression). CONCLUSION: The EPDS is an easily completed and well accepted 5 minute questionnaire which reliably identified most women with postnatal depression and other depressive disorders in this general practice.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1997

Analyses of prognostic factors in a retrospective review of 92 children with ependymoma: Italian Pediatric Neuro-oncology Group.

The principal aim of this report is to present the results of multivariate analyses conducted to identify clinical prognostic factors in 92 children aged < 16 years with ependymoma (EPD) retrospectively collected in seven Italian centres. They were treated over a 16-year period (1977-1993). Treatment modalities varied. Surgery and radiotherapy (RT) was the "gold standard" management method for the majority of these children. Only in the late 1980s did some of them receive chemotherapy (CT), mainly with vincristine, lomustine (CCNU) and prednisone. The median follow-up of the entire study population is 36 months (average 43 months; range 12 to 214 months). The 10-year overall (OS) and the progression-free survival (PFS) of the study population were 55.5% (CI 41.4-69.4%) and 34.7% (CI 21.4-47.8%), respectively. Age (< 5 years; > 5 years), sex, site (infratentorial vs. supratentorial), histology (anaplastic/malignant vs. non-anaplastic/non-malignant), type of resection (complete vs. incomplete); use and fields of RT, and of CT employed were entered in a multivariate regression model to test their impact on OS and PFS. On univariate analysis, radical surgery, the use of RT and age more than 5 years at the time of diagnosis achieved statistically significant values for predicting long-term OS and PFS. Histology reached marginal statistical significance but only for PFS. When those variables were entered in a multivariate analysis only radical resection (P = 0.00142 and 0.0001) resulted a significant factor for predicting long-term OS and PFS, while the use of RT reached a marginal statistical significance, but only for PFS (P = 0.05). Children who had the tumour completely resected did significantly better than all the others who had less than a complete resection, with a 10-year OS and PFS for the two groups of patients of 69.8% (CI 53-86.5%) and 57.2% (CI 40.3-75%) and of 32.5% (CI 8.5-57.6%) and 11.1% (0-24.4%), respectively. These findings suggest that, for childhood EPD, radical resection should be pursued as much as reasonably possible. Thus, it seems justified proposing for future trials, patient stratification by entity of surgical resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Self-assembly and two-dimensional patterning of cell arrays by electrophoretic deposition.

Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a demonstration system, we present a method to form two-dimensional, patternable cellular arrays. The method does not require surface chemical templating of the substratum to produce arrays or patterns. By virtue of their colloidal characteristics, S. cerevisiae cells may be induced to form dense, quasi-ordered two-dimensional clusters adjacent to an electrode surface by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Using ac EPD, dense two-dimensional cell clusters may be formed in minutes from extremely dilute cell suspensions. The arrays may be induced to form geometric patterns by focusing the electric field during deposition. These monolayer arrays are reversible, dissipating by diffusion on removal of the electric field, and are not in adhesive contact with the electrode surface. Brief application of a modest dc current density adheres the arrays tightly to the surface.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed2006

Thermal stability of adenovirus type 2 as a function of pH.

Although several recent studies have focused on the characterization and formulation of adenovirus type 5, similar efforts focusing on adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) have been lacking. To this end, multiple biophysical techniques were employed to investigate the thermal stability of Ad2 as a function of pH. Highly cooperative thermally induced changes in capsid conformation were detected near 45 and 65 degrees C under neutral conditions. The first transition is attributed to the loss of the penton bases and their associated fibers followed by more complete physical degradation at higher temperatures. Data in this work as well as previous studies suggest that a common mechanism of icosahedral virus thermal degradation exists. Conformational changes detected in these studies occurred at increasingly higher temperatures with decreasing pH from 8 to 5 suggesting that the physical stability of Ad2 is enhanced under mildly acidic conditions. To consolidate the data generated in these studies, a multi-dimensional Eigenvector approach was employed to generate an empirical phase diagram (EPD) of Ad2. The EPD identifies conditions, or "phase boundaries," where structural integrity is altered, in addition to providing a tool that can be used to identify conditions under which forced degradation and excipient-screening studies can be conducted.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2000

Mapping RNA-protein interactions in ribonuclease P from Escherichia coli using disulfide-linked EDTA-Fe.

