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Results for “Dangerous Behavior”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Involuntary commitments to public mental institutions: issues involving the overrepresentation of blacks and assessment of relevant functioning.

This article contributes to the debate in the mental health and legal systems concerning involuntary commitments to mental hospitals. The focus is on issues involving the overrepresentation of Black people among adults committed to U.S. public mental institutions and issues involving the assessment of relevant behavioral functioning in particular. Empirical findings, legal principles and procedures, and methodological limitations are reviewed to identify problems in current practice and relevant evidence bearing on those problems. Special emphasis is placed on the possible explanations for the overrepresentation of Blacks and on dependable assessments of relevant functioning that are needed to justify the state's coercive power to involuntarily confine people, regardless of race. The article concludes with a summary and recommendations for research and practice.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1989

Management of HIV-positive psychiatric patients who fail to reduce high-risk behaviors.

The authors describe clinical and legal dilemmas faced by staff involved in providing inpatient psychiatric treatment to two HIV carriers who continued to practice high-risk behaviors after learning of their HIV infection. Staff were unsure of their obligation to report the patients under a state law giving the commissioner of health broad discretion to limit the freedoms of HIV-infected individuals who continue to practice high-risk behaviors. Treatment of the patients also raised concerns about the appropriateness of treating noncompliant HIV-infected patients in traditional psychiatric settings and the lack of suitable aftercare facilities. The authors advocate developing a specialized treatment approach for noncompliant HIV-infected patients and provide a series of recommendations that might serve as the foundation for such an effort.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Juvenile sex offenders: a case against the legal and clinical status quo.

The past two decades have seen a movement toward harsher legal sanctions and lengthy, restrictive treatment programs for sex offenders. This has not only been the case for adults, but also for juveniles who commit sex offenses. The increased length and severity of legal and clinical interventions for juvenile sex offenders appear to have resulted from three false assumptions: (1) there is an epidemic of juvenile offending, including juvenile sex offending; (2) juvenile sex offenders have more in common with adult sex offenders than with other juvenile delinquents; and (3) in the absence of sex offender-specific treatment, juvenile sex offenders are at exceptionally high risk of reoffending. The available data do not support any of the above assumptions; however, these assumptions continue to influence the treatment and legal interventions applied to juvenile sex offenders and contributed to the application of adult interventions to juvenile sex offending. In so doing, these legal and clinical interventions fail to consider the unique developmental factors that characterize adolescence, and thus may be ineffective or worse. Fortunately, a paradigm shift that acknowledges these developmental factors appears to be emerging in clinical areas of intervention, although this trend does not appear as prevalent in legal sanctions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Psychiatrists and compulsion: a map of ethics.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse the ethical underpinning of involuntary treatment and to create a guide for psychiatric practice which clarifies its relationship with modern mainstream clinical ethics. METHOD: Literature on ethics, involuntary treatment, civil commitment, diagnosis and law was searched and examined. RESULT: Hospitalisation for involuntary treatment and control has blurred two important discriminations: the discrimination between clinical and social constructions of mental illness and the discrimination between therapeutic actions and policing control. Plotting these discriminations creates a map of ethics in involuntary treatment. Although there are clinical roles throughout involuntary treatment, the ethical issues vary according to whether clinical actions are taken on clinically or socially constructed diagnosis and whether the purpose of the actions is therapy or control. CONCLUSION: Paternalist involuntary treatment should be undertaken more readily when it is for clinically defined illness and for the benefit of the patient. Where the conditions are defined by social behaviours alone, where treatment is not useful to the patient, or where actions have policing intent, particular ethical approaches need to be taken to defend the patient, the clinician-patient relationship and the reputation of the profession.

Australia↗
PubMed1993

Coercion and legal protection in psychiatric care in Finland.

In this article an overview is given on the complexity of coercion and legal protection in psychiatric care. The Finnish criteria for coercive treatment and some types of coercion are presented. The defining and classifying of mental illnesses are stated to be culturally bound, developing processes. How the incidence of involuntary care correlates with the number of hospital beds is discussed. Some suggestions to improve the legal protection of psychiatric patients in Finland are presented.

Behavior Control↗
PubMed1999

Relation between heart rate and problem behaviors.

A new methodological approach for understanding self-injury, aggression, and property destruction exhibited by individuals with severe developmental disabilities was evaluated in this descriptive study. Measures of heart-rate changes before, during, and after episodes of problem behavior were obtained in real time. Unique patterns of heart rate and problem behavior were documented for each participant. Heart rate, identified as an indicator of negative arousal, was reliably associated with higher scores of perceived distress. These results indicate that further research is needed to examine the link between problem behavior and physiology. The study also suggests that physiological measurement can be included in the functional assessment process to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying problem behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Adolescents' perceptions of their risk-taking behavior.

A questionnaire comprised of several self-report scales was administered to 440 adolescents to assess differences between high and low sports and danger risk takers on relationship and personality variables. Sports risk takers reported more danger-related risk taking and more drug use but higher self-esteem than did nonrisk takers. Danger risk takers reported greater sports-related risk taking and more drug use as well as less intimacy with their mothers, less family responsibility taking, and less depression than did their nonrisk-taking counterparts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of the medical lethality of suicide attempts in bipolar and major depressive disorders.

OBJECTIVES: Among mood disorders, bipolar disorder (BPD) is often noted to involve the highest rates of suicide attempts and possibly of completion. This study sought to determine whether suicide attempters with BPD exhibit suicide attempts with higher lethality than attempters with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to explore differences in clinical features associated with suicidal acts. METHODS: Mood disordered suicide attempters were interviewed about Axis I and II diagnoses, lifetime history of suicide attempts, suicidal intent, suicidal ideation, the medical lethality of their most severe suicide attempt, severity of depression, hopelessness, lifetime aggression, and impulsivity. RESULTS: The maximum lethality of suicidal acts tended to be higher among BPD attempters compared with those with MDD. However, there were no differences in the number of suicide attempts, intent to die or suicidal ideation. Suicide attempters with BPD reported higher levels of aggression and impulsivity but less hopelessness compared with MDD attempters. These differences could not be explained by Cluster B personality disorder comorbidity. Of note, within the BPD group, but not the MDD group, males reported suicidal acts with higher lethality. Multivariate analyses suggested that risk for more lethal suicide attempts is associated with BPD and male sex and that bipolar males appear to be especially vulnerable to these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Males with BPD make more lethal suicide attempts than females with BPD, an effect not observed among the MDD sample. Our findings suggest that higher rates of suicidal behavior in BPD may be due to a specific effect of BPD on males, leading to more dangerous suicidal behaviors. This effect, together with the larger proportion of males in the BPD group compared with the MDD group may lead to higher rates of reported attempted and completed suicide.

Adult↗