SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ENDODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures.

Apical periodontitis is a sequel to endodontic infection and manifests itself as the host defense response to microbial challenge emanating from the root canal system. It is viewed as a dynamic encounter between microbial factors and host defenses at the interface between infected radicular pulp and periodontal ligament that results in local inflammation, resorption of hard tissues, destruction of other periapical tissues, and eventual formation of various histopathological categories of apical periodontitis, commonly referred to as periapical lesions. The treatment of apical periodontitis, as a disease of root canal infection, consists of eradicating microbes or substantially reducing the microbial load from the root canal and preventing re-infection by orthograde root filling. The treatment has a remarkably high degree of success. Nevertheless, endodontic treatment can fail. Most failures occur when treatment procedures, mostly of a technical nature, have not reached a satisfactory standard for the control and elimination of infection. Even when the highest standards and the most careful procedures are followed, failures still occur. This is because there are root canal regions that cannot be cleaned and obturated with existing equipments, materials, and techniques, and thus, infection can persist. In very rare cases, there are also factors located within the inflamed periapical tissue that can interfere with post-treatment healing of the lesion. The data on the biological causes of endodontic failures are recent and scattered in various journals. This communication is meant to provide a comprehensive overview of the etio-pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of failed endodontic treatments that can be visualized in radiographs as asymptomatic post-treatment periapical radiolucencies.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Endodontic flare-ups: comparison of incidence between single and multiple visit procedures in patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND: Until recently the most accepted technique of doing root canal treatment stresses multiple visit procedure. Most schools also concentrated upon teaching the multi-visit concept. However, it has now been reported that the procedure of single visit treatment is advocated by at least 70% of schools in all geographical areas. It was therefore the aims of the present study to find the incidence of post-obturation flare-ups following single and multiple visit endodontic treatment procedures, and to establish the relationship between pre-operative and post-obturation pain in patients referred for endodontic therapy in a Nigerian teaching Hospital. METHODS: Data collected included pulp vitality status, the presence or absence of pre-operative, inter-appointment and post-obturation pain. Pain was recorded as none, slight, or moderate/severe. Flare-ups were defined as either patient's report of pain not controlled with over the counter medication or as increasing swelling. The patients were recalled at three specific post-obturation periods, 1st, 7th and 30th day. The presence or absence of pain, or the appropriate degree of pain was recorded for each recall visits and the interval between visits. The compiled data were analysed using chi-square where applicable. P level </= 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: Ten endodontic flare-ups (8.1%) were recorded in the multiple visit group compared to 19 (18.3%) flare-ups for the single visit group, P = 0.02. For both single and multiple visit procedures, there were statistically significant correlations between pre-operative and post-obturation pain (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0004 respectively). Teeth with vital pulps reported the lowest frequency of post-obturation pain (48.8%), while those with nonvital pulps were found to have the highest frequency of post-obturation pain (50.3%), P = 0.9. CONCLUSION: The present study reported higher incidences of post-obturation pain and flare-ups following the single visit procedures. However, single visit endodontic therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to multiple visit treatment, especially in communities where patients default after the first appointment at which pain is relieved.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Microleakage of different types of temporary restorative materials used in endodontics.

A temporary filling should seal the endodontic access cavity to avoid reinfection of the root canal system during endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal seal of four temporary filling materials in endodontic access cavities in vitro, using the dye penetration method. Endodontic access cavity preparations were in 50 incisor and 50 molar noncarious nonrestored crowns of extracted human teeth. The coronal access of 10 teeth per group were filled with Coltosol, Algenol, IRM, Fermit or Fermit-N. After storing the teeth in demineralized water for 48 hours, they were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. All the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear depth of dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. There was no significant difference in the microleakage observed in the high elasticity light-cured resin composite (Fermit) versus the low elasticity light-cured resin composite (Fermit-N) groups (p > 0.05).

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1976

Tooth mortality and endodontic status of a selected population group. Observations before and after treatment.