The protein subunit of Escherichia coli ribonuclease P (which has a cysteine residue at position 113) and its single cysteine-substituted mutant derivatives (S16C/C113S, K54C/C113S and K66C/C113S) have been modified using a sulfhydryl-specific iron complex of EDTA-2- aminoethyl 2-pyridyl disulfide (EPD-Fe). This reaction converts C5 protein, or its single cysteine-substituted mutant derivatives, into chemical nucleases which are capable of cleaving the cognate RNA ligand, M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of E. coli RNase P, in the presence of ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide. Cleavages in M1 RNA are expected to occur at positions proximal to the site of contact between the modified residue (in C5 protein) and the ribose units in M1 RNA. When EPD-Fe was used to modify residue Cys16 in C5 protein, hydroxyl radical-mediated cleavages occurred predominantly in the P3 helix of M1 RNA present in the reconstituted holoenzyme. C5 Cys54-EDTA-Fe produced cleavages on the 5' strand of the P4 pseudoknot of M1 RNA, while the cleavages promoted by C5 Cys66-EDTA-Fe were in the loop connecting helices P18 and P2 (J18/2) and the loop (J2/4) preceding the 3' strand of the P4 pseudoknot. However, hydroxyl radical-mediated cleavages in M1 RNA were not evident with Cys113-EDTA-Fe, perhaps indicative of Cys113 being distal from the RNA-protein interface in the RNase P holoenzyme. Our directed hydroxyl radical-mediated footprinting experiments indicate that conserved residues in the RNA and protein subunit of the RNase-P holoenzyme are adjacent to each other and provide structural information essential for understanding the assembly of RNase P.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

The clinical, morphologic, and molecular changes in the ileum associated with early postnatal dexamethasone administration: from the baby's bowel to the researcher's bench.

Focal small bowel perforation (FSBP) is a life-threatening event that predominantly affects extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Histopathology from surgical specimens of ileum with FSBP shows a healthy mucosa overlying a thinned muscularis with segmental degeneration. Clinical data strongly support an association between early postnatal administration of dexamethasone (EPD) and FSBP. Additional risk factors, including gestational age, administration of prophylactic indomethacin, and severity of illness, may be synergistic with EPD for the pathogenesis of perforations. Animal models of dexamethasone administration show morphologic changes in the ileum, similar to those seen in ELBW infants, including increased mucosal maturation and thinning of the muscularis. These tissue-specific differences may be mediated by a perturbation in growth factor expression or accumulation. In support of this hypothesis, dexamethasone has been associated with increased IGF-I immunolocalization in the mucosa and decreased immunolocalization in the muscularis. The known growth-promoting functions of IGF-I are consistent with the observed dexamethasone-associated changes within both the mucosa and the muscularis. Ongoing studies in this animal model are exploring the potential mechanisms by which dexamethasone might affect IGF-I availability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Function and regulation of the avian caecal bulb: influence of dietary NaCl and aldosterone on water and electrolyte fluxes in the hen (Gallus domesticus) perfused in vivo.

The function of the caecal bulb, and its adaptation to chronic high- or low-Na+ intake, was investigated by in vivo perfusion of anaesthetised birds. Effects of acute aldosterone injection (125 micrograms.kg-1 body mass) were also measured. Evidence was found for primary active net absorption of Na+, inducing parallel Na-linked absorption of water and Cl- and secretion of K+. Around 20-35% of total Cl- absorption and K+ secretion were independent of Na+ fluxes, and these components appear to be driven by passive processes with apparent conductances of 6.3 X 10(-3) (GCl) and 1.1 X 10(-3) (GK) S.cm-2. Acetate (40 mM) stimulated Na+ fluxes (8.5-9.9 microEq.cm-2.h-1) and Na-linked water fluxes (27-44 microliters.cm-2.h-1). Increased coupling ratios (2.9-4.6 microliters.microEq-1) and other data indicate that these effects may be due to increased osmotic permeabilities of barriers involved in the Na-linked water transfer pathway. Low-Na+ maintenance enhanced EPD (49-69 mV, serosa positive) and all net fluxes: JNa (6.8-11.6); JK (-3.2--4.3); JCl (4.3-5.6 microEq.cm serosal area-2.h-1); Jv (28-43 microliters.cm-2.h-1) (mucosal-serosal fluxes positive). Acute aldosterone enhanced JNa (10.8-14.0 microEq.cm-2.h-1) and EPD (54-66 mV) by 3 h after injection, but had no effect on the Na-linked components of JK or JCl.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1994

