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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Reductive inactivation of digitoxin by Eubacterium lentum cultures.

The obligate anaerobe Eubacterium lentum inactivated the cardiac glycoside digitoxin by reducing the double bond in the lactone ring. This conversion was quantitative when the substrate was incubated at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. The reduction reaction coincided with the growth phase of the bacterium. The stereochemical configuration at C-20 of the reduction product dihydrodigitoxin was found to be R. Incubation of digitoxigenin and its mono- and bisdigitoxosides individually with E. lentum led to the formation of their respective dihydro derivatives. The configuration at C-20 of these reduced metabolites was also found to be R.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMed1970

Large-scale digitoxin intoxication.

Because of an error in the manufacture of digoxin tablets a large number of patients took tablets that contained 0.20 mg. of digitoxin and 0.05 mg. of digoxin instead of the prescribed 0.25 mg. of digoxin. The symptoms are described of 179 patients who took these tablets and suffered from digitalis intoxication. Of these patients, 125 had taken the faultily composed tablets for more than three weeks. In 48 patients 105 separate disturbances in rhythm or in atrioventricular conduction were observed on the electrocardiogram. Extreme fatigue and serious eye conditions were observed in 95% of the patients. Twelve patients had a transient psychosis. Extensive ophthalmological observations indicated that the visual complaints were most probably caused by a transient retrobulbar neuritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Pharmacological studies of cinobufagin, in comparison with digitoxin].

General pharmacological properties of cinobufagin (CB), isolated from Senso, were compared with those of digitoxin (DT). Decrement of spontaneous movement, inhibition of writhing, prolongation of hexobarbital-induced hypnosis, muscle relaxation, inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability, hypothermia, antipyretic effect in mice; excitation of respiration in rabbits; nerve blocking action in the isolated sciatic nerve of frogs; cardiotonic effect in the isolated atria of guinea pigs; contraction of the isolated ileum of rabbits and guinea pigs; contraction of the aorta of guinea pigs; and relaxation of the isolated trachea of guinea pigs were common properties observed after separate application of CB and DT. Membrane stabilizing effect in erythrocytes of rats and inhibition of propulsive motility of the small intestine in mice were observed only after the application of CB. Inhibition of gastric juice secretion, antiinflammation on carrageenin- or dextran-induced edema, diuresis in rats, mydriasis in mice and potentiation of transmission in the neuromuscular junction of rats were observed only after the application of DT. After oral administration, the onset of the effects of CB (30 min) was faster than that of DT (3-4 hr), and the duration of the effects of CB (1-2 hr) was shorter than that of DT (greater than 24 hr).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Protective effect of digitoxin in adrenal-compression hypertension.

Bilateral compression of the adrenal glands combined in mononephrectomy and followed by the imposition of a high NaC1 intake resulted in severe hypertension in all rats so treated. It was accompanied by enlargement of the heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands, atrophy of the thymus, and the occurrence of severe nephrosclerosis. Digitoxin treatment delayed the onset, reduced the incidence, and ameliorated the magnitude of the hypertensive response in such animals; it also reduced the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and the severity of nephrosclerosis and completely prevented enlargement of the adrenals and kidneys and atrophy of the thymus.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1992

The importance of prospective planning of pharmacokinetic trials. Considerations of studies on the phenytoin-digoxin-(P-D) and phenytoin-digitoxin-(P-DT) interaction.

To study possible pharmacokinetic interactions between two compounds a single-dose or a multiple dose experimental design may be used. Two prospective trials on the possible pharmacokinetic interaction between phenytoin (P) and digoxin (D) or digitoxin (DT) were performed in healthy volunteers. It is demonstrated that an statistically significant pharmacokinetic interaction was found only after multiple dosing under conditions of steady-state, whereas after single dosing no interaction was observed. In case of investigating possible pharmacokinetic interactions a multiple dosing trial design appears to be advantageous.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Interferences and recovery of digitalis glycoside preparations using commercial radioimmunoassay kits for digoxin and digitoxin.

The authors compare and discuss sensitivity and reproducibility of commercial RIA kits of digoxin and digitoxin commonly used in routine hospital laboratories and in emergency. Cross reactivity and recovery of these kits with different digitalis preparations currently prescribed in medical practice are studied with a view to practical application in patients receiving digitalis glycosides and derivatives.

Digitoxin↗
PubMed1987

Effects of quinidine, verapamil and nifedipine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of digitoxin during steady state conditions.

In a prospective clinical study the effects of quinidine (Q), verapamil (V) and nifedipine (N) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of digitoxin (DGT) were studied in 28 subjects achieving steady state conditions. DGT plasma concentration increased continuously up to a new steady state level after 3 to 4 weeks of Q or V coadministration. Mean steady state DGT concentrations were 45% and 27%, respectively, higher than during treatment with DGT alone. Renal DGT clearance and endogeneous creatine clearance were not significantly affected by Q or V coadministration, while nonrenal DGT clearance was significantly reduced by an average of 40.5% and 29%, respectively. Similarly, elimination half-life determined in 4 volunteers once in presence and once in absence of Q was prolonged by 34.5%. The increased plasma DGT concentration seems to be pharmacodynamically active as demonstrated by electrographic measures and systolic time intervals. While the antagonistic effects of Q and V on QT-duration and myocardial performance with increasing DGT plasma levels nearly disappeared, the synergistic effects of DGT and Q or V were continuously intensified. In contrast, N had no clinically significant effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DGT. From these investigations it could be concluded that Q and V had a clinically significant effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DGT but to a lesser extent and, at least in part, by different mechanism than shown for digoxin.

Digitoxin↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment of severe digitoxin poisoning with digitalis antibodies].

In a 59-year-old patient who for suicide had taken 75 tablets of digitoxin the symptoms of a severe digitalis intoxication developed. By application of the digitalis antidote BM the life-threatening condition could quickly be mastered. Because of the distinct hyperkalaemia additionally an initial haemodialysis treatment was carried out.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacological investigation on asclepin--a new cardenolide from Asclepias curassavica. Part II. Comparative studies on the inotropic and toxic effects of asclepin, g-strophantin, digoxin and digitoxin).

The cardiac effects of asclepin, a new glycoside from the plant Asclepias curassavica, were studies in vitro (isolated atrium and heart of guineapig) and in vivo (anaesthetized cat) and were compared with g-strophanthin, digoxin, digitoxin, or digitoxigenin, resp. Asclepin showed a marked positive inotropic effect as evidenced by the increase in the force of contraction, measured by (dp/dt)max and (formula: see text). It was found to be more active than the other glycosides.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Reversibility of severe digitoxin poisoning with antidigoxin antibodies].

We report a case of severe digitoxin poisoning treated at the stage of ventricular fibrillation by infusion of FAB antidigoxin fragments with low in vitro covering properties. There were no side effects. The possibility of rapidly reversing the prognosis will permit the use of specific FAB fragments before the onset of potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias, when these antibodies become more generally available.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of two cardiac glycosides, digitoxin and digoxin on blood lipids.

Two cardiac glycosides, namely digitoxin and digoxin when treated with goat blood, were found to alter the lipid constitution as measured by their phosphorus content, fatty acid composition and malonaldehyde content. There was significant increase in the poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and malonaldehyde contents in blood treated with these drugs. Possible correlation between the lipophilicity of the drugs and their biological activity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison of digitoxin bioavailability from tablets and elixir during maintenance therapy (author's transl)].

The bioavalability of digoxin tablets and solution has been studied during maintenance therapy in a cross over study. Each preparation was given over a period of at least 7 days to patients with compensated congestive heart failure. Urine concentrations and plasma levels were analysed for digitoxin. There was no significant difference between the two preparations. Determination of steady state serum concentrations and urinary excretion during maintenance therapy as an index of bioavalability are more cumbersome than a single dose study. From a pharmacokinetic point of view however, analyses of steady-state conditions are preferable to a single dose study. In addition, steady state of drug input and output resembles the usual digitalis therapy.

Administration, Oral↗