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The dermatoglyphic studies showing the existence of genetic predisposition to the development of lung tuberculosis were conducted. Comparison of dermatoglyphs of patients with various forms of tuberculosis has shown their significant coincidence. A hypothesis about similar character of predisposition to all forms of lung tuberculosis is suggested.
This paper includes the study of finger ball pattern dermatoglyphics of 200 normal individuals and 200 tubercular patients. The data on the former group were collected from local institutes and that on the latter one from Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Dept., Govt. Medical College, Patiala. A comparison of two groups was made pertaining to the distribution of various subtypes, major types, indices, symmetry, monomorphic hands and pleiotropic hands to find out an association of finger ball dermatoglyphics with tuberculosis, if any. No statistical significant differences were observed in two groups in relation to these parameters except for the distribution of various subtypes in index fingers of both hands and little finger of right hand and the pleiotropic hands.
112 mother-child-father tercettes have been examined for several quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters (total ridge count--TRC--, radial and ulnar differrences, index of pattern type [KEITER]). The distribution of pattern among children has been compared to those of their parents. In the majority of cases within the empirical distribution of the children extreme values outside of the variation range of the parents were observed. This is in contrast to the formal genetic model of additive polygeny (HOLT). These findings have been interpreted as manifestation of TRC-heterogeneity suggesting a modifying action of radial and ulnar ridge differences. The parent-child correlation for the radio-ulnar differences and the index of pattern type were lower than that for the TRC. The interpretation of unexpected differences in quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters of children in relation to the variation of their parents has to be discussed very carefully. Due to the small number of material a correlation between the isolated position of the children in TRC to mother-child-differences in serological markers could not be excluded in this study.
Dermatoglyphic traits in an endogamous community of the village Chmelnica (North-Eastern part of Slovakia) are reported and their frequency is compared with an average Slovak population. The results of this study demonstrate the regional variability and the particular dermatoglyphic specificity of the investigated population. The most conspicuous are the increased intergender differences in the course of the main lines on the palms, their consequently higher quantitative expression by indices, and the higher quantitative values of total line numbers on fingers that was observed for females of our sample.
Palmar and fingerprints were taken from 70 patients with Darier's disease and 409 normal controls. The dermatoglyphic characteristics of each group were determined and comparisons were made between them. Dermatoglyphic abnormalities were found; some confirmed previous findings and some were novel, but they are too small in degree and frequency to be of use diagnostically.
A study was conducted using dermatoglyphics to predict and compare Class I, Class II, div. 1, div.2 and Class III malocclusions. A total of 96 subjects were divided into 3 malocclusion groups, i.e. Class I (control group), Class II, div.1, div.2 and Class III (experimental group) in the ages of 12-14 years. The dermatoglyphic findings revealed that the craniofacial Class II, div. 1, div.2 pattern was associated with increased frequency of arches and ulnar loops and decreased frequency of whorls, whereas in Class III, there was an increased frequency of arches and radial loops with decreased frequency of ulnar loops. In predicting Class III malocclusion, based on frequency of arches, the sensitivity values were found to be higher and more reliable than the sensitivity values of Class II, div.1 and div.2 malocclusion.
Having made the correlative analysis of dermatoglyphic characteristics the dependence between distribution of finger and palm patterns and inclination to abortive delivery was established. The computer programme of analysis of dermatoglyphic characteristics gives an opportunity to determine the inclination of a certain person to abortive delivery.
In traits which are normally bilaterally symmetrical, asymmetries may arise as a result of genomic or environmental stress. Such asymmetries are called fluctuating asymmetry. Symmetry is known to be decreased in a variety of disorders of developmental origin, and thus could potentially serve as a risk marker for disorders with a developmental component. We examined this idea by conducting a case-control study of 49 developmentally delayed children and 51 controls. Using two dermatoglyphic characters as a measure of symmetry (finger print concordance and A-B triradial ridge count difference), we found odds ratios of 2.32 (95% CI 0.65-3.17) and 2.11 (95% CI 0.57-3.27); depending on which character was measured. These results suggest that fluctuating asymmetry may have potential as a risk marker for developmental disorders, and that this area of research warrants further research.
Our previous study (Karmakar et al. 2005 Ann. Hum. Biol. 32:445-468) was on 500 pedigrees of five different populations, with factor 1 comprising quantitative finger dermatoglyphics (including pattern intensity index, PII) and factor 1 controlled by major genes. The present results of a complex segregation analysis of the individual trait PII of the same five populations were compared with previous results to ascertain the extent of variation between individual trait PII and its factor (factor 1) with respect to mode of inheritance. The comparative findings are very similar in five populations, irrespective of different ethnic groups. This result suggests that the variability of their biological relevance is influenced by the same genetic component, thus representing a similar mode of inheritance with major gene involvement in all populations.
The dermatoglyphic characteristics of 52 women with the Ullrich-Turner syndrome were studied and compared to those of a control group of 50 normal women. Through the use of discriminant analysis, it is shown that the use of the A'-d ridge count alone has the same efficiency in separating Ullrich-Turner syndrome patients from normal female subjects as discriminant functions here derived and other methods already published in the literature.
Fingerprint and palmar dermatoglyphics and creases were investigated in 60 patients (20 males and 40 females) with generalized neurofibromatosis. Like previous investigators, we found a significantly increased frequency of digital central pocket patterns. Furthermore, affected males and females had an increased frequency of monocentric whorls (P = 0.0037), higher quantitative values on digit II of both hands (P = 0.04), more often a reduction of main line C (P less than 0.05) with decreased frequencies of patterns in the 3rd and 4th interdigital area of the left hand (P less than 0.05), and a lower ab ridge count (males P less than 0.005; females P less than 0.001) than control individuals. On the right hand of males the frequency of high endings (5' or 5'') of line A was decreased (P less than 0.05). A significantly increased frequency of Sfl (Sydney line) was found in female patients (P less than 0.001). Male and female patients often showed a high number of secondary creases (P less than 0.001).