Scale for assessing quality of life of children survivors of cranial posterior fossa tumors.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of quality of life of survivors of brain tumors is an important aspect of outcome that must be included in clinical studies. METHODS: We have developed a new scale for assessing quality of life (QL) of pediatric long-term survivors of posterior fossa tumors based on their physical, psychointellectual, and endocrine/growth status. We have studied 39 patients, with a median follow-up of 9 years. Twenty-five had cerebellar astrocytoma (CA), 6 medulloblastoma (MDB), 5 brain-stem glioma (BSG) and 3 ependymoma of IV ventricle (EPD). RESULTS: Sixty-six percent of children showed neurologic and/or visual sequelae. Little or no significant disability (Bloom's levels I-II) were present in 66%. Psychointellectual dysfunction was present in 44%, with an IQ < 90 in 39%. Endocrine and growth disorders were found in 26%, mostly stature anomalies. According to our scale, QL scores were high in 19 patients (49%), intermediate in 8 (20%), and low in the remaining 12 (31%). Unfavourable outcomes were related to age of less than 4 years, tumors other than CA (MDB, BSG, EPD), incomplete tumoral resection, and employment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our results are comparable to others previously reported, and this supports the validity of our scale. We consider that this scale is applicable to evaluate QL of children survivors of cranial tumors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Ruthenium and ruthenium dioxide-modified graphite-ethylene/ propylene/diene and graphite-teflon composite electrodes as amperometric flow detectors. Application to the determination of methionine.

The flow injection amperometric performance of solid composite graphite electrodes with ethylene/propylene/diene (EPD) or Teflon as binding agents, and with Ru or RuO2 particles as electrocatalytic modifiers has been compared. Both, Ru and RuO2 modified electrodes exhibited electrocatalytic properties on the methionine oxidation process in alkaline media. The electrodes composition and the hydrodynamic and chemical variables were optimized. Graphite-EPD (GEPD) electrodes showed a better analytical performance than graphite-Teflon (GPTFE) electrodes. Furthermore, a better sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility was observed for RuO2-GEPD electrodes when compared with Ru-GEPD electrodes. At an applied potential of +0.50 V, a detection limit for methionine of 4.8x10(-5) mol L(-1), similar to those reported in the literature for other RuO2-modified electrodes, was obtained. The analytical applicability of RuO2-GEPD electrodes was demonstrated by determining methionine in a complex pharmaceutical formulation.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed2000

Gonadal steroids and bone metabolism in young castrated male rats.

At 45 days of age, 40 male Wistar rats were castrated, then randomly divided into four groups, S.C. injected for 60 days after surgery either with 17beta-estradiol (E) 10 microg/kg BW/48 hours, progesterone (P) 140 microg/kg BW/48 hours, dihydrotestosterone (D) 2 microg/kg BW/48 hours, E + P + D same doses, or solvent alone (CX). Ten other rats were sham-operated (SH) and used as controls. Animals were put in balance to determine Ca and phosphorus (Pi) intestinal apparent absorption (IA Ca, IA Pi) and urinary pyridinium crosslinks excretion. Plasma was collected for measurement of intact-parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D), Ca, and Pi. Orchidectomy induced marked seminal vesicles atrophy and increased plasma CT, PTH, and Ca concentrations. IA Ca was significantly higher in P rats, however, neither castration nor any other treatment had significant effects. Orchidectomy decreased femoral length, dry weight, and Ca content, whereas E or D given alone or together with P improved endochondral growth and enhanced femoral Ca content. Again, bone mineral density was lowered by orchidectomy and reestablished by both E and EPD, even above SH values, this effect being more important at the metaphyseal levels. Urinary pyridinium cross-links excretion and plasma osteocalcin concentrations were higher in the CX animals than in the controls. Although E and D given alone did reduce both biochemical turnover markers, they showed additive effect when given together (EPD). In conclusion, in the young castrated male rat, E was more efficient than D for preventing bone loss, the most important effect being induced by a combination of E+P+D.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

POEMS: a case study of an Italian wine-producing firm.

Over the last decade, researchers paid much attention to concepts such as Design for Environment, Extended Producer Responsibility, Responsible Chain Management, and Eco-design. Many management tools and standards (such as EMAS, ISO 14001, LCA, EPD, Ecolabel) have been developed to support companies in the evaluation and management of their environmental performance and to pursue continual environmental improvement. The more recent development of the aforesaid fields looks at interorganizational environmental management. Such an approach can complement the more traditional intraorganizational corporate environmental management approaches and tools. A typical example of this new trend is the Product Oriented Environmental Management System (POEMS), which represents the natural evolution of the above-mentioned tools, combining the features of EMS, EPD and Ecolabel. Although the structure of the POEMS is still not standardized, many experimental applications have yet been carried out in Europe. In developing a POEMS, a company needs to determine all of the environmental impacts caused at all life-cycle stages of the product and, ideally, to reduce all of them through a continual commitment. The aim of the present study was to perform a survey of the developed POEMS models and to analyze their peculiarities and drawbacks in the application to Small and Medium Enterprises. A case study regarding an Italian winery company is presented. The study analyzes the structure and the activities of the examined firm, in order to estimate direct and indirect environmental impacts following a life-cycle approach. The chosen functional unit is a 0.75-L bottle of red wine. The article also suggests some solutions to improve the environmental performances of the firm's products.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2003

Measurement issues in postpartum depression part 1: anxiety as a feature of postpartum depression.

We investigated the contribution of anxiety symptoms to scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) between 36 weeks gestation and 16 weeks postpartum in 150 women. The 3-item anxiety subscale of the EPDS accounted for 47% of the total score in late pregnancy, and 38% of the total score in the postpartum period. Two categories of anxiety were common in the perinatal period: subsyndromal, situational anxiety (in particular during the last weeks of pregnancy); and clinically significant comorbid anxiety, which was experienced by nearly 50% of clinically depressed pregnant and postpartum women. The close relationship between anxiety and depression raises questions about whether symptoms of anxiety might be more common in the perinatal period than in other depressions. A strong role for anxiety symptoms in postpartum depression, and implications for its etiology and treatment, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of postpartum depression in a Moroccan sample.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with post-partum depression among Moroccan mothers. The authors interviewed 144 mothers at 2 and 6 weeks, and at 6 and 9 months after delivery. They used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and the Arabic version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Using the M.I.N.I., 18.7% met DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorder in the second week after childbirth. Using a cut-off score of 12, the EPDS indicated a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 96% respectively. Depressive disorder was significantly associated with pregnancy complications, stressful life events during pregnancy, baby's health problems, and poor marital relationship. The subsequent point prevalences were 6.9%, 11.8% and 5.6% respectively at 6 weeks, 6 and 9 months. Postnatal visits were effective in the identification of Moroccan depressed mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence and social correlates of postnatal depression in a low income country.

BACKGROUND: Postnatal depression is an important public health problem worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that rates may be relatively higher in developing countries. We aimed to explore the prevalence of postnatal depression and its association with social support and other risk factors in a sample of Pakistani women. METHODS: Population-based survey of 149 women at 12 weeks postnatal using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ). RESULTS: Thirty six percent women scored > or =12 on EPDS. High depression score was associated with lower social support, increased stressful life events in the preceding year and higher levels of psychological distress in the antenatal period. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of postnatal depression in Pakistani women. Early interventions should be developed that target the antenatal period and strengthen social support networks in women at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Patient choice of treatment for postpartum depression: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The lack of systematic efficacy research makes the selection of optimal treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) difficult. Moreover, the treatment decisions for women with PPD who are breastfeeding are heavily influenced by their concerns about infant exposure to antidepressant medication. The objective of this pilot trial was to examine the clinical characteristics of women with PPD associated with treatment selection. METHOD: This open pilot trial offered 23 women with PPD one of 3 treatment options: sertraline, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or their combination administered in an outpatient mental health setting over 12 weeks. Baseline and treatment outcome measures included the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). RESULTS: Completers across all 3 treatment groups (n = 18) experienced significant clinical improvement with each of the 3 treatment modalities on the HRSD (p < 0.001), BDI (p < 0.001) and EPDS (p < 0.001). There were trends for women with a prior depression to more frequently choose sertraline as a treatment (alone or with IPT, p = 0.07), and for women who were breastfeeding to choose sertraline (alone or with IPT, p = 0.10) less frequently. CONCLUSION: In this small sample of women with PPD, most women chose IPT with or without sertraline. A larger randomized study could further confirm the suggested predictors of treatment selection identified in this study: previous depression and breastfeeding status.

Adult↗