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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Working experience with a new vacuum-accelerated microwave histoprocessor.

Methods of microwave and vacuum-accelerated fixation, dehydration, and paraffin embedding are described, using a new type of vacuum and temperature stabilizable microwave histoprocessor: MFX-800. The whole histoprocessing cycle lasts 3.5-5.5 h, depending on the thickness of the tissue blocks. Well-preserved structural detail, intense staining, and good antigen preservation were achieved with various tissues. This new histoprocessing facility is recommended for routine pathology laboratories in speeding up their processing procedures.

Decalcification Technique↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A modified "soft surface specimen technique" for examination of the inner ear.

A new surface preparation method was devised for assessing intracochlear vessels and sensorineurepithelium. The method is a combination of the conventional osmic acid stained surface preparation method and a surface preparation technique with injection of Prussian blue and decalcification of the cochlea. Such a combination preserves most advantages of each and eliminates many of the disadvantages. To preserve the delicate sensory and nervous structures we examined variations of the preparation, paying particular attention to fixation, staining, and decalcification procedures and solutions. Varying the preparation had a less marked effect on external wall structures than on the basilar membrane; the primary changes consisted of variation in staining contrast. The method proved useful for demonstrating the normal anatomy and pathological changes in cochlear vasculature and in sensorineural and supporting structures of the labyrinth in light and phase contrast microscopy at moderate magnifications.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A new technique for the study of temporal bone pathology.

A new technique for the study of the temporal bone at autopsy is presented in which thin slices of the fixed bone are prepared on a special cutting machine which preserves the configuration of the delicate anatomical structures. Selected areas are then processed for light microscopy. There is thus opportunity for gross examination, only a short period for immersion in acid for decalcification if required, and special histological procedures may also be carried out. The method is quick and technically easier than serial sectioning and storage of the smaller numbers of sections from each case is less of a problem. Temporal bones which have been perfused through the perilymph within 3 h of death may also be cut in the same way in order to allow removal of samples of membranous labyrinth for surface preparation or electron microscopy, avoiding the need for drilling to reach the membranous labyrinth, and being quicker and less damaging.

Histological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow biopsy (BMB). I. Generalities, material and method, normal structure of bone marrow, pathological conditions.

The authors presented in their first note generalities concerning the normal and pathological structure of bone marrow (BM), based on their personal experience (1,500 BMB) and on the literature. A short historical survey and the adopted research method are presented. The advantage of Burkhardt's myelotomy with its technical process by embedding in synthetic resins to avoid decalcification are discussed. The authors have used Jamshidi's cannula (or some other similar needle) with the subsequent embedding in paraffin after decalcification. Further papers will analyse the approach, by BMB, of the myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplasia, lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease, cancer metastases and medullar aplasia.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

A histologic evaluation of a mandibular cross section one year after augmentation with hydroxyapatite particles.

A pathologic mandibular fracture in a 35-year-old woman 1 year after the attempted filling of a bone defect with particulate, dense hydroxyapatite resulted in a partial mandibular resection, allowing observation of cross sections of the mandible and associated soft tissue. Thin tissue sections were examined without decalcification. This permitted excellent observation of the hydroxyapatite particles, the bone, and the soft tissue. Osseointegration had occurred only in the areas closely associated with the bone. The immobility of the particles was a prerequisite for involvement with new bone formation. Hydroxyapatite particles in areas that allowed any mobility were surrounded by connective tissue with no bone formation evident. Heterogeneous particles were observed, indicating the possibility of a lack of purity in the hydroxyapatite ceramic, which may have contributed to the resorption of the particles. These findings, as well as other clinical and experimental findings, lead us to question the concept of hydroxyapatite as a bioactive ceramic that induces osteogenesis or osteoconductivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sheet plastination of the larynx for whole-organ histology.