Fingerprints and palm prints were studied in 78 breast cancer patients, 391 patients at increased risk for developing breast cancer, and 64 control patients for the purpose of finding a pattern that would identify those women with breast cancer or those who are predisposed to its development. A pattern of 6 or more digital whorls was identified more frequently in women with breast cancer than in those without the disease (P less than 0.01). This finding was independent of known risk factors for breast cancer and was present in 28% of the cancer patients. No correlation was noticed between palm prints and breast cancer. The positive predictive value of 6 or more digital whorls was comparable to that of mammography and that of breast biopsy. With increasing age there was an increase in the positive predictive value associated with 6 or more digital whorls. It is concluded that digital dermatoglyphics may have a future role in identifying women either with or at increased risk for breast cancer such that either risk reduction measures or earlier therapy may be instituted.
Finger prints of the Bagathas, a dominant endogamous tribal population of Araku Valley in Andhra Pradesh (India) were analysed. They are distributed in Araku, Paderu and Chintapalli agency areas of Visakhapatnam district of A. P. Investigations on finger prints of 235 males and 235 females reveal that loops are higher in females (57.58 per cent) than in males (49.19 per cent). Sex differences in the distribution of the patterns are statistically significant (chi2 equal to 27.8277; d. f. equal to 2; 0.001 greater than P). The index of pattern intensity shows a higher value in males (14.17) than the females (12.84). It isevident from the mean ridge counts that there is a clear sexual dimorphism, males showing higher mean ridge counts than females. Bagathas show greater affinity with the Valmikis in the frequency distribution of pattern types and in the pattern intensity index. However, a more detailed dermatoglyphic study of all the tribes of Andhra Pradesh yields information of great value in disclosing the pattern distributions among these Dravidian or proto-Australoid tribal populations.
The adult Easter Island population was fingerprinted in 1965 as part of an overall study of their human biology. Major findings of the dermatoglyphic analysis are as follows. Digit and bimanuar percentages of patterns (arches, loops, and whorls) were similar to those observed in Europeans. However, in terms of total pattern type distributions, the Islanders had many more whorls and a correspondingly much higher Pattern Intensity Index than those found in European groups. This difference was even present, although in lesser magnitude, in Easter Islanders known to be admixed with Europeans. Corresponding to a high occurrence of whorls, Mean Total Ridge Count (TRC) was also notably high. An association between TRC as a measure of pattern size and incidence of patterns was clearly evident in several groups available for comparison.
Dermatoglyphic data on 15 traits (digital arches, digital radial loops, digital ulnar loops, digital whorls, I loops, Ir loops, H loops, H loops, III loops, IV loops, mainline C absence, total ridge count, a-b ridge count, atd angle, and mainline index) are presented for 141 Chipaya Indians of Bolivia. Ethnic relationships of these Indians to nine South American Indian tribes (Alacaluf, Atacameño, Aymara, Cashinahua, Chácobo, Chama, Chané, Quechua, and Sirionó) are explored by means of a genetic distance analysis using 21 alleles. Genetic distances are complemented with linguistic and geographic distances between the Chipaya and the other tribes. Genetic distances were found not to be significantly correlated with linguistic and geographic distances. Combining the information available, it is concluded that the Chipaya are most likely ethnically related to the Arawak speakers of the tropical forest.
Palmar dermatoglyphics and flexion creases of 108 male and 65 female patients diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus have been analysed. The control population consists of 536 males and 234 females from the same population. Palmar flexion creases were analysed according to the method suggested by Bali and Chaube ('71). The flexion creases of diabetic patients and the control population are significantly different. The differences between main line formulae in diabetes and controls are significant among males. The differences between C-line types of patients and controls are significant among both sexes. Axial triradii are significant among female patients and controls. The patterns in the interdigital areas IV and II are significantly lower among male and female patients respectively from their controls.
Eight hundred Nigerians (400 males and 400 females) were screened for the analysis of digital dermatoglyphic patterns. The frequency distribution of the patterns are 52.09%, 27.67%, 19.20% and 1.13% for ulnar loops, whorls, arches and radial loops respectively. Except for arches, the males have more of the patterns than females. The pattern intensity indices for males and females are 11.2 and 9.9 respectively. Bilateral symmetry is similar in both sexes and the percent distribution is as high as 81.5% and 84% on digit V in males and females respectively.
We searched for single gene effects determining certain palmar and plantar patterns - two interdigital and the hypothenar areas, palmar main line sequence, and hallucal pattern. Our subjects were 108 parents from central Louisiana and 123 of their offspring; there were 127 females and 104 males. For the third and fourth interdigital areas, we classified for presence of a pattern (+) or no pattern (-). For the hypothenar area, we classified arch, anteform, and open field as no pattern (-) and other configurations as a pattern (+). Main line sequence we determined by the distal to proximal ordering of the five main lines. We analyzed the hallucal area by combining three loop patterns. Segregational analyses followed. For the third interdigital area, the frequency of + was 51%. For the fourth interdigital area, the frequency of + was 45%. We set out the six mating types by the bilateral occurence of pattern in each area and found similar results. The proportion of ++ offspring was highest with both ++ parents and diminished as the parents became increasingly more --. Evidence for genetic determination of six different main line sequences consisted of the proportion of related/(related + unrelated) which averaged 0.48. Parent-offspring occurrence of an accessory triradius and absence of the c triradius suggested monogenic control. Segregation of the hallucal patterns was less suggestive. We conclude that the results offer evidence for substantial genetic determination of palmar dermatoglyphics, and for some patterns possible monogenic determination.