Tooth mortality and the frequency and distribution of endodontically treated teeth was studied in a Norwegian population group. The pre- and posttreatment situation was thus surveyed in 481 individuals with endodontic treatment. The middle aged and the female patients were overrepresented in the sample. At admittance the mean number of teeth per patient was 22.8, 2.6 of which had been endodontically treated. After comprehensive dental treatment, the corresponding figures were 21.5 and 3.7. During treatment extractions were performed in 48% of the patients, twice as often in the maxilla as in the mandible, 47% of the extracted teeth being molars. At admittance, root fillings comprised 83.5% of the total number of endodontically treated teeth, while pulpotomies were observed in about 15%. Retreatments were performed in 35% of the treated roots and in every other patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Immediate core buildup of endodontically treated teeth: the rest of the seal.

One primary objective of endodontic therapy is to establish an adequate seal with the root canal filling material. The placement of an immediate amalgam buildup at obturation, in conjunction with rubber dam isolation, allows an endodontic seal to be extended from the foramen to the cavosurface margin. As a result of this immediate buildup, the length of the seal and the longevity of the endodontic treatment are presumably extended. This article describes an effective means of performing the immediate core buildup of endodontically treated teeth.

Dental Amalgam↗

PubMed1998

Endodontic treatment: what can and what can't be saved.

Although endodontic treatment is generally considered to have a high success rate, not all teeth provide an opportunity for predictable salvage by endodontic therapy and subsequent restoration. New studies are yielding valuable information about factors that affect the outcome of treatment, which enhances the ability of the clinician to make a more accurate preoperative assessment and improve the quality and predictability of treatment. Most teeth can be saved by endodontic treatment; however, some cases fail despite good treatment. How can we assess and predict the outcome of treatment? This paper reviews reasons for biological failure of endodontic treatment and describes clinical factors that influence whether you might treat, refer, or extract the tooth.

Dental Restoration Failure↗

PubMed2001

Rationale for the application of the GTR principle using a barrier membrane in endodontic surgery: a proposal of classification and literature review.

Periradicular surgery has become an established treatment option in endodontic surgery. The major objective of this surgery is to obtain periradicular tissue regeneration, including the formation of a new attachment apparatus, by exclusion of any potentially noxious agent within the physical confines of the affected root. However, in a substantial number of cases, the endodontic lesion has a concomitant marginal periodontal lesion that may complicate the healing success. In periodontology, the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) principle using a barrier membrane has been extensively studied and successfully used, and thus may become an adjunct in endodontic surgery. This article presents a classification system of endodontic and periodontal lesions with respect to the application of the membrane technique and reviews the pertinent literature based upon this classification system.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed2002

The application of infinite element method to endodontic endosseous implant stress analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the precise stress distribution of the apical foramen area of endodontic endosseous implant, in order to improve the prosthetics of endodontic endosseous implant. METHODS: After analysis of the two-dimensional endodontic endosseous implants model with finite element method, left and right areas beside the apical foramen were selected as infinite domains to calculate. D-N interactive method was used to connect the finite and infinite domains. RESULTS: Under 45 degrees axial right oblique loading, the stress concentration occurred in both infinite domains of the apical foramen. The infinite domain nearing the load side was tension stress concentration, but the other side was compressive stress concentration. Two stress concentration points were just at the central points, which were intersections between implant and dentin. The stress reduced in all directions from these two stress concentration points, but in the ligament, the result was contrary. CONCLUSIONS: The change of the tooth rotational center is helpful to the tooth stability and carrying capacity after restoration. In the implant area, the diameter of implant at the apical foramen of root shall not be reduced to protect root in clinical work. It is very important to preserve the tissue of periodontal ligament for endodontic endosseous implants.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗

PubMed2003

[The ideal endodontic posts. A review of the literature].