Whole organ serial sections of the larynx are recognized to improve the assessment of laryngeal pathology. The human larynx with its complex anatomy of different types of tissue with their marked differences in hardness complicate the cutting process. The methods established are either very costly, time consuming and prone to artefacts, or sections are too thick for a histological work-up. Prior decalcification causes major shrinkage, thus morphometry is not feasible. We describe a technique of sheet plastination to produce whole-organ sections which allows a full-scale histological investigation without prior decalcification. Deep-frozen larynges are cut into 4-micron-thick sections using an ordinary slicing machine. Slices are dehydrated in acetone and plastinated in Biodur E50/E7/ AE10/E700. These specimens are cut into sections of about 80 microns thickness using a diamond-wire saw. An ultra-milling device reduces the section thickness down to about 10 microns. Surface staining of different kinds like Richardson, methylene blue or Paragon yields sufficient contrast for exact diagnosis. Deplastination and consecutive paraffin-like staining is possible, but results are not yet fully satisfying. Histological sheet plastination produces almost artefact- and shrinkage-free whole-organ sections in a period of about 1 week. The technique is useful for studies of micromorphometry or tumor spread. Theoretically, application of immunohistochemical staining methods seems to be possible. This might lead to mapping the proliferation activity of laryngeal cancer as it is presented on whole-organ sections.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1992

Bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry for evaluating age-related changes in the rat mandibular condyle decalcified by intravenous infusion.

Age-related changes in cell proliferation kinetics of the mandibular condyle were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) immunohistochemistry in decalcified, paraffin-embedded tissues. Intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg BrdUrd was given 1 hr before animal sacrifice. Continuous perfusion of EDTA solution via the left ventricle shortened the decalcification time. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. BrdUrd labeled cells, i.e., the S-phase cells, were clearly visible with well-preserved cytological detail. Their nuclei exhibited homogeneously stained granules. The labeling index in the intermediate zone of the condyle decreased with increasing age of the animals. This method is useful for evaluating physiological and pathological changes of the rat mandibular condyle as well as other bones and joints.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a lion cub.

A female lion cub about 5 months old from a litter raised artificially in a lion park, was euthanased and necropsied. The history was one of poor growth, lameness, a reluctance to move and skeletal malformations with disproportionately large head and feet. The cub had been fed meat and milk supplemented with calcium and vitamins. All the bones in the body were exceptionally soft and flexible. The long bones, vertebrae and ribs were easily split in half with a knife. The scapulae were deformed and medially curved. The long bones were shorter and thicker in diameter than normal, with very thin cortices. Numerous pathological fractures exhibiting minimal callus formation were present. The ribs were rounded, abnormally curved and very short in comparison to the length of costal cartilages. Radiographically, a marked osteoporosis was observed. Histopathological examination revealed a severe diffuse fibrous osteodystrophy with very little bone present. The osteoid was improperly mineralised and tissue sections for microscopy were cut without any need for prior decalcification. Little space for haemopoietic tissue remained. The lesions were considered consistent with those in animals raised on a diet containing excessive phosphates and low calcium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Otospongiosis: morphologic and microchemical investigation after NaF-treatment.

Element analysis of microareas of otospongiotic specimens is described. A total of 36 otospongiotic stapes are ultrasectioned without decalcification and examined using a transmission and a scanning electron microscopy (STEM-mode). The latter was equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer. Twenty of the stapes came from patients who have had sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment (15 to 45 mg/day) for a minimum of 12 months. The otospongiotic stapes are classified as spongiotic and sclerotic according to their pathologic characteristics and state of mineralization. Using the Ca/P ratio as criterion--measured by the characteristic x-ray fluorescence--it was shown in a blind study that the NaF-treated otospongiotic stapes had a statistically higher Ca/P ratio, indicating that the fluoride may stabilize otospongiotic lesions, particularly the spongiotic type with unstable mineralization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Valvuloplasty with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium in patients with complex mitral valve pathology.

BACKGROUND: Severe mitral regurgitation associated with complex mitral valve disease often precludes successful surgical repair. The feasibility and the results of valvuloplasty with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium remain largely unknown. METHODS: The cases of 63 patients who underwent operation within an 11-year period were studied. A pretreated autologous pericardial patch was used for leaflet extension plasty, for paracommissural plasty, as a substitute for part of the leaflet, and for reimplantation of ruptured papillary muscles to eliminate severe mitral regurgitation. Patients with a severely calcified annulus after en bloc decalcification had straddling endoventricular pericardial patch annuloplasty for reconstruction of the affected atrioventricular groove. Chordal replacement with a strip of pericardium was chosen if no suitable chordae were available. Pericardium-reinforced suture annuloplasty was used in patients with acute endocarditis resistant to medical therapy. Associated valvuloplasty procedures with Carpentier techniques were also employed. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths in this series. At a mean follow-up of 61.1 months (range, 4 to 132 months), mitral regurgitation was absent or trivial in 92.1% of patients by echocardiography. Freedom from reoperation was 95.2% at 1 year and 5 years. Thromboembolic events have not been detected. Thirty percent of patients returned to sinus rhythm. Two patients required valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Our beneficial results indicate that glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium is suitable for valvuloplasty. It provides durable and predictable repair of valves that might otherwise need to be replaced because of the complex mitral valve disease. The technique is reliable, allows further efficacious repair possibilities, and improves postoperative outcomes. Whether it can prevent late deterioration and calcification requires more investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Bilateral familial anophthalmos].

In the examined family the proband, a 14 months old male, presented a bilateral anophthalmos, bilateral cryptorchism, phimosis and decalcification of the nails. The palpebral fissures and the eyelids are smaller than normal; the orbit was empty, clad by a connective tissue without ocular buds. The testicles are unpalpable in the inguinal canal. The proband have a normal karyotype. Also a brother of the proband, dead for meningitis (age five months), had bilateral anophthalmos. The maternal branch of the family is lacking in hereditary pathology. On the contrary, the anamnesis of the paternal branch present very interesting data. His grandmother married twice; from the first marriage came, at the second generation, the sibship of the father, who had a sister with Franceschetti syndrome and another sister with double lower dental arch. From a second marriage originated, at the second generation, eleven siblings sibship, all seriously malformed and a dead infant, but the first-born having bilateral anophthalmos.

Anophthalmos↗
PubMed1977

[Active otosclerosis of the stapes footplate: histological and clinical aspects of its influence on the perilymph (author's transl)].

Pathologic capillaries are usually seen in the center of an otospongious process. Next to obliteration, dilatation and increased permeability a loss of basement membrane structure is evident. Around the capillaries exists a wide network of mesenchymal cells which have a glycogen like mass within the cytoplasm; glycogen can be delivered into the extracellular fluidspace. Free erythrocytes are located around many vessels. Near the margin of the lacunae decalcificated areas are seen; in the center of these areas osteocytes undergo lysis; they show intracytoplasmatic deposits of apatite which we assume to be located within the mitochondria. The collagen structure in the neighbourhood of the osteocytes seems to be damaged. Once the resorptive process has reached the perilymphatic surface of the footplate there comes to an connection between the otospongiotic lacunae and the vestibule. Free erythrocytes, glycogen like drops and lysosomes are delivered into the perilymph. Comparing the histological results with the operative results in patients with floride otosclerosis we conclude that operation should be done as early as possible to prevent damage from the inner ear, caused by the continuous intoxication of the perilymph from the otosclerotic focus.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism].

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of hyperparathyroidism. METHOD: 37 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were confirmed pathologically. The course of the disease varied, the longest one being 14 years and the shortest one 3 months. RESULT: 35 patients had parathyroid adenoma, 1 hyperplasia of parathyroid, and 1 carcinoma of parathyroid. The main clinical manifestation was symmetrical pain of the supporting bones and joints, hypercalcemia, hypercalcinuria, hypophosphatemia, hyper-alkaline phosphatasemia, and increase of iPTH in peripheral blood. X-ray examination showed osteoporosis and decalcification, accompanied with multiple fracture occasionally, we injected (99m)Tc and MiBi into inferior thyroid artery as a demonstration for the diagnosis of tumor of parathyroid. CONCLUSION: The key procedure of the operation was to search for tumor of parathyroid. We used thymus-thyroid ligament as guide and injected methylene blue into the artery during operation to search thyroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry on biopsy specimens of pathologic human bone marrow.

We have systematically investigated a variety of fixation and plastic embedding procedures and arrived at a method that allows processing of approximately 2-micron sections of bone marrow biopsies for examination by light microscopy. More importantly, this method permits the use of enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures that are rapidly becoming mandatory in the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies. Over 200 full-length bone marrow biopsy specimens were fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and acrolein, dehydrated in acetone, and embedded in a mixture of methyl and glycolmethacrylate. All procedures were carried out at 4 degrees C. Decalcification was unnecessary. Sections 2-micron thick were cut and incubated for peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase (with and without tartrate), or alkaline phosphatase and then examined by light microscopy. Specimens could be prepared for examination within 48 hr. This approach, which provides definitive markers for various hematopoietic cell lines in intact tissues, is invaluable when aspirated material is unavailable. It is also useful in the analysis of focal lesions of bone marrow due to inflammation or neoplasia and shows potential as an investigative tool. For example, we have discovered that early myelofibrosis is accompanied by a marked increase in the number of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1980

[Necrosis of the head of the femur in hyperuricaemia (author's transl)].

The article reports on two cases of a typical necrosis of the head of the femur, known as "idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head". Hyperuricaemia was present in both cases. In the first female patient, scintigraphy showed accumulation of activity unilaterally in the region of the ankle joint without any pathological x-ray finding in that region. The necrosis of the head of the femur was atypically associated with a lateral narrowing of the joint space and apposition of the bones at the lateral joint edges. Angiography did not yield any abnormal finding in the hip joint. In the case of the second (male) patient, the necrosis of the femoral head was combined with diaphyseal osteonecrotic changes bilaterally, distal to the femoral shaft, and there was also a diffuse decalcification, not recorded so far, metaphyseally distal to the femoral shaft and proximal at the shaft of the tibia, reaching to the epiphyseal cicatrices. Hyperuricaemia was combined with hyperlipidaemia. In both patients, the hyperturicaemia dropped to normal levels under appropriate medication; in the second patient, this was also true of the hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. No further progress was seen from the time the blood levels had become normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Experience with the clinical use of demineralized bone autografts in traumatology and orthopedics].

The authors analyse the results of clinical application of osseous allografts demineralized by 1, 2-2, 4-3, 6 N solutions of hydrochloric acid. Of 92 patients with various pathologies of the locomotor system the postoperative results were positive in 85 cases (92.4%) and negative in 7 cases (7.6%). The analysis has demonstrated that the negative results were not connected with the kind of the osteoplastic material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Actinomyces infection in a compound odontoma].

INTRODUCTION: Compound odontoma is an abnormal development of dental tissue which is characterized by regular and ordinate structures that resemble a normal tooth. Actinomyces is an abnormal inhabitant of the oral cavity which is able to become pathological whenever the specific or non specific defense mechanisms of an individual may fail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Described is a case of 60 years old male with no deficit of his immune system confirmed by various analysis. There is one year history of an intermittent pain to the left half of his mandible. An x-ray suggests an odontoma. The gengiva, near the lesion, appears to be ulcerated; two fistulous tracts with the oral mucosa and one with the skin area are seen. After decalcification the tissue obtained from the lesion has been fixed in formalin and included in paraffin. The slides were stained with Haematoxilin-Eosin, PAS and Grocott's silver method. RESULTS: The lesion consists of well differentiated enamel and dentin including a fragment of the pulp featuring the typical aspects of compound odontoma. In addition the pulp shows an intense infiltration of granulocytes, plasma cells and numerous capillaries; around the pulp an extensive area of necrosis is present, in which there are eosinophilic aggregates of amorphic and granular matrix suggestive of an infection by actinomyces. This was confirmed with PAS and by an intense urgyrophilia. CONCLUSION: Described is a case of compound odontoma complicated by an actinomycosis infection in a patient with a well functioning immune system which appears to be the first case reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemistry and microwave decalcification of human temporal bones.

Processing of human temporal bones is a long, expensive process and the resulting celloidin sections are difficult to use for immunohistochemistry. We tested the ability of immunohistochemical assays to work in human temporal bones that were decalcified using a microwave oven. Tissue was trimmed to an approximate cube (1.5-2 cm/side) containing only the cochlea and immersed in fresh EDTA with paraformaldehyde every 6 h. This sized block required 190-400 h to decalcify. The decalcified tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Sections were immunoassayed with anti-cytochrome c oxidase, anti-neurofilament or anti-peripherin. All three antibodies labeled the appropriate structures. This procedure may stimulate advancement in the understanding of human inner ear pathology.

Calcium↗