Extensive research has been done regarding endodontic posts. In the majority of cases, only a few aspects are investigated. A literature review was performed regarding the various aspects that have to be considered when selecting a particular endodontic post for clinical application. The dentist has to realize that the ideal endodontic post (still) does not exist for all clinical situations. Most important is to achieve both a durable and a predictable result, sparing as much as possible of the root itself. Based on the literature, data presenting the requirements for an 'ideal' endodontic post are formulated.

Crowns↗

PubMed2003

[Effect of Radix scutellariae on the growth and form of Porphyromanus endodontics in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific evidence for underpinning the use of Radix Scutellariae in the treatment of pulp and periapical diseases. METHODS: Using minute amount serial dilution test, this study assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration of Radix Scutellariae extreact against Porphyromanus Endodontics. The forms of Porphyromanus endodontics treated with Radix Scutellariae extract at different concentrations were observed by use of SEM. RESULTS: The MIC of Radix Scutellariae extract was determined to be 1 mg/ml. Radix Scutellariae changed the forms of Porphyromanus endodontics, making them become bigger, longer and crumbled. CONCLUSION: Radix Scutellariae could inhibit the growth of Porphyromanus Endodontics.

Dental Pulp↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prognosis of endodontically treated teeth? Point.

The success rate of a restored, endodontically treated tooth is of interest to the dentist and patient when planning the treatment of a tooth requiring endodontics. The reported success rate for nonsurgical root canal treatment is varied within the dental literature. An alternative measure is tooth survival. This will include other factors related to endodontic treatment that result in poorer tooth survival. An understanding of the survival of endodontically treated teeth compared with alternative treatment modalities, such as dental implants, will provide for a more informed treatment plan.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[In vivo and in vitro biocompatibility tests of endodontic cements].

The major goal endodontic therapy has been achieved by condensing filling materials into the root canal. It's not uncommon to find excess material into the periapical tissue. It therefore becomes obligatory to use fillings materials that have acceptable biocompatibility. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain a "toxicity profile" of some endodontics materials and to compare our observations to results present in literature. The gutta-percha and five endodontic filling cements were tested "in vivo" and "in vitro". The in vivo biocompatibility involved the placement of the test material in 10 mm. Teflon tubes with an outer diameter of 1.3 mm which were implanted subcutaneously into rats. The implants were left in situ for periods of 30 and 90 days. The "hemolysis test" is designed for "in vitro" evaluations. The histological examination showed different intensity and extent cellular responses. In some cases severe infiltration of inflammatory cell and areas with necrotic were seen. At conclusion, the endodontics material evaluated showed slight, moderate and severe reactions; therefore a different pattern in tissue response.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical study on the causes and treatment of endodontic interappointment emergencies].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes and the treatment of endodontic interappointment emergencies. METHODS: An analysis were made for 55 teeth with endodontic interappointment emergencies. The root canals were sealed with dexamethasone and metronidazole,and filled with Vitapex add gutta-percha point after one week. An evaluation of curative effect was made after following up one year. RESULTS: The total incidence of endodontic interappointment emergencies was 12.59%(55/437). There was significant difference between pulpitis and pulp necrosis or apicitis(P<0.01). There was significant difference between anterior teeth and posterior teeth (P<0.01). The success rate was 92.7% after following up one year. CONCLUSION: The cause of endodontic interappointment emergencies was related to pulp status and tooth location,etc. The treatment that sealed the root canals with dexamethasone and metronidazole and filled with Vitapex add gutta-percha point is of availability.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections.

Our understanding of endodontic infections and treatment of endodontic disease has increased significantly over the last decade. This article is an update of those findings. Aspects that are reviewed include: portal of entry for microorganisms, virulence and pathogenicity of organisms, descriptions of primary and recurrent endodontic infections, and treatment of endodontic infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2004

Five factors to be considered when restoring endodontically treated teeth.

UNLABELLED: Maintenance of tooth integrity and strength is critical to the longevity of any restoration. Endodontic treatment inherently requires reduction of supportive tooth structure to provide access and shape and clean the root canal system. Restorative modalities following root canal therapy must provide sufficient strength for the prosthetic material and tooth structures. This article presents several considerations in the treatment of endodontically compromised teeth to ensure clinical success. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: This article discusses relevant considerations in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Upon reading this article, the reader should: Understand the factors that affect the strength of an endodontically treated tooth. Recognize the available restorative options following root canal therapy.

Dental Restoration Failure↗

PubMed2005

Remaining tooth structure associated with various preparation designs for the endodontically treated maxillary second premolar.

Existing literature suggests a relationship between the amount of remaining tooth structure and the fracture resistance of the restored endodontically treated tooth. This study investigated the amount of tooth structure remaining following various tooth preparations used in the restoration of the endodontically treated maxillary second premolar. Illustrations of the maxillary second premolar in buccopalatal, mesiodistal and occlusal sections were drawn to scale. Outlines of various intra- and extracoronal preparations were superim-posed on the illustrations to reveal the amount of tooth tissue remaining in each case. Preparations for a ceramic inlay, inlay with palatal cusp coverage and onlay left 2.0-2.5mm of tooth structure buccally and palatally. Following preparation for a metal-ceramic crown, approximately 1.0mm of tooth structure remained buccally, and between 1.6mm-1.8mm palatally. Preparation for an all-ceramic crown was observed to leave 1.0mm-1.2mm of tooth structure surrounding what remained of the endodontic access cavity. It was concluded that decisions as to the type of definitive restoration to restore the endodontically treated maxillary second premolar may be influenced, amongst other factors, by information on the amount of tooth tissue remaining following preparation.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed2005

[Critical analysis of leakage studies in endodontics].

Incomplete filling of the root canal is one of the major causes of endodontic failure. Endodontic filling techniques and materials which perfectly seal the canal are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Different in vitro tests are being used to test the sealing efficiency of endodontic filling techniques and materials. A large amount of these tests are leakage tests which measure the penetration of a tracer along the root canal filling. Tracers mainly are dyes, radio-isotopes, bacteria, bacterial metabolites, fungi and others. Apart from the tracer penetration techniques there are also other techniques. The electrochemical technique measures electrical current passing through the void along the root canal filling. The fluid transport method evaluates through-and-through voids along the canal filling. With this technique pressure on the water at the coronal side of the root canal filling is increased. In case of leakage, this will be registered based on the movement of an air bubble in a capillary attached to the end of the root. All of the described methods have their limitations. The largest limitations are the low reproducibility of some of the methods and the absence of standardization. Capillary flow porometry, a method well-known from the industry, has recently been applied in dentistry. With this method through pores can be evaluated in a standardised and reproducible way. Voids which do not extend along the entire root canal filling still have to be evaluated with other methods. Despite of the shortcomings of the in vitro leakage tests, they remain useful as an initial screening of new materials and techniques for canal obturation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed2005

Restoring endodontically treated teeth with posts and cores--a review.

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of endodontically treated teeth depends not only on the success of the endodontic treatment, but also on the type of reconstruction. These considerations include the decision of whether or not to use posts. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A literature review has been performed to create guidelines for the reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth by posts and cores. RESULTS: Posts should only be used for the retention of core material in cases where little dental substance remains, ie, one or no cavity walls. A ferrule of 2 mm has to be provided, by surgical means if necessary. The post length is limited by the necessary apical seal of 4 to 6 mm. In cases of short posts, adhesive fixation is preferred. Ceramic posts show a higher risk of fracture than fiber posts which are retrievable. Composites have proven to be a good core material. Posts should be inserted if endodontically treated teeth are used as abutments for removable partial dentures. CONCLUSION: These guidelines are based mainly on in vitro studies with an evidence level of II a or II b, as there is a lack of randomized clinical studies available. The remaining tooth structure is an important factor influencing the indication of posts and cores, yet it is not sufficiently recognized in clinical studies and in vitro. Therefore, further prospective clinical studies are needed.

Humans